5 - Role Duality among School-age Children Participating in Farming in Some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Oluwasegun A. Adekunle
Africa Development,
Vol. 32 No. 3 (2007): Africa Development
Abstract
The paper examines rural children’s role duality as school pupils and farm par- ticipants. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to elicit data from 229 respondents aged between five and sixteen years. It was found that 44 per cent of the respondents were simultaneously schooling and farming, while the re- maining were only either in school or farming. Using eight common farm activi- ties, a coefficient of farm participation (cfp) was computed, while another eight agricultural innovations were used to compute agricultural innovation aware- ness index (awi) for each respondent. It was found that no significant difference existed in farm participation levels of respondents attending school and those that were not, while a significant difference in innovation awareness (awi) ex- isted in favour of respondents in school. Parental influence, peer group and school farms were also found to be significantly related to respondents’ partici- pation in agriculture. It is thus imperative to keep rural children in school even as they are engaged in farming activities.
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- Abumere, S. I., Okafor, S. I. and Oluwasola, O., 2002, ‘Rural Infrastructure and the Development Process in Rural Nigeria’, Research Report No 36, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
- Adisa, R. S., 2005, ‘Use of Agricultural Innovations in Children’s Separate Farm plots in some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria’, Journal of Extension Systems, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 46-57.
- Agunbiade, J. B. and Adedoyin, S.F., 1998, ‘Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Farmers’ Children Farm Plots in the Sustenance of Youth Interest in Agriculture’, in Adedoyin, S. F and Torimiro, D. O., eds., Rural Children and Future Food Security in Nigeria, Sageto and Co., Ijebu Igbo, pp. 159-169.
- Ajayi, A.O. and Jibowo, A.A., 2004, ‘Determinants of Rural Children’s Knowledge of Hazards Associated with Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria’, Journal of Social Sciences 9 (3), pp. 195-200.
- Bequile, A., 1983, Questions and Answers in Child Labour. Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, pp. 16-24.
- Blanchard, F., 1983, Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, p. 3.
- Bruns, B., A .Mangar and Rakotomalala, R., 2003, ‘Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for Every Child’, Report No 266605, World Bank.
- Etim, P. S., 1989, Women and Children under Nigerian Law, Lagos: Federal Ministry of Justice, p.108.
- Fadayomi, T.O., 1988, Rural Development and Migration in Nigeria, Ibadan: National Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), pp. 36-37.
- Farinde, A. J., 1999, ‘Issues Crucial to Farm Children Development and Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria’, in S.B. Williams, F.E. Ogbimi and A. J. Farinde, eds., Farm Children and Agricultural Productivity in the 21st Century, Book of Proceedings, Nigeria CIAP Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, pp. 128-133.
- Federal Office of Statistics (Nigeria), 1997, Socioeconomic Profile 1996, Lagos.
- Ginsberg, O., 2000, ‘Sustainability from Children’s Perspective: A Journey through the Landscape of German Children’s City Farms’, Paper presented at University of Nottingham International Conference, 13-16 September.
- Idu, E.E., Tee, T.N. and Obinne, A.D.E., 2001, ‘Assessment of Children’s Participation in Crop and Forest Production: A Case Study of Youths in Makurdi’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp.149-157.
- Jibowo, A. A., 1992, Essentials of Rural Sociology, Nigeria: Gbemi Sodipo Press.
- Kissekka, M.N., 1989, A Brief on Population and socio-cultural life in Nigeria, Lagos: Population Education Series, Department of Population Education, p. 56.
- Knodel, J. and Havanon, N., 1998, ‘The Transition to Secondary School: Views of Parents in a Rural District of Central Thailand’, Michigan: Population Studies Center, University of Michigan.
- Lipton, M., 2005, ‘The Family Farm in a Globalizing World: The Role of Crop Science in Alleviating Poverty’, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020 Policy Brief No. 74. IFPRI.
- Mfum-Mensah, O., 2003, ‘Fostering educational participation in pastoral communities through non formal education; the Ghanaian perspective’, International Journal of Educational Development, 23 (6).
- Ngwu, P.N.C., 1993, ‘Characteristics and Learning Needs of School Leavers in the Rural Small Enterprises Informal Sector in Benue State, Nigeria’, Nigeria Journal of Rural Extension and Development, Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3, Owerri, pp. 1- 18.
- Obinne, A.D.E., Idu, E.E , and T.N. Tee, 2002, ‘Assessment of Youth Participation in Livestock Production and Career Prospects in Agriculture in Makurdi Metropolis’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp. 131- 137.
- Ogunwale, A.B., 1997, ‘Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Adoption of Alley Farming Technology by Small scale Farmers in Osun State’, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Ile-Ife, Obafemi Awolowo University.
- Olawale, R. and Solola, F., 1991, ‘Child Labour in Nigeria’, The Guardian, June 16, p 15.
- Olawoye, J.E., 2000, ‘Contemporary Research Interests and Problem Areas in Agricultural Extension and Rural Development’, The Ibadan Extension, Monograph series No. 2, Ibadan: University of Ibadan.
- Olutayo, A.O., 1994, ‘Systemic Source of Working Children in Africa: The Case of Nigeria’, Childhood Journal, (Munskguard), pp. 45-52.
- Oworu, O.O., 1998, ‘Rural Children and the Continuity and Sustenance of Sugar cane Farming in Nigeria’, Farmers’ Children and the Future Food Security of Nigeria, Sageto and Co. Ijebu Igbo, pp. 443-449.
- Scarborough, V., Killough, S., Johnson, D. A. and Farrington, A., 1997, Farmer- Led Extension: Concepts and Practices, London: ITP Ltd.
- Stloukal, L., 2004, ‘Rural Population Ageing in Developing Countries. Issues for Consideration by FAO’, Sustainable Development Dept.
- Waldie, K., 2004, ‘Youth and rural Livelihoods’, LEISA, Vol. 2 No. 2, ILEIA, the Netherlands, pp. 6-8.
- Webster, J. and Marigar, S.C., 1999, ‘Risks for Children in Agriculture’, Agricultural Health and Safety Fact Sheet AHS 07, Utah State University Extension, Logan, Utah, pp1-2.
References
Abumere, S. I., Okafor, S. I. and Oluwasola, O., 2002, ‘Rural Infrastructure and the Development Process in Rural Nigeria’, Research Report No 36, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
Adisa, R. S., 2005, ‘Use of Agricultural Innovations in Children’s Separate Farm plots in some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria’, Journal of Extension Systems, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 46-57.
Agunbiade, J. B. and Adedoyin, S.F., 1998, ‘Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Farmers’ Children Farm Plots in the Sustenance of Youth Interest in Agriculture’, in Adedoyin, S. F and Torimiro, D. O., eds., Rural Children and Future Food Security in Nigeria, Sageto and Co., Ijebu Igbo, pp. 159-169.
Ajayi, A.O. and Jibowo, A.A., 2004, ‘Determinants of Rural Children’s Knowledge of Hazards Associated with Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria’, Journal of Social Sciences 9 (3), pp. 195-200.
Bequile, A., 1983, Questions and Answers in Child Labour. Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, pp. 16-24.
Blanchard, F., 1983, Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, p. 3.
Bruns, B., A .Mangar and Rakotomalala, R., 2003, ‘Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for Every Child’, Report No 266605, World Bank.
Etim, P. S., 1989, Women and Children under Nigerian Law, Lagos: Federal Ministry of Justice, p.108.
Fadayomi, T.O., 1988, Rural Development and Migration in Nigeria, Ibadan: National Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), pp. 36-37.
Farinde, A. J., 1999, ‘Issues Crucial to Farm Children Development and Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria’, in S.B. Williams, F.E. Ogbimi and A. J. Farinde, eds., Farm Children and Agricultural Productivity in the 21st Century, Book of Proceedings, Nigeria CIAP Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, pp. 128-133.
Federal Office of Statistics (Nigeria), 1997, Socioeconomic Profile 1996, Lagos.
Ginsberg, O., 2000, ‘Sustainability from Children’s Perspective: A Journey through the Landscape of German Children’s City Farms’, Paper presented at University of Nottingham International Conference, 13-16 September.
Idu, E.E., Tee, T.N. and Obinne, A.D.E., 2001, ‘Assessment of Children’s Participation in Crop and Forest Production: A Case Study of Youths in Makurdi’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp.149-157.
Jibowo, A. A., 1992, Essentials of Rural Sociology, Nigeria: Gbemi Sodipo Press.
Kissekka, M.N., 1989, A Brief on Population and socio-cultural life in Nigeria, Lagos: Population Education Series, Department of Population Education, p. 56.
Knodel, J. and Havanon, N., 1998, ‘The Transition to Secondary School: Views of Parents in a Rural District of Central Thailand’, Michigan: Population Studies Center, University of Michigan.
Lipton, M., 2005, ‘The Family Farm in a Globalizing World: The Role of Crop Science in Alleviating Poverty’, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020 Policy Brief No. 74. IFPRI.
Mfum-Mensah, O., 2003, ‘Fostering educational participation in pastoral communities through non formal education; the Ghanaian perspective’, International Journal of Educational Development, 23 (6).
Ngwu, P.N.C., 1993, ‘Characteristics and Learning Needs of School Leavers in the Rural Small Enterprises Informal Sector in Benue State, Nigeria’, Nigeria Journal of Rural Extension and Development, Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3, Owerri, pp. 1- 18.
Obinne, A.D.E., Idu, E.E , and T.N. Tee, 2002, ‘Assessment of Youth Participation in Livestock Production and Career Prospects in Agriculture in Makurdi Metropolis’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp. 131- 137.
Ogunwale, A.B., 1997, ‘Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Adoption of Alley Farming Technology by Small scale Farmers in Osun State’, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Ile-Ife, Obafemi Awolowo University.
Olawale, R. and Solola, F., 1991, ‘Child Labour in Nigeria’, The Guardian, June 16, p 15.
Olawoye, J.E., 2000, ‘Contemporary Research Interests and Problem Areas in Agricultural Extension and Rural Development’, The Ibadan Extension, Monograph series No. 2, Ibadan: University of Ibadan.
Olutayo, A.O., 1994, ‘Systemic Source of Working Children in Africa: The Case of Nigeria’, Childhood Journal, (Munskguard), pp. 45-52.
Oworu, O.O., 1998, ‘Rural Children and the Continuity and Sustenance of Sugar cane Farming in Nigeria’, Farmers’ Children and the Future Food Security of Nigeria, Sageto and Co. Ijebu Igbo, pp. 443-449.
Scarborough, V., Killough, S., Johnson, D. A. and Farrington, A., 1997, Farmer- Led Extension: Concepts and Practices, London: ITP Ltd.
Stloukal, L., 2004, ‘Rural Population Ageing in Developing Countries. Issues for Consideration by FAO’, Sustainable Development Dept.
Waldie, K., 2004, ‘Youth and rural Livelihoods’, LEISA, Vol. 2 No. 2, ILEIA, the Netherlands, pp. 6-8.
Webster, J. and Marigar, S.C., 1999, ‘Risks for Children in Agriculture’, Agricultural Health and Safety Fact Sheet AHS 07, Utah State University Extension, Logan, Utah, pp1-2.