9 - Connecting African Activism with Global Networks: ICTs and South African Social Movements
Corresponding Author(s) : Herman Wasserman
Africa Development,
Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2005): Africa Development
Abstract
In this article the potential of ICTs to amplify the work done by social movements and activists in South Africa will be explored. Against the background of new dis courses of Pan-African Unity such as those around the African Renaissance and the New Plan for African Development (Nepad), the use of ICTs by a South African activist group, the Treatment Action Campaign, will be investigated to establish how these communication technologies can embed local social movements within larger political and communicative networks both on the African continent and globally.
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- A.CSO (African Civil Society Organisations), 2003, African Civil Society Statement to the Second Summit of the Heads of States and Governments of the African Union. Online: www.pambazuka.org/newsletter.php?id=l6l50 Retrieved July 11, 2003.
- APC & CRIS (The Association for Progressive Communications and the Campaign
- for Communication Rights in the Information Society). 2003, 'Involving Civil Society in ICI
- Policy'. Johannesburg: STE Publishers.
- African Gender Institùte & Women's Net, The Internet - Getting Connected.
- Brochure.
- African Gender Institute, 1998, Newsletter. Cape Town: University of Cape Town. African Gender
- Institute, 2001, AGO at the Millennium - Annual Report. Cape
- Town: University of Cape Town.
- Agre, P.E, 1999, 'G owing a Democratic Culture-John Commons on the Wiring of Civil Society'. Paper
- presented at the Media in Transition Conference, MIT, October. Online:
- http://web.mit.edu/m-i-t/articles/agre.html. Retrieved on June 17, 2003.
- Agre, P.E., 2002, 'Real-Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process',
- The Information Society, Vol. 18 No. 31, pp. 311-331.
- Ahmed, S. and C. Swart, 2003. Report on the use of ICTs by the Treatment Action Campaign.
- Transcriptions of interviews conducted with TAC staff members and volunteers, 29-30 September. In
- possession of author.
- Alexander, N, 2003, 'New Meanings of Panafricanism in the Era of Globalisation', The Fourth Annual
- Frantz Fanon Distinguished Lecture, DePaul University, Chicago, 8 October.
- Appiah, K.A. H.L. Gates, 1998, The Dictionary of Global Culture, New York:
- Alfred A. Knopf
- Arnold, E.L. and D. C. Plymire, 2000. 'The Cherokee lndians and the Internet', in David Gauntlett,
- ed., Web Studies, London: Arnold, pp.186-193.
- Ashurst, M, 2001, 'Africa's Ringing Revolution', Newsweek, 27 August, pp. 14-
- Axford, B., 2001, 'The Transformation of Politics or Anti-Politics?', in B. Axford and R. Huggins,
- eds., New Media and Politics, London: Sage, pp. 1-29.
- Baber, Z, 2002, 'Engendering or Endangering Democracy? The Internet, Civil Society and the Public
- Sphere', Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp.287-303.
- Balancing Act, 2003, 'Number of Black Internet Users in SA has gone up 30%, says Ananzi'. Issue
- , www.balancingact-africa.com/news/currentl.html, Retrieved on October 20, 2003.
- Barker, C., 1999, Television, Globalization and Cultural Identifies, Buckingham
- and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
- Bennett, W.L., 2003, 'New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism', in
- N. Couldry and J. Curran, Contesting Media Power, Rowman and Littlefield (Forthcoming).
- Bond, P., 2002, 'Thabo Mbeki and NEPAD: Breaking or Shining the Chains of
- Global Apartheid?', in Jacobs, S. & Calland, R. Calland, eds., Thabo Mbeki's World, Scottsville:
- University ofNatal Press, pp. 53-81.
- Brants, K., 2002, 'Politics is E-verywhere', Communications 27, p 00
- Bray, J., 1998, 'Web Wars: NGOs, Companies and Governments in an Intemet connected World', Greener
- Management International, Vol. 98 No. 24, pp. 115-130.
- Bumett, R. and P.D. Marshall, 2003, Web Theory, London: Routledge. Castells, M., 2000, The Rise of
- the Network Society, Oxford: Blackwell.
- Conradie, D.P.; Morris, C; and S.J. Jacobs, 2003, 'Using Information and Communication Technologies
- (ICT) for Deep Rural Development in South Africa', Communication, Vol. 29 Nos. 1&2, pp. 199-217.
- Dawson, M., 2003, 'From Brazil to India: Lessons from WSF III', in: Debate -
- Voices /rom the South African Left, Vol. 9, pp. 27-30.
- Della Porta, D. and M. Diani, 1999, Social Movements -An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell.
- Duncan, J., 2003, 'Another Joumalism is Possible: Critical Challenges for the media in South
- Africa'. Centre for Civil Society Harold Wolpe Lecture, http:/
- /www.nu.ac.za/, Retrieved on January 29, 2004.
- Forrest, D., 2003, 'Social Movements: "Ultra-left" or "global citizens"?', Mail Guardian, 31
- Fébruary, pp. 9-11.
- Geffen, N., 2003, 'Persona! communication with author', TAC offices, Muizenberg, Cape Town, May 22.
- Gurak, L.J. and J. Logie, 2003, 'Internet Protests, from Text to Web', in M. McCaughey and M.D.
- Ayers, Cyberactivism - Online Activism in Theory and Practice, New York & London: Routledge, pp.
- -46.
- Gurak, L.J., 1999, 'The Promise and the Peril of Social Action in cyberspace', In
- M.A. Smith and P. Kollock, eds., Communities in Cyberspace, London & New York: Routledge, pp.
- -263.
- Haffajee, F. and V. Robinson, 2003, 'Power to the people', Mail & Guardian, 13 May, p. 31.
- Heywood, M., 2003, 'TAC: Building a Community Movement', in Debate - Voices
- /rom the South African Left, Vol. 9, pp. 4-6.
- Jacobs, S., 2"ù04, 'Public Sphere, Power and Democratic Politics: Media and Policy Debates in
- Post-Apartheid South Africa', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of London, Birkbeck College.
- Jensen, M., 2002, 'Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) inAfrica
- -A Status Report', Presented to the Third Task Force Meeting, United Nations Headquarters, 30
- September - l October. Online: http://www.unicttaskforce.
- org/thirdmeeting/documents/jensen%20v6.doc Retrieved on Novemner 11, 2002.
- Jones, S., ed., 2003, Encyc/opedia of New Media, Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Kidd, D., 2003, 'Indymedia.org -A New Communications Commons', in M. McCaughey and M.D. Ayers,
- Cyberactivism - Online Activism in Theory and Practice, New York & London: Routledge, pp. 47-69.
- Kindra, J., 2003, 'Wooing the working class', Mail & Guardian, 23 May,p. 6. Koman, R., 2003, Email
- communication on Global Knowledge for Development Email List. Gkd@phoenix.edc.org
- Lax, S. 2000. 'The Internet and Democracy', in D. Gauntlett, ed., Web.Studies,
- London: Arnold, pp. 159-169.
- Lister, M.; Dovey, J.; Giddings, S.;Grant, I.; and K. Kelly, 2003, New Media: A Critical
- Introduction, London & New York:.Routledge.
- Loomba, A., 1998, Colonia/ism/Postcolonialism, London: Routledge. Mallapragada, M., 2000, 'The
- Indian Diaspora in the USAandAround the Web',
- In David Gauntlett, ed., Web Studies, London: Arnold.
- Mason, A., 2001, 'The Role of Civil Society in the Development of Democratic Media in Southern
- Africa: The Namibian Example ', in K. Tomaselli and H. Dunn, eds., 2001, Media, Democracy and
- Renewal in Southern Africa, eds., Colorado Springs: International Academic Publishers Ltd, pp.
- -98.
- Mayhew, K., 2003, 'Cellphones are used to fight disease in remote areas', Business Day, 12
- September, http://www.bday.co.za/bday/content/direct/ l,3523,1431147-6078-0,00.html. Retrieved on
- October 17, 2003.
- Mbeki, T., 2003, Address at the South African National Editors' Forum on the
- Media, AU, Nepad and Democracy: Johannesburg, 12 April, 2003, http:// www.sanef.org.za/. Retrieved
- on December 06, 2003.
- Morgan, N., 2003, Email communication in posession of author.
- Mutume, G, 2003, Africa takes on the digital
- www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/voll7no3/l 73tech.htm Retrieved on October 31, 2003.
- Nakamura, L., 2002, Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and ldentity on the Internet,
- London: Routledge.
- Nedstatbasic, 2003a, Page view statistics: TAC, http://www.nedstatbasic.net/.
- Retrieved on March 25, 2003.
- Nedstatbasic, 2003b, Page view statistics: TAC,:http://www.nedstatbasic.net/.
- Retrieved on November 18, 2003.
- Negus, K.and P. Român-Velâzquez, 2000, 'Globalization and Cultural Identities', in James Curran and
- Michael Gurevitch, eds.3, Mass Media and Society, London: Arnold.
- Nepad (New Patnership for Africa's Development), 2003, 'Infrastructure Short Term Action Plan
- (STAP)- Review oflmplementation Progress and the Way Forward'.
- Obasanjo, O., 2003, 'Progress Report to the Second Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Heads of
- State and Govemment of the African Union'.
- Okoth, F.m 2003, 'Methodological Issues in the Study of Digital Media and Perceptions of Civil
- Society in Urban Kenya and Zambia', Unpublished paper. Phatam (Pan-African HIV/Aids Treatment
- Access Movement), 2002, Declaration of Action,
- http://www.tac.org.za/newsletter/2002/ns25_08_2002.txt Retrieved
- on November 12, 2003.
- Porter, M. E., 2003, 'Profits are on the line when you devise an Internet strategy'.'Sunday Times Business Times, 11 May, p. 2.
- R.edding, C.G, 2003, 'Anti-Aids Drugs to South Africa: An Argument for Global
- Community', www.codesria.org/links/conferences/hiv-aids/redding.pdf, Retrieved on July 10, 2003.
- R.heingold, H., 2003, 'From the Screen to the Streets', In These Times, 28 October,
- www.inthesetimes.com/, Retrieved on October 31, 2003.
- R.yklief, S., 2002, 'Does the emperor really have no clothes?: Thabo Mbeki and
- ideology', in Jacobs, S. Jacobs and R. Calland, eds., Thabo Mbeki's World,
- Scottsville: University of Natal Press, pp. 105-120.
- SASF (Southern African Social Forum), 2003, Organizations, http://
- earth.prohosting.com/sasf2003/0rganizations.htm, Retrieved on November 11, 2003.
- Sangonet (Southern African NGO Network). 2003. News and Events. Online:
- http://www.sn.apc.org/corporate/news/news_frameset.html, Retrieved on November 18, 2003.
- Slevin, J., 2000, The Internet and Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Stones, L., 2003, 'Cellphone solution for internet', Business Day 9 October, http:/
- /www.bday.eo.za/, Retrieved on October 17, 2003.
- Struwig, J and J. Conradie, 2003, 'Internet applications in the political sphere: perceptions and
- views of political institutions in South Africa', Communication Vol. 29 Nos. 1&2, pp.: 250-264.
- TAC: TreatmentAction Campaign, 2003a, www.tac.org.za/various articles.
- Tilly, C., 1993, 'Social Movements enter the Twenty-first Century', Paper presented at the
- conference on Contentious Politics and the Economie Opportunity Structure: Mediterranean
- Perspectives, University of Crete, Rethimno, October 17-18, 2003
- Iomlinson, J., 1999, Globalisation and Culture, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Van Kessel, I., 2000, 'Grassroots: From Washing Lines to Utopia', in L. Switzer and M. Adhikari,
- eds., South Africa's Resistance Press -Alternative Voices in the Last Generation under Apartheid,
- Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, pp. 283-326.
- Wasserman, H. and A.S. De Beer, 2003, 'E-governartce and e-publicanism - preliminary perspectives
- on the role of the internet in SouthAfrican democratic processes', Paper presented at the
- convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas City, USA.
- August.
- Wasserman, H., 2003a, 'Post-apartheid media debates and the discourse of identity', Ecquid Novi
- Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 217-223.
- Wasserman, H., 2003b, 'New Media in a New Democracy: An Exploration of the Potential of the
- Internet for Civil Society Groups in South Africa', in K. Sarikakis, and D. Thussu, eds.,
- Ideo/ogies of the Internet, Hampton Press (Forthcoming).
- Wasserman, H., 2003c, 'Dial-up identity: SouthAfrican languages in cyberspace', in H. Wasserman,
- and S. Jacobs, eds., Shifting Selves: Postapartheid Essays rin Media, Culture and Identity, Cape Town: Kwela.
- Webcheck Newsbrief, 2001, May,www.webchek.co.za, Retrieved on September
- , 2001.
- Wood, H., 1997, 'Hawaiians in Cyberspace', First Online Conference on Postcolonial Theory,
- www.fas.nus.edu.sg/staff/conf/poco/paper2.html, Retrieved on June 20, 2002.and A. Zegeye, Culture in the New South Africa, Cape Town: Kwela Books md SA History Online, pp.
- -321.
References
A.CSO (African Civil Society Organisations), 2003, African Civil Society Statement to the Second Summit of the Heads of States and Governments of the African Union. Online: www.pambazuka.org/newsletter.php?id=l6l50 Retrieved July 11, 2003.
APC & CRIS (The Association for Progressive Communications and the Campaign
for Communication Rights in the Information Society). 2003, 'Involving Civil Society in ICI
Policy'. Johannesburg: STE Publishers.
African Gender Institùte & Women's Net, The Internet - Getting Connected.
Brochure.
African Gender Institute, 1998, Newsletter. Cape Town: University of Cape Town. African Gender
Institute, 2001, AGO at the Millennium - Annual Report. Cape
Town: University of Cape Town.
Agre, P.E, 1999, 'G owing a Democratic Culture-John Commons on the Wiring of Civil Society'. Paper
presented at the Media in Transition Conference, MIT, October. Online:
http://web.mit.edu/m-i-t/articles/agre.html. Retrieved on June 17, 2003.
Agre, P.E., 2002, 'Real-Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process',
The Information Society, Vol. 18 No. 31, pp. 311-331.
Ahmed, S. and C. Swart, 2003. Report on the use of ICTs by the Treatment Action Campaign.
Transcriptions of interviews conducted with TAC staff members and volunteers, 29-30 September. In
possession of author.
Alexander, N, 2003, 'New Meanings of Panafricanism in the Era of Globalisation', The Fourth Annual
Frantz Fanon Distinguished Lecture, DePaul University, Chicago, 8 October.
Appiah, K.A. H.L. Gates, 1998, The Dictionary of Global Culture, New York:
Alfred A. Knopf
Arnold, E.L. and D. C. Plymire, 2000. 'The Cherokee lndians and the Internet', in David Gauntlett,
ed., Web Studies, London: Arnold, pp.186-193.
Ashurst, M, 2001, 'Africa's Ringing Revolution', Newsweek, 27 August, pp. 14-
Axford, B., 2001, 'The Transformation of Politics or Anti-Politics?', in B. Axford and R. Huggins,
eds., New Media and Politics, London: Sage, pp. 1-29.
Baber, Z, 2002, 'Engendering or Endangering Democracy? The Internet, Civil Society and the Public
Sphere', Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp.287-303.
Balancing Act, 2003, 'Number of Black Internet Users in SA has gone up 30%, says Ananzi'. Issue
, www.balancingact-africa.com/news/currentl.html, Retrieved on October 20, 2003.
Barker, C., 1999, Television, Globalization and Cultural Identifies, Buckingham
and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Bennett, W.L., 2003, 'New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism', in
N. Couldry and J. Curran, Contesting Media Power, Rowman and Littlefield (Forthcoming).
Bond, P., 2002, 'Thabo Mbeki and NEPAD: Breaking or Shining the Chains of
Global Apartheid?', in Jacobs, S. & Calland, R. Calland, eds., Thabo Mbeki's World, Scottsville:
University ofNatal Press, pp. 53-81.
Brants, K., 2002, 'Politics is E-verywhere', Communications 27, p 00
Bray, J., 1998, 'Web Wars: NGOs, Companies and Governments in an Intemet connected World', Greener
Management International, Vol. 98 No. 24, pp. 115-130.
Bumett, R. and P.D. Marshall, 2003, Web Theory, London: Routledge. Castells, M., 2000, The Rise of
the Network Society, Oxford: Blackwell.
Conradie, D.P.; Morris, C; and S.J. Jacobs, 2003, 'Using Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT) for Deep Rural Development in South Africa', Communication, Vol. 29 Nos. 1&2, pp. 199-217.
Dawson, M., 2003, 'From Brazil to India: Lessons from WSF III', in: Debate -
Voices /rom the South African Left, Vol. 9, pp. 27-30.
Della Porta, D. and M. Diani, 1999, Social Movements -An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell.
Duncan, J., 2003, 'Another Joumalism is Possible: Critical Challenges for the media in South
Africa'. Centre for Civil Society Harold Wolpe Lecture, http:/
/www.nu.ac.za/, Retrieved on January 29, 2004.
Forrest, D., 2003, 'Social Movements: "Ultra-left" or "global citizens"?', Mail Guardian, 31
Fébruary, pp. 9-11.
Geffen, N., 2003, 'Persona! communication with author', TAC offices, Muizenberg, Cape Town, May 22.
Gurak, L.J. and J. Logie, 2003, 'Internet Protests, from Text to Web', in M. McCaughey and M.D.
Ayers, Cyberactivism - Online Activism in Theory and Practice, New York & London: Routledge, pp.
-46.
Gurak, L.J., 1999, 'The Promise and the Peril of Social Action in cyberspace', In
M.A. Smith and P. Kollock, eds., Communities in Cyberspace, London & New York: Routledge, pp.
-263.
Haffajee, F. and V. Robinson, 2003, 'Power to the people', Mail & Guardian, 13 May, p. 31.
Heywood, M., 2003, 'TAC: Building a Community Movement', in Debate - Voices
/rom the South African Left, Vol. 9, pp. 4-6.
Jacobs, S., 2"ù04, 'Public Sphere, Power and Democratic Politics: Media and Policy Debates in
Post-Apartheid South Africa', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of London, Birkbeck College.
Jensen, M., 2002, 'Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) inAfrica
-A Status Report', Presented to the Third Task Force Meeting, United Nations Headquarters, 30
September - l October. Online: http://www.unicttaskforce.
org/thirdmeeting/documents/jensen%20v6.doc Retrieved on Novemner 11, 2002.
Jones, S., ed., 2003, Encyc/opedia of New Media, Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Kidd, D., 2003, 'Indymedia.org -A New Communications Commons', in M. McCaughey and M.D. Ayers,
Cyberactivism - Online Activism in Theory and Practice, New York & London: Routledge, pp. 47-69.
Kindra, J., 2003, 'Wooing the working class', Mail & Guardian, 23 May,p. 6. Koman, R., 2003, Email
communication on Global Knowledge for Development Email List. Gkd@phoenix.edc.org
Lax, S. 2000. 'The Internet and Democracy', in D. Gauntlett, ed., Web.Studies,
London: Arnold, pp. 159-169.
Lister, M.; Dovey, J.; Giddings, S.;Grant, I.; and K. Kelly, 2003, New Media: A Critical
Introduction, London & New York:.Routledge.
Loomba, A., 1998, Colonia/ism/Postcolonialism, London: Routledge. Mallapragada, M., 2000, 'The
Indian Diaspora in the USAandAround the Web',
In David Gauntlett, ed., Web Studies, London: Arnold.
Mason, A., 2001, 'The Role of Civil Society in the Development of Democratic Media in Southern
Africa: The Namibian Example ', in K. Tomaselli and H. Dunn, eds., 2001, Media, Democracy and
Renewal in Southern Africa, eds., Colorado Springs: International Academic Publishers Ltd, pp.
-98.
Mayhew, K., 2003, 'Cellphones are used to fight disease in remote areas', Business Day, 12
September, http://www.bday.co.za/bday/content/direct/ l,3523,1431147-6078-0,00.html. Retrieved on
October 17, 2003.
Mbeki, T., 2003, Address at the South African National Editors' Forum on the
Media, AU, Nepad and Democracy: Johannesburg, 12 April, 2003, http:// www.sanef.org.za/. Retrieved
on December 06, 2003.
Morgan, N., 2003, Email communication in posession of author.
Mutume, G, 2003, Africa takes on the digital
www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/voll7no3/l 73tech.htm Retrieved on October 31, 2003.
Nakamura, L., 2002, Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and ldentity on the Internet,
London: Routledge.
Nedstatbasic, 2003a, Page view statistics: TAC, http://www.nedstatbasic.net/.
Retrieved on March 25, 2003.
Nedstatbasic, 2003b, Page view statistics: TAC,:http://www.nedstatbasic.net/.
Retrieved on November 18, 2003.
Negus, K.and P. Român-Velâzquez, 2000, 'Globalization and Cultural Identities', in James Curran and
Michael Gurevitch, eds.3, Mass Media and Society, London: Arnold.
Nepad (New Patnership for Africa's Development), 2003, 'Infrastructure Short Term Action Plan
(STAP)- Review oflmplementation Progress and the Way Forward'.
Obasanjo, O., 2003, 'Progress Report to the Second Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Heads of
State and Govemment of the African Union'.
Okoth, F.m 2003, 'Methodological Issues in the Study of Digital Media and Perceptions of Civil
Society in Urban Kenya and Zambia', Unpublished paper. Phatam (Pan-African HIV/Aids Treatment
Access Movement), 2002, Declaration of Action,
http://www.tac.org.za/newsletter/2002/ns25_08_2002.txt Retrieved
on November 12, 2003.
Porter, M. E., 2003, 'Profits are on the line when you devise an Internet strategy'.'Sunday Times Business Times, 11 May, p. 2.
R.edding, C.G, 2003, 'Anti-Aids Drugs to South Africa: An Argument for Global
Community', www.codesria.org/links/conferences/hiv-aids/redding.pdf, Retrieved on July 10, 2003.
R.heingold, H., 2003, 'From the Screen to the Streets', In These Times, 28 October,
www.inthesetimes.com/, Retrieved on October 31, 2003.
R.yklief, S., 2002, 'Does the emperor really have no clothes?: Thabo Mbeki and
ideology', in Jacobs, S. Jacobs and R. Calland, eds., Thabo Mbeki's World,
Scottsville: University of Natal Press, pp. 105-120.
SASF (Southern African Social Forum), 2003, Organizations, http://
earth.prohosting.com/sasf2003/0rganizations.htm, Retrieved on November 11, 2003.
Sangonet (Southern African NGO Network). 2003. News and Events. Online:
http://www.sn.apc.org/corporate/news/news_frameset.html, Retrieved on November 18, 2003.
Slevin, J., 2000, The Internet and Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Stones, L., 2003, 'Cellphone solution for internet', Business Day 9 October, http:/
/www.bday.eo.za/, Retrieved on October 17, 2003.
Struwig, J and J. Conradie, 2003, 'Internet applications in the political sphere: perceptions and
views of political institutions in South Africa', Communication Vol. 29 Nos. 1&2, pp.: 250-264.
TAC: TreatmentAction Campaign, 2003a, www.tac.org.za/various articles.
Tilly, C., 1993, 'Social Movements enter the Twenty-first Century', Paper presented at the
conference on Contentious Politics and the Economie Opportunity Structure: Mediterranean
Perspectives, University of Crete, Rethimno, October 17-18, 2003
Iomlinson, J., 1999, Globalisation and Culture, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Van Kessel, I., 2000, 'Grassroots: From Washing Lines to Utopia', in L. Switzer and M. Adhikari,
eds., South Africa's Resistance Press -Alternative Voices in the Last Generation under Apartheid,
Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, pp. 283-326.
Wasserman, H. and A.S. De Beer, 2003, 'E-governartce and e-publicanism - preliminary perspectives
on the role of the internet in SouthAfrican democratic processes', Paper presented at the
convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas City, USA.
August.
Wasserman, H., 2003a, 'Post-apartheid media debates and the discourse of identity', Ecquid Novi
Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 217-223.
Wasserman, H., 2003b, 'New Media in a New Democracy: An Exploration of the Potential of the
Internet for Civil Society Groups in South Africa', in K. Sarikakis, and D. Thussu, eds.,
Ideo/ogies of the Internet, Hampton Press (Forthcoming).
Wasserman, H., 2003c, 'Dial-up identity: SouthAfrican languages in cyberspace', in H. Wasserman,
and S. Jacobs, eds., Shifting Selves: Postapartheid Essays rin Media, Culture and Identity, Cape Town: Kwela.
Webcheck Newsbrief, 2001, May,www.webchek.co.za, Retrieved on September
, 2001.
Wood, H., 1997, 'Hawaiians in Cyberspace', First Online Conference on Postcolonial Theory,
www.fas.nus.edu.sg/staff/conf/poco/paper2.html, Retrieved on June 20, 2002.and A. Zegeye, Culture in the New South Africa, Cape Town: Kwela Books md SA History Online, pp.
-321.