3 - Globalisation and Industrial Performance in Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Ifeanyi Onyeonoru
Africa Development,
Vol. 28 No. 3-4 (2003): Africa Development
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the neo-liberal globalisation of African economies on industrial performance in Nigeria. Evidence from the study indicates that, contrary to claims by the World Bank, the economic performance of firms in the manufacturing sector during the globalisation period in the study was adversely affected by the process. The study confirms the position that the globalisation project that aims at the structural economic transformation of modern capitalist relations in Africa is associated with a process of de industrialisation. On the basis of conclusions from the study, the author highlights critical lessons for African countries - the need to be critical in the implementation of the IMF/World Bank open-economy, and the 'hands off market-driven, non interventionist development model premised on Adams Smith's 'invisible hand'.
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- Adedeji, A., 1990, The Africa11 Alternative: Putting the People First,Addis Ababa:United Nations Economie Commission for Africa.
- Adesina, J. O., 1991, 'Workers in Nigeria 's Social Development Experience: A Critique ofCurrent Mythologies', Afi-ica Development, Vol. XVI, No 2.
- Adesina, J. O., 1994, Labour in the Explanation of an A/i·ican Crisis, Dakar: CODESRJA.
- Association of Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Employers (AFBTE), 1989, Annual Reports and Accounts.
- Association of Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Employers, 1992/93, Annual Reports and Accounts.
- AFBTE At Ten, 1990, A Publication of the I 0th Anniversa,y of the Association ofFood, Beverage and Tobacco Employers.
- Aina, T. A., 1997, Globalization and Social Policy in A/i-icu: Issues and Research Directions, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Ajakaiye, O., 1997, 'The Structural Adjustment Programme and Changes in the Structure of Production in Nigeria, 1986-94', NCEMA Monograph Series, No 9. Bangura, Y., 1991, ·Structural Adjustment And De-industrial ization in Nigeria: 1986-1988)', A/i-ica Dei·elopment, Vol. XVI, No. 2.
- Beckman, B., 1990, 'Empowerment or Repression? The World Bank and the Politics of African Adjustment', Paper presented at a Symposium on the Social and Political Context of Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa organ ised Jointly by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, The Scandanavian Institute of African Studies and the Chr.
- Michelsen Insti tute, Bergen, Norway, I 7- I 9 October.
- Birdsall, N., Ross, O., and Sabot, R., I 995, 'Inequality and Growth Reconsidered',The World Bank Economie Review, September, No. 3, Vol. 9.
- Brautigam, O., I 997, 'Comments on "What Can Developing Countries Leam From EastAsian Economie Growth?" by Takatoshi lto', in Boris Pleskovic and JosephE. Stiglitz, Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economies,
- Washington D.C.: World Bank.
- Bruno, M., 1976, 'The Two Sector Open Economy and the Real Exchange Rate',American Economie Review, September.
- Burell, G, and Morgan, G., 1979, Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, London: Heineiman.
- Corden, M., 1977, •Inflation Exchange Rate and the World Economy ', Lectures on International Monetary Economies, Chicago, Illinois University of Chicago.
- Chikhi, S., 1991, 'De-industrialization et Crise de societe en Algerie', Aji·ica Development, Vol. XVI, No 2.
- Crotty, J., 2000, 'Structural Contradictions of the Neo-Iiberal Regime', Review of Radical Political Economies, Vol 32, 3, 361-368.
- Culpeper, R., 1997, •Introduction', in Culpeper R., Beny A., and Steward, F., eds.,
- Global Development Fifiy Years After Bretton Woods, Houndsmill: Macmillan Press.
- Demery, L., and Squire, L., 1996, 'Macro-economic Adjustment and Poverty inAfrica: an Emerging Picture', The Wor!d Bank Research Observer, Vol. 1 I, No. 1. Edwards, S., 1989, 'Taritfs, Capital Controis and Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate',
- Canadian Journal of Economies, 2 (February).
- Federation of Nigeria, National Development Plan(/ 962-1968), Lagos, Govem ment Printer.
- George, S., 1992, The Debt Boomerang: How Third WorldDebt Harms Us Ail, San Francisco: Westview Press.
- Gibbon, P., 1990, 'Structural Adjustment and Pressures Toward Multipartism in Sub-SaharanAfrica', Paperpresented at a symposium on the Social and Political Context of Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa, organised jointly by the UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD},
- The Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) in Bergen Norway, 17-19 October.
- Gibbon, P., 1995, 'Towards a Political Economy of the World Bank', in T. Mkandawire and A.
- Olukoshi, eds., Betweeen liberalization and Oppres sion: The Politics o/Structural Adjustment in A/i-ica, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Giddens, A., 1990, The Consequences o/Modernitr, Cambridge, PolityPress. Giddens, A.,1991, Modernit.1· and Self"fde11tit.1', Cambridge, Polity Press.
- Gwynne, R. N., and Kay, C., 2000, 'Views From the Periphery: Futures ofNeoLiberalism in Latin America', Third World Quarter/y, Vol. 21, Nol. 141-156.
- Harris, L., 1989, 'The Bretton Woods System and Africa', in Onimode, ed., The/MF, The World Bank, And African Debt: The Economie Impact, Vol. I, London: Zed Books.
- Hear, N. V., 1984, 'Organized Labourand the Recession in Nigeria, 1979-84', Paperpresented at the Conference on World Recession and the Crisis in Africa. University ofKeele, Staffordshire, 29-30 September.
- Hoogvelt, A, 1997, Globalization and the Post-Colonial World: The New Politi cal Economy of Development, Houndsmills, Macmillan Press.
- Hussain, M.N., 1995, 'The Balance-of-Payments Contraint And Growth Rate Dif ferences Among African And East Asian Economies', Economie Research Papers No. 20, African Development Bank.
- lto, T., 1997, 'What Can Developing Contries Leam From East Asian Economie Growth?', in Boris Pleskovic and Joseph E. Stiglitz, Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economies, Washington D.C., World Bank.
- Keily, R., and Marflet, P., 1998, Globalization and The Third World, London: Routledge.
- Loxley, J., 1995, 'Rural Labour Markets in an Adjusting Minerai Economy', in Vali Jamal, Structural Adjustment and Rural labour Markets in Afi·ica, Geneva, International Labour Organization.
- Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), 1989, Sample Survey of the Per formance of the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector 1987-1989.
- Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), 1992, Half Yearly Economie Review, July-December.
- ManufacturersAssociation ofNigeria (MAN), I 994, Half"Year(v Economie Revie t;July-December.
- Manufacturers Association ofNigeria (MAN), I 995, Hal{Yearly Economie Review.July-December.
- Mshomba R. E, 2000, Aji-ica in the Global Economy, London: Lynne Reiner Publishers.
- Morrissey, O., and Filatotchev, l., 2000, 'Globalization and Trade: The Implicationsfor Exports from Marginalised Economies', The Journal of Development Stud ies, Vol. 37, No.2.
- National Union of Food, Beverage and Tobacco Employees (NUFBTE), I 990, Nigerian Breweries Limited, 1989, Annual Report and Accounts.
- Obadan, M.l., 1994, 'Real Exchange rates in Nigeria: A Preliminary Study', National Center for Economie Management (NCEMA) Monograph Series No. 6.
- Obi, A.W., I 991, 'Prospects for Small Seale Industries Development Under a Structural Adjustment Programme: The Case ofN igeria', A/i"ica Development, Vol. XVI,No2.
- Ogwuma P.A. 1996. 'Nigeria 's Structural Adjustment Programme: Prospects, Chal lenges and Future Policy Options', in Beyond Structural Adjustment: Development Polic_i· Options For Nigeria the Twen(v First Centwy, Papers and Speeches at the Workshop in Memory ofOjetunji Aboyade, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
- Olukoshi, A.O., 1989, 'Impact of IMF/World Bank Pr'Jgrammes on Nigeria', in Bade Onimode ed., The!MF. The World Bank, And African Debt: The Economie Impact, Vol. I, London, Zed Books.
- Olukoshi, A.O., 1990, Nigerian Externat Debt Crisis: Its Management, Lagos, Malthouse Publishers.and Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
- Olukoshi, A.O., 1995, 'Politics of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria', in T.Mkandawire and A.
- Olukoshi, eds, Betweeen Liberalization and Oppres sion: The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Olukoshi, A.O.,1998, 'The Elusive Prince ofDenmark, Structura!Adjustrnent and the Crisis ofGovernance in Africa', NordiskaAfricanistutet Research Report, No.104.
- Onis, Z., andAysan, A. F., 2000, 'Neo-liberal Globalization, the Nation-State andFinancial Crises in the Semi-Periphery: A Comparative Analysis', Third World Quarter/y, Vol. 21, No. l, pp. 119-139.
- Onimode, B., 1989, ed., The !MF, The World Bank, And African Debt: The Eco nomie Impact, Vol. I, London: Zed Books.
- Onimode, B., 1992, A future For Africa: Beyond the Politics of Adjustment, London, Earthscan Publishers.
- Onyeonoru, Ifeanyi, 1994, Labour Relations under the Structural Adjustment Programme in Nigeria: A Study of the Nigerian Breweries Pic. and The United Bank For Africa Pic. Ph.D Thesis 5ubmitted to The Department of Sociology, University oflbadan, Ibadan.
- Pleskovic, B., and Stiglitz, J.E., 1997, Annual World Bank Conference on Develop ment Economies, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
- Sawyerr, Akilapa, 1998, 'Globalization and Social Sciences in Africa', Presidential Address at the 9th General Assembly ofCODESRIA Dakar, Senegal, Decem ber 14-18.
- Scholfe, J.A., 2000, Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
- Spybee, T., 1996, Globalization and World Society, Cambridge, Polity Press. Streeten, P., 1997, 'Globalization and Competitiveness: Implications for Development Thinking and Practice', in L. Emerij ed., Economie and Social Develop
- ment Into 21st Centwy, Washington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank Stiglitz, J. E., 1996, 'Sorne lessons from the East Asian Miracle', The World Bank Research Observer, Vol 1 1, No. 1 1.
- Theobald, R., 1994, Understanding Industrial Society: A Sociological Guide,New York: St. Martin's Press Inc.
- Thomas, H., 1995, Globalization and Third World Union, London, Zed Books. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 1999, Geneva.
- Went, Robert, 2000, Globalization: Neo-Liberal Challenge, Radical Responses,London: Pluto Press.
- w'olfson, M.H., 2000, 'Neo-liberalism and International Financial Instability', Review of Radical Political Economies, Vol 32, 3, pp. 369-378.
- Woods, N., ed., 2000, (ed.) The Political EconomyofGlobalization, Houndmills: Macmilllan Press.World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth,Washington D.C.
- World Bank, 1994, Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead,A WorldBankPolicy Research Report, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Worsley, P., 1994, 'The Nation State, Colonial Expansion and the Contemporary World Order', in Ingold T., ed., Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology, Humanity, Culture and Social L(fè, London: Routledge.
- Zanini, Gianni, 1994, 'Nigerian Structura!Adjustment Programme: Policies, lmple mentation and Impact', Address Delivered at the Weekly Seminar of Agricul tural Economies/Economies Department, University oflbadan, July 5.
- Zeleza, P.T. 1997. Manufacturing Afi-ican Studies and Crises, Dakar: CODESRIA.
References
Adedeji, A., 1990, The Africa11 Alternative: Putting the People First,Addis Ababa:United Nations Economie Commission for Africa.
Adesina, J. O., 1991, 'Workers in Nigeria 's Social Development Experience: A Critique ofCurrent Mythologies', Afi-ica Development, Vol. XVI, No 2.
Adesina, J. O., 1994, Labour in the Explanation of an A/i·ican Crisis, Dakar: CODESRJA.
Association of Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Employers (AFBTE), 1989, Annual Reports and Accounts.
Association of Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Employers, 1992/93, Annual Reports and Accounts.
AFBTE At Ten, 1990, A Publication of the I 0th Anniversa,y of the Association ofFood, Beverage and Tobacco Employers.
Aina, T. A., 1997, Globalization and Social Policy in A/i-icu: Issues and Research Directions, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Ajakaiye, O., 1997, 'The Structural Adjustment Programme and Changes in the Structure of Production in Nigeria, 1986-94', NCEMA Monograph Series, No 9. Bangura, Y., 1991, ·Structural Adjustment And De-industrial ization in Nigeria: 1986-1988)', A/i-ica Dei·elopment, Vol. XVI, No. 2.
Beckman, B., 1990, 'Empowerment or Repression? The World Bank and the Politics of African Adjustment', Paper presented at a Symposium on the Social and Political Context of Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa organ ised Jointly by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, The Scandanavian Institute of African Studies and the Chr.
Michelsen Insti tute, Bergen, Norway, I 7- I 9 October.
Birdsall, N., Ross, O., and Sabot, R., I 995, 'Inequality and Growth Reconsidered',The World Bank Economie Review, September, No. 3, Vol. 9.
Brautigam, O., I 997, 'Comments on "What Can Developing Countries Leam From EastAsian Economie Growth?" by Takatoshi lto', in Boris Pleskovic and JosephE. Stiglitz, Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economies,
Washington D.C.: World Bank.
Bruno, M., 1976, 'The Two Sector Open Economy and the Real Exchange Rate',American Economie Review, September.
Burell, G, and Morgan, G., 1979, Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, London: Heineiman.
Corden, M., 1977, •Inflation Exchange Rate and the World Economy ', Lectures on International Monetary Economies, Chicago, Illinois University of Chicago.
Chikhi, S., 1991, 'De-industrialization et Crise de societe en Algerie', Aji·ica Development, Vol. XVI, No 2.
Crotty, J., 2000, 'Structural Contradictions of the Neo-Iiberal Regime', Review of Radical Political Economies, Vol 32, 3, 361-368.
Culpeper, R., 1997, •Introduction', in Culpeper R., Beny A., and Steward, F., eds.,
Global Development Fifiy Years After Bretton Woods, Houndsmill: Macmillan Press.
Demery, L., and Squire, L., 1996, 'Macro-economic Adjustment and Poverty inAfrica: an Emerging Picture', The Wor!d Bank Research Observer, Vol. 1 I, No. 1. Edwards, S., 1989, 'Taritfs, Capital Controis and Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate',
Canadian Journal of Economies, 2 (February).
Federation of Nigeria, National Development Plan(/ 962-1968), Lagos, Govem ment Printer.
George, S., 1992, The Debt Boomerang: How Third WorldDebt Harms Us Ail, San Francisco: Westview Press.
Gibbon, P., 1990, 'Structural Adjustment and Pressures Toward Multipartism in Sub-SaharanAfrica', Paperpresented at a symposium on the Social and Political Context of Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa, organised jointly by the UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD},
The Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) in Bergen Norway, 17-19 October.
Gibbon, P., 1995, 'Towards a Political Economy of the World Bank', in T. Mkandawire and A.
Olukoshi, eds., Betweeen liberalization and Oppres sion: The Politics o/Structural Adjustment in A/i-ica, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Giddens, A., 1990, The Consequences o/Modernitr, Cambridge, PolityPress. Giddens, A.,1991, Modernit.1· and Self"fde11tit.1', Cambridge, Polity Press.
Gwynne, R. N., and Kay, C., 2000, 'Views From the Periphery: Futures ofNeoLiberalism in Latin America', Third World Quarter/y, Vol. 21, Nol. 141-156.
Harris, L., 1989, 'The Bretton Woods System and Africa', in Onimode, ed., The/MF, The World Bank, And African Debt: The Economie Impact, Vol. I, London: Zed Books.
Hear, N. V., 1984, 'Organized Labourand the Recession in Nigeria, 1979-84', Paperpresented at the Conference on World Recession and the Crisis in Africa. University ofKeele, Staffordshire, 29-30 September.
Hoogvelt, A, 1997, Globalization and the Post-Colonial World: The New Politi cal Economy of Development, Houndsmills, Macmillan Press.
Hussain, M.N., 1995, 'The Balance-of-Payments Contraint And Growth Rate Dif ferences Among African And East Asian Economies', Economie Research Papers No. 20, African Development Bank.
lto, T., 1997, 'What Can Developing Contries Leam From East Asian Economie Growth?', in Boris Pleskovic and Joseph E. Stiglitz, Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economies, Washington D.C., World Bank.
Keily, R., and Marflet, P., 1998, Globalization and The Third World, London: Routledge.
Loxley, J., 1995, 'Rural Labour Markets in an Adjusting Minerai Economy', in Vali Jamal, Structural Adjustment and Rural labour Markets in Afi·ica, Geneva, International Labour Organization.
Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), 1989, Sample Survey of the Per formance of the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector 1987-1989.
Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), 1992, Half Yearly Economie Review, July-December.
ManufacturersAssociation ofNigeria (MAN), I 994, Half"Year(v Economie Revie t;July-December.
Manufacturers Association ofNigeria (MAN), I 995, Hal{Yearly Economie Review.July-December.
Mshomba R. E, 2000, Aji-ica in the Global Economy, London: Lynne Reiner Publishers.
Morrissey, O., and Filatotchev, l., 2000, 'Globalization and Trade: The Implicationsfor Exports from Marginalised Economies', The Journal of Development Stud ies, Vol. 37, No.2.
National Union of Food, Beverage and Tobacco Employees (NUFBTE), I 990, Nigerian Breweries Limited, 1989, Annual Report and Accounts.
Obadan, M.l., 1994, 'Real Exchange rates in Nigeria: A Preliminary Study', National Center for Economie Management (NCEMA) Monograph Series No. 6.
Obi, A.W., I 991, 'Prospects for Small Seale Industries Development Under a Structural Adjustment Programme: The Case ofN igeria', A/i"ica Development, Vol. XVI,No2.
Ogwuma P.A. 1996. 'Nigeria 's Structural Adjustment Programme: Prospects, Chal lenges and Future Policy Options', in Beyond Structural Adjustment: Development Polic_i· Options For Nigeria the Twen(v First Centwy, Papers and Speeches at the Workshop in Memory ofOjetunji Aboyade, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
Olukoshi, A.O., 1989, 'Impact of IMF/World Bank Pr'Jgrammes on Nigeria', in Bade Onimode ed., The!MF. The World Bank, And African Debt: The Economie Impact, Vol. I, London, Zed Books.
Olukoshi, A.O., 1990, Nigerian Externat Debt Crisis: Its Management, Lagos, Malthouse Publishers.and Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
Olukoshi, A.O., 1995, 'Politics of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria', in T.Mkandawire and A.
Olukoshi, eds, Betweeen Liberalization and Oppres sion: The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Olukoshi, A.O.,1998, 'The Elusive Prince ofDenmark, Structura!Adjustrnent and the Crisis ofGovernance in Africa', NordiskaAfricanistutet Research Report, No.104.
Onis, Z., andAysan, A. F., 2000, 'Neo-liberal Globalization, the Nation-State andFinancial Crises in the Semi-Periphery: A Comparative Analysis', Third World Quarter/y, Vol. 21, No. l, pp. 119-139.
Onimode, B., 1989, ed., The !MF, The World Bank, And African Debt: The Eco nomie Impact, Vol. I, London: Zed Books.
Onimode, B., 1992, A future For Africa: Beyond the Politics of Adjustment, London, Earthscan Publishers.
Onyeonoru, Ifeanyi, 1994, Labour Relations under the Structural Adjustment Programme in Nigeria: A Study of the Nigerian Breweries Pic. and The United Bank For Africa Pic. Ph.D Thesis 5ubmitted to The Department of Sociology, University oflbadan, Ibadan.
Pleskovic, B., and Stiglitz, J.E., 1997, Annual World Bank Conference on Develop ment Economies, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Sawyerr, Akilapa, 1998, 'Globalization and Social Sciences in Africa', Presidential Address at the 9th General Assembly ofCODESRIA Dakar, Senegal, Decem ber 14-18.
Scholfe, J.A., 2000, Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
Spybee, T., 1996, Globalization and World Society, Cambridge, Polity Press. Streeten, P., 1997, 'Globalization and Competitiveness: Implications for Development Thinking and Practice', in L. Emerij ed., Economie and Social Develop
ment Into 21st Centwy, Washington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank Stiglitz, J. E., 1996, 'Sorne lessons from the East Asian Miracle', The World Bank Research Observer, Vol 1 1, No. 1 1.
Theobald, R., 1994, Understanding Industrial Society: A Sociological Guide,New York: St. Martin's Press Inc.
Thomas, H., 1995, Globalization and Third World Union, London, Zed Books. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 1999, Geneva.
Went, Robert, 2000, Globalization: Neo-Liberal Challenge, Radical Responses,London: Pluto Press.
w'olfson, M.H., 2000, 'Neo-liberalism and International Financial Instability', Review of Radical Political Economies, Vol 32, 3, pp. 369-378.
Woods, N., ed., 2000, (ed.) The Political EconomyofGlobalization, Houndmills: Macmilllan Press.World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth,Washington D.C.
World Bank, 1994, Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead,A WorldBankPolicy Research Report, New York: Oxford University Press.
Worsley, P., 1994, 'The Nation State, Colonial Expansion and the Contemporary World Order', in Ingold T., ed., Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology, Humanity, Culture and Social L(fè, London: Routledge.
Zanini, Gianni, 1994, 'Nigerian Structura!Adjustment Programme: Policies, lmple mentation and Impact', Address Delivered at the Weekly Seminar of Agricul tural Economies/Economies Department, University oflbadan, July 5.
Zeleza, P.T. 1997. Manufacturing Afi-ican Studies and Crises, Dakar: CODESRIA.