2 - La gouvernance économique: quelles incidences sur le développement au Congo-Brazzaville?
Corresponding Author(s) : Mathias Marie A. Ndinga
Africa Development,
Vol. 27 No. 1-2 (2002): Africa Development
Abstract
After defining the concept of economic governance, this article compares Congo Brazzaville's performance in terms of economic growth and the population's well-being before and after the launching of reforms and then assesses the impact of governance on the levels of performance. The analysis came up with the following major conclusions: (i) in spite of the poor political and administrative governance that characterised the 1991-1999 period, the economic governance indicators sometimes attained a level higher than that of the first period. This, for instance, pertains to tax ratio, investment rate, the share of educational expenditures, as well as the health sector's percentage share of the total government expenditure, (ii) Similarly, from the viewpoint of the indicators for economic performance and the population's well-being, one notices that the inequality between workers employed in the different sectors was more pronounced in the first period than in the second. Indicators such as access to health services, safe drinking water and sanitation, are at their highest level in the second period more than in the first level, (iii) Finally, the impact of governance on growth and the people's well-being is generally more significant in the second period than in the first.
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- Azam, J.-P. and Morrisson, C.,1999, Conflict and Growth in Africa , Vol. 1: The Sahel, Paris, Development Centre Studies, OECD. Banque de France, 2000, Rapport annuel de la %one franc, rapport 1999 , Secrétariat du comité monétaire de la zone franc, Paris. Banque de France, 2001, Rapport annuel de la %one franc, rapport 2000 , Secrétariat du comité monétaire de la zone franc, Paris. Barty, A.; Diarra, S.B. and Diarra, D., 1999, 'Promoting Regional Exports of Malian Rice', mimeo, African Economic Policy, Discussion Paper Number 17. Berthélemy, J.-C. and Söderling, L, 2001, The Role of Capital Accumulation, Adjustment and Structural Change for Economic Take-Off: Empirical Evidence from African Growth Episodes', World Development , Vol. 29, No.2, 2001, pp. 323-343. Bourdet, Y., 2003, A Tale of Three Countries - Structure, Reform and Performance of the Cotton Sector in Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin , forthcoming in Country Economic Reports, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Stockholm. Chambas, G.; Combes, J.-L.; Guillaumont P.; Guillaumont Jeanneney, S., and Laporte B., 2000, Mali: les facteurs de croissance à long terme, mimeo, programme de recherche sur r Afrique émergente, Paris, OCDE. CMDT, 1999, Rapport annuel de la CMDT - Campagne 1997-98, Bamako. Cockburn, J.; Siggel, E.; Coulibaly, M. and Vézina, S., 1998, 'Measuring Competitiveness and its Sources: The Case of Mali's Manufacturing Sector', Mimeo, African Economic Policy Research Report. Doré, O. and Nachega, J.-C., 2000, Budget Convergence in the W ÁEMU: Adjustment Through Revenue or Expenditure? IMF Working Paper, WP/ 00/ 109, Washington D.C. Foroutan, F., 1993, 'Regional integration in Sub-Saharan Africa: past experience and future prospects', in J. de Melo and A. Panagariya (eds), New Dimensions in Regional Integration, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Gelbard, E.A. and Leite, S. P., 1999, Measuring Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa , IMF Working Paper, WP/ 99/ 105 , Washington D.C. Guillaumont, P.; Guillaumont Jeanneney, S.; Amprou, J. and Cheick Sidibé, O., Mali, in World Bank 2001, Aid and Reform in Africa, Lessons from Ten Case Studies, Washington, D.C., The World Bank. Hernández-Catá, E., 2000, Raising Growth and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Can Be Done?, IMF Policy Discussion Paper ; PDP/00/4. Hugon, P., 1999, La %one franc à l'heure de l'euro , Paris, Karthala.
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References
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Africa Development, Vol. XXVII, Nos. 1&2, 2002 IMF, 1998, Mali - Final Decision Point Document on the Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), Prepared by the Staffs of the IMF and IDA, Washington, D.C. IMF, 1999, Mali: Selected issues and Statistical Appendix, IAÍF Staff Countņ Report No. 99/00, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. IMF, 2000a, Mali: Staff Report for the 2000 Article IV Consultation First Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility , and Request for Waiver of Performance Criteria, IMF Staff Country Report No. 00/ /^Washington, D.C. IMF, 2000b, Mali - Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) - Document for the Completion Point Under the Original Framework and Decision Point Under the Enhanced Framework , Prepared by the Staffs of the IMF and IDA, Washington, D.C. IMF, 2001, Mali: Second Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility , Second Annual Program , Requests for Augmentation and for Extension of Arrangement and Commitment Period, IMF Country Report No. 01/130, Washington, D.C. IMF, 2003, Mali: Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Coountries - Completion Point Document, IMF Country Report No. 03/61 , Washington, D.C. Kébé, D.; Diakité, L. and Djouara, H., 1998, Impact de la dévaluation du FCFA sur la productivité, la rentabilité et les performances de la filière coton (cas du Mali)', Mimeo, Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako. Kergna A.O. and Dembélé, K., 1998, 'Impact de la dévaluation du franc cfa sur la filière pomme de terre au Mali', Mimeo, Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako. Maiga, M. T.-F., 1997, Le Mali : De la sécheresse à la rebellion nomade, Paris and Montréal, L'Harmattan. Mariko, D.; Chohin-Kuper, A. and Kelly, V., 1999, 'La filière riz à l'Office du Niger au Mali : Une nouvelle dynamique depuis la dévaluation du FCFA', Mimeo, Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako. Metzel, J.; Doumbia, A.; Diakite, L. and Diarra, N.A., 1998, 'Prospects for Developing Malian Red Meat and Livestock Exports', Mimeo, African Economic Policy Research Report. Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, 2001, Trogramme pluriannuel de convergence, de stabilité, de croissance et de solidarité', Mimeo, Bamako. République du Mali, 2001a, 'Projet de lettre de politique sectorielle du coton', Mimeo, Mission de restructuration du secteur cotton, Prim ature, Bamako. République du Mali, 2001b, 'Redressement financier de la CMDT - Plan financier d'urgence. Mimeo, Mission de restructuration du secteur cotton, Primature, Bamako. République du Mali, 2002, 'Recommandations visant à renforcer le programme anti- corruption'. Mimeo, Secrétariat Général de la Présidence et Bureau de la Banque Mondiale au Mali, Bamako. Sachs, J., 2001, Tropical Underdevelopment , NBER Working Paper 8119, National Bureau of Economic Research. Serra, R, 1999, Creating a Framework for Redudng Poverty: Institutional and Process Issues in National Poverty Policy in Selected African Countries - Mali Countņ Study , Report for the SPA Working Group on Poverty and Social Policy, IDS, University of Sussex, Brighton.
Y ves Bourdet: Economic Reforms and the Malian Economy 61 Serra, R., 2001, Tro-Poor Governance Reforms in Mali: A First Assessment*. Mimeo, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge. Subramanian, A. and Tamirisa, N., 2001, 'Africa's Trade Revisited', IMF Working Paper, WP/01/34. Traore, O. N. and Tall, C. O., 2000, 'Analyse économétrique des recettes et des dépenses de la commercialisation du coton par la CMDT, Mémoire de fin d'études', Ecole Nationale d'Administration, Bamako. UEMOA, 2000, Rapport semestriel d'exécution de la surveillance multilatérale , Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine, La Commission, Décembre 2000, Ouagadougou. World Bank, 1999, Cotton Policy Brief, A quarterly newsletter of the World Bank on cotton sector policy reform and implementation issues, Tune 1999. World Bank, 2000, Cotton Policy Brief A quarterly newsletter of the World Bank on cotton sector policy reform and implementation issues, March 2000. World Bank, 2001, African Development Indicators 2001 , Washington, D.C., The World Bank