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Articles · Vol. 35 No 4 (2010): Afrique et développement

Internet and the Egyptian Public Sphere

https://doi.org/10.4314/ad.v35i4.70223

  • Omnia Mehanna
    Omnia Mehanna
    Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Email: omniam@hotmail.com
    Ses articles →
Vol. 35 · 2010 N°4 Afrique et développement AD

Résumé

L’Internet offre à de nombreux acteurs de la société des moyens de présenter et d’agiter des débats d’idées qu’il n’est pas possible ou facile d’aborder, en particulier dans les sociétés aux façades conservatrices comme celle de l’Egypte. Le nombre d’internautes en Egypte avait atteint 8,6 millions en mars 2008. Cela signifie que plus de 10 pour cent de l’ensemble de la population a accès à l’Internet. Ce nombre est le troisième plus important en Afrique et représente environ 17 pour cent du nombre total d’utilisateurs d’Internet en Afrique.

Mettant à profit la possibilité d’un accès accru à l’Internet et la sécurité de l’anonymat offert à ceux qui le souhaitent par ce moyen de communication, de plus en plus d’Egyptiens se sont mis à utiliser l’Internet pour obtenir des informations et s’engager dans des discussions politiques, sociales et religieuses. Cette nouvelle sphère publique virtuelle en Egypte n’est ni tout à fait virtuelle, ni tout à fait réelle.

L’Internet permettait de profiter des chances accrues de se mettre en réseau, de former des alliances et de s’adresser au public. Cela s’est traduit par l’émergence d’une sorte de média alternatif gérée par des professionnels, des semi-professionnels et des amateurs. Et tout aussi important, de plus en plus de blogs et de sites web ont commencé à aborder des questions sociales et religieuses très controversées.

Cet article qui porte essentiellement sur les sites web et les blogs explore les nouvelles tendances auxquelles l’Internet a donné naissance, ainsi que les institutions – par exemple gouvernementales et religieuses établies – dont le pouvoir de monopoliser les débats publics a été contesté par l’Internet en Egypte. L’article montre également comment l’État interagit avec ces tendances, à travers les tentatives récentes de renforcer la censure de l’Internet, et en particulier, son utilisation pour la mobilisation politique.

Internet and the Egyptian Public Sphere: https://doi.org/10.4314/ad.v35i4.70223

The Internet offers many actors in the society ways to present and raise discussion of ideas that is not possible or easy to engage in, especially in societies with conservative facades such as the Egyptian society. The number of Internet users in Egypt had reached 8.6 million by March 2008. This means that more than 10.per cent of the total Egyptian population had access to the Internet. The number of Internet users in Egypt is the third highest in Africa and represents about 17 per cent of the total number of users in Africa. By taking advantage of the opportunity of having greater access to the Internet and using the security of being anonymous, if one desired, provided by this medium of communication, increasing numbers of Egyptians started using the Internet to gain information and engage in political, social and religious discussions. This new E-public sphere in Egypt is not completely virtual, nor is it completely real.

The Internet facilitated more chances to networking, forming alliances and addressing the public. This has led to the emergence of a kind of alternative media run by professionals, semi-professionals and amateurs. And of equal importance, an increasing number of blogs and websites started addressing highly controversial social and religious issues.

This article, focusing on websites and blogs, explores the new trends which the Internet gave rise to, as well as institutions – such as government and established religious institutions – whose power to monopolise public debates has been challenged by the Internet in Egypt, till 2008. The paper also shows how the state interacts with these trends through recent attempts to increase censorship of the Internet, and in particular its usage for political mobilisation.

Mots-clés

Egypt Internet Public debates State

Statistiques

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Citations

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Biographie de l'auteur/ice

  • Omnia Mehanna

    Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Email: omniam@hotmail.com

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