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Articles · Vol. 31 No 3 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on Electoral Politic
Electoral Politics and Election Outcomes in Kenya
par Peter Wanyande
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v31i3.1131
- Publiée 2006-01-01
Résumé
Le Kenya a toujours tenu des élections présidentielles, parlementaires ainsi que des élections de renouvellement du gouvernement local tous les cinq ans depuis l’indépendance en 1963, conformément à la constitution du pays. Durant la majeure partie de la période d’indépendance, le pays a adopté un système gouvernemental à parti unique. Cette situation a changé en 1992, lorsque le pays s’est remis à la démocratie multipartite suite à l’amendement de la section concernée de la Loi sur les Elections présidentielles et celles de l’Assemblée Nationale (Presidential and National Assembly Elections Act). Le passage d’un système à parti unique à un système multipartite a bouleversé l’environnement administratif et juridique au sein duquel se déroulaient les élections. D’autres facteurs ont également exercé une certaine influence sur les élections, tels que le clanisme, la nature des partis politiques, la personnalité des hommes politiques au niveau individuel, et dans certains cas, la religion. La participation aux élections a été particulièrement forte durant la période d’élections multipartites, particulièrement lors des élections de 2002, ce qui s’explique par deux facteurs. Le premier est l’unité de l’opposition avant la période des élections ; le second est le fait que les Kenyans aient eu l’opportunité d’élire un nouveau président après 24 ans de règne du Président Moi. Moi venait d’achever son dernier mandat, conformément aux modifications des dispositions de la Loi sur les élections présidentielles (Presidential Elections Act) de 1992, qui, pour la première fois, limitait le mandat présidentiel à deux mandats de cinq ans. Les élections futures risquent fort d’être influencées par les mêmes facteurs complexes précités dans cet article.
Electoral Politics and Election Outcomes in Kenya: by Peter Wanyande
Kenya has held presidential, parliamentary and local government elections every five years since independence in 1963 in accordance with the country’s constitution. For most of the independence period the country operated a one party system of government. This was brought to an end in 1992 when the coun- try reverted to multi party democracy following an amendment to the relevant section of the presidential and National Assembly Elections Act. The change from one party to multi party system affected both the administration and legal environments in which elections occurred. Other factors that affected elections include ethnicity, clanism, nature of political parties, personality of individual politicians and in some cases religion. Voter turn out has been particularly high during multi party era and particularly more during the elections of 2002. This was due to two factors. First was the opposition unity prior to the elections and secondly the fact that Kenyans had the opportunity to elect a new president after 24 years of rule by President Moi. Moi had served his last term in accordance with the changes made to the relevant provisions of the presidential Elections Act in 1992, which for the first time limited presidential term to two five-year terms. Future elections are likely to be influenced by similar complex factors discussed in this paper.
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