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Articles · Vol. 48 No 1 (2023): Afrique et développement
The De-territorialization on Egypt’s Desert Cities: The Case of Sixth of October City
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v48i1.3035
- Publiée 2023-03-23
Résumé
Cet article examine la mise en œuvre d’idées ayant trait à la « déterritoriali- sation » des villes du Sud global dans les nouvelles agglomérations urbaines du désert entourant le Caire, en Égypte. Il répond également à l'appel à une « élaboration théorique engagée » en collaborant avec une organisation de développement communautaire locale sur une étude de cas de Sixth of October City (SOC), une nouvelle cité dans l'arrière-pays désertique du Caire. S'appuyant sur des données d'entretiens, l'article soutient qu'une certaine forme de suburbain d'inspiration occidentale en est venue à caractériser les villes égyptiennes, caractérisation qui découle de la nécessité de faire re- circuler le capital en dehors des villes existantes. Je propose trois manières de déterritorialiser ces banlieues désertiques. Premièrement, je soutiens que, dans les nouvelles cités, la gouvernance est plus axée sur la transformation territoriale que sur la gestion des populations, et que cela a abouti à ce que je qualifie d'informalité planifiée. Deuxièmement, je montre que, dans les villes nouvelles, le logement est devenu tellement financiarisé que même le logement social (soi-disant subventionné) a été intégré dans les circuits du capital. Enfin, je démontre qu'il existe une forme persistante d'inégalité dans les services et les infrastructures de base, et que la manière dont l'État régit le système de prestation de services empêche les résidents de développer des modes d'accès alternatifs, ce qui a mis fin à la capacité des personnes servir d'infrastructure.
The De-territorialization on Egypt’s Desert Cities: The Case of Sixth of October City
This article examines the application of ideas around the ‘de-territorialisation’ of cities in the global South to new desert cities surrounding Cairo, Egypt. It also responds to the call for ‘engaged theory-making’ by working with a local community development organisation on a case study of Sixth of October City (SOC), a new city in Cairo’s desert hinterland. Drawing on interview data, the article argues that a certain form of Western-inspired suburbanism has come to characterise Egyptian cities, stemming from the need to recirculate capital outside the existing cities. I propose three ways in which these desert suburbs are being de-territorialised. First, I argue that governance in the new cities is more focused on territorial transformation than on management of populations, and that this has resulted in what I describe as planned informality. Second, I show that housing in the new cities has become so financialised that even social (purportedly subsidised) housing has been integrated into circuits of capital. Finally, I demonstrate that there is a persistent form of inequality in basic services and infrastructure, and that the way the state governs the system of service provision has made it impossible for residents to develop alternative modes of access, resulting in an end to people’s ability to act as infrastructure.
Mots-clés
dé-territorialisation Égypte infrastructures logement social
Statistiques
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Citations
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