Articles · Vol. 31 No 2 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue Decentralisation and Livelihoods in Africa

6 - Compromised Co-management, Compromised Outcomes: Experiences from a Zimbabwean Forest

  • Everisto Mapedza
    Everisto Mapedza
    Alcoa Research Fellow, Centre for Environmental Policy and Governance, London School of Economics, UK.
    Ses articles →
Vol. 31 · 2006 N°2 Afrique et développement: Special Issue Decentralisation and Livelihoods in Africa AD

Résumé

Le Zimbabwe s’est embarqué dans un processus de décentralisation de la gestion de ses forêts après le succès de l’expérience de dévolution des responsabilités de gestion de la faune aux communautés locales à travers le programme CAMPFIRE. Cet article s’intéresse aux résultats de la co-gestion de la forêt de Mafungautsi, au Zimbabwe. La décentralisation à travers la co-gestion a introduit de nouveaux arrangements institutionnels ici, traduits par un déplacement des pouvoirs et des relations interacteurs. Mais à bien observer, la co-gestion en question n’a pas transféré des pouvoirs significatifs aux nouvelles institutions locales (les comités de gestion). Ceux-ci sont donc devenus plus ‘redevables’ vis-à-vis de l’administration forestière que des communautés locales, dont lesdits comités sont censés pourtant défendre les intérêts. Dans la zone de Mafungautsi, ceci a débouché sur des résultats sociaux, économiques et environnementaux négatifs. Après avoir réalisé que la co-gestion et la décentralisation ne répondaient pas à leurs aspirations et à leurs besoins, les communautés locales ont mis en place des mécanismes de résistance pour contrer les pouvoirs de l’administration forestière. Ces mécanismes englobent des feux de brousse, des incendies ‘criminels’, et le braconnage. Les résultats de Mafungautsi montrent que la décentralisation crée des institutions locales qui rendent davantage compte au gouvernement central, elle enregistre à l’inverse de médiocres résultats au niveau local.

 

Statistiques

Consultations du résumé
183
Téléchargements
59

Biographie de l'auteur/ice

  • Everisto Mapedza

    Alcoa Research Fellow, Centre for Environmental Policy and Governance, London School of Economics, UK.

Références

  1. Akapelwa, J.S., 1996, ‘National Report on the Forestry Policy of Zambia’, FAO Forestry 132, Rome, FAO.
  2. Alexander, J. and McGregor, J., 1996, ‘“Our sons didn’t die for animals”: Attitudes to Wildlife and
  3. the Politics of Development: CAMPFIRE in Nkayi and Lupane Districts’, Paper presented at the
  4. international conference on the Historical Dimensions of Democracy and Human Rights in Zimbabwe,
  5. -14 September, Harare, Zimbabwe.
  6. Alexander, J. and McGregor, J., 2000, ‘Wildlife and Politics: CAMPFIRE in
  7. Zimbabwe’, Development and Change, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 605-627.
  8. Baker, S., 1997, ‘Development of the Resource Sharing Concept in Zimbabwe’, Paper presented at the
  9. Mafungabusi Resource Sharing National Seminar, Kadoma Ranch Motel, 9-11 April, Kadoma, Zimbabwe.
  10. Banerjee, A. K., 1996, ‘Some observations on community forestry’, Wastelands News, Vol. 11, pp. 43-48.
  11. Bazaara, N., 2002, ‘From Despotic to Democratic Decentralisation in Uganda: A History of
  12. Accountability and Control over Nature’, Paper presented at the Centre for Basic Research Seminar,
  13. October, Kampala, Uganda.
  14. Bazarra, N., 2006, ‘Subjecting Nature to Central Authority: The Struggle over Public Goods in the
  15. Formation of Citizenship’, Africa Development, Vol. XXXI, No. 2.
  16. Beckerman, W., 1995, Small Is Stupid, London, Duckworth.
  17. Beinhart, W., 1984, ‘Soil Erosion, Conservation and Ideas about Development: A Southern African
  18. Exploration 1900-1960’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 52-83.
  19. Beinhart, W., 1989, ‘The Politics of Colonial Conservation’, Journal of Southern African Studies,
  20. Vol. 15, No.2, pp. 143-162.
  21. Berkes, F., 2002, ‘Cross-Scale Institutional Linkages: Perspectives from the Bottom Up’, in T.
  22. Dietz, N. Dolsak, E. Ostrom and P.C. Stern, eds., The Drama of the Commons, Washington, National
  23. Research Council, pp. 293-321.
  24. Borrini-Feyerbend, G., Farvar, M.T., Nguinguri, J.C., and Ndangang, A.V., 2000, Co-management of
  25. Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning- by-doing, Yaoundé, GTZ and IUCN.
  26. Brockington, D., 2002, Fortress Conservation: The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve,
  27. Tanzania, Oxford, James Currey.
  28. Bromley, D. and Cernia, M., 1989, The Management of Common Property Natural Resources and some
  29. Conceptual Fallacies, Washington, World Bank.
  30. Central Statistical Office (CSO), 1994, Census 1992: Provincial Profile: Midlands, Harare, CSO.
  31. Conyers, D., 1990, ‘Decentralisation and Development Planning: A Comparative Perspective’, in K.H.
  32. Wekwete and P. de Valk, eds., Decentralising for Participatory Planning: Comparing the Experiences
  33. of Zimbabwe and other Anglophone Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, Aldershot, Avebury Press.
  34. Conyers, D., 2001, ‘Whose Elephants Are They? Decentralisation of Control over Wildlife Management
  35. through the CAMPFIRE Programme in Binga District, Zimbabwe’, Environmental Governance in Africa
  36. Programme, Washington, WRI.
  37. Conyers, D., 2003, ‘Decentralisation in Zimbabwe: A local perspective’, Public Administration and
  38. Development, Vol. 23, pp. 115-124.
  39. Fairhead, J. and Leach, M., 1995, ‘False Forestry History, Complicit Social Analysis: Rethinking
  40. Some West African Environmental Narratives’, World
  41. Development, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 1023-1035.
  42. Fairhead, J. and Leach, M., 1996, ‘Rethinking the Forest-Savanna Mosaic: Colonial Science and its
  43. Relics in West Africa’, in M. Leach, and R. Mearns, eds., The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received
  44. Wisdom on the African Environment, Oxford, James Currey, pp. 105-121.
  45. Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B.J., and Acheson, J.M., 1990, ‘The Tragedy of the Commons:
  46. Twenty-two years later’, Human Ecology, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1- 19.
  47. Ferguson, J., 1990, The Anti-Politics Machine, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.
  48. Forsyth, T., 2003, Critical Political Ecology: The Politics of Environmental Science, London, Routledge.
  49. Goodman, G., 1985, ‘Energy and Development: Where Do We Go From Here?’,
  50. Ambio, Vol. 14, pp. 186-89.
  51. Grzimek, B., 1960, Serengeti Shall not Die, London, Hamish Hamilton. GSRMP, 1994, ‘Gokwe South
  52. Rural Mater Plan’, Gokwe, Gokwe South RuralDistrict Council.
  53. Guillet, D., 2002, ‘Co-Management of Natural Resources: The Long View from Northwestern Spain’,
  54. Environment and History, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 217-236.
  55. Hanley, N. and Atkinson, G., 2003, ‘Economics and Sustainable Development’, in F. Berkhout, M.
  56. Leach, and I. Scoones, eds., Negotiating Environmental Change, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
  57. Hardin, G., 1968, ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’, Science, Vol. 162, No. 13, pp.1243-48.
  58. Hobart, M., 1993, An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance, London, Routledge.
  59. Hobley, M., 1996, Participatory Forestry: The Process of Change in India and Nepal, London, ODI
  60. (Overseas Development Institute).
  61. Hulme, D. and Infield, M., 2001, ‘Community Conservation, reciprocity and parks- people
  62. relationship, Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda’, in D. Hulme, and
  63. M. Murphree, eds., African Wildlife and Livelihoods, Oxford, James Currey,pp. 106-130.
  64. Hulme, D. and Murphree, M., eds., 2001, African Wildlife and Livelihoods: The Promise and
  65. Performance of Community Conservation, Oxford, James Currey. Jentoft, S., 1989, ‘Fisheries
  66. co-management’, Marine Policy, Vol. 13, pp. 137-54.
  67. Jones, B., 2001, ‘The Evolution of a Community-based Approach to Wildlife Management at Kunene,
  68. Namibia’, in D. Hulme and M. Murphree, eds., African Wildlife and Livelihoods, Oxford, James Currey, pp. 160-76.
  69. Kangwana, K. and Mako, R. O., 2001, ‘Conservation, Livelihoods and the Intrinsic Value of Wildlife:
  70. Tarangare National Park, Tanzania’, in D. Hulme and Murphree, M., eds., African Wildlife and
  71. Livelihoods, Oxford, James Currey,pp. 148-59.
  72. Leach, M. and Mearns, R., 1996, The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received
  73. Wisdom on the African Environment, Oxford, James Currey.