Articles · Vol. 31 No 1 (2006): Afrique et développement

1 - The Land Act (1998) and Land Tenure Reform in Uganda

DOI: 10.4314/ad.v31i1.22248

  • Juma Anthony Okuku
    Juma Anthony Okuku
      is a Lecturer in Political Economy, Department of Political Science, Makerere University, Kampala and a PhD candidate at The Graduate School of Public and Development Management, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and  I thank the anonymous...
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Vol. 31 · 2006 N°1 Afrique et développement AD

Résumé

Dans les sociétés agraires, la terre ne représente pas uniquement le principal moyen de génération de revenus, mais également un outil d’accumulation et de transfert de richesses entre les différentes générations. En Ouganda, elle constitue une source majeure de ressources alimentaires, d’emploi ; elle représente un impor- tant outil agricole ainsi qu’un important déterminant de l’accès des paysans aux autres ressources productives. La nature de la terre a de ce fait d’énormes impli- cations sur le processus de développement des nations. Comme le démontre l’expérience historique de l’Europe, de l’Asie, de l’Amérique Latine et de l’Afrique, le régime foncier peut soit freiner soit faciliter un changement socioéconomique dans une société donnée. La Land Act (1998) – loi relative au régime foncier dont l’objectif est de réformer le système foncier en Ouganda, constitue donc une des législations les plus complètes promulguées par le Gouvernement du Mouvement de Résistance Nationale (NRM). Ce nouveau système vise à apporter un certain soutien au développement agricole à travers l’instauration d’un marché foncier, qui assurerait ainsi une certaine sécurité foncière ainsi qu’une utilisation viable de la terre, afin de faciliter le processus de développement. Cet article aborde trois points majeurs. Tout d’abord il explique dans quelle mesure la nouvelle Land Act (1998) peut garantir la sécurité foncière à une majorité de paysans de ce pays. Il aborde également la question de la capacité de cette loi à résoudre le long conflit entre les propriétaires terriens mailo et les fermiers à bail bibanja. Troisièmement, cet article affirme que les ambiguïtés et les difficultés auxquelles cette loi est confrontée doivent être prises en compte. Cet article est basé sur une analyse textuelle des différentes législations foncières de l’histoire de l’Ouganda. La littérature exploitée révèle un certain nombre de contraintes et d’ambiguïtés concernant le processus de réforme foncière de ce pays.

 

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Biographie de l'auteur/ice

  • Juma Anthony Okuku

     is a Lecturer in Political Economy, Department of Political Science, Makerere University, Kampala and a PhD candidate at The Graduate School of Public and Development Management, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and  I thank the anonymous referees for helpful sugges- tions. The usual disclaimer applies.

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