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Articles · Vol. 32 No. 4 (2007): Africa Development

Horton Revisited: African Traditional Thought and Western Science

  • Lansana Keita
    Lansana Keita
    University of the Gambia, The Gambia and BARA, University of Arizona, USA.
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Vol. 32 · 2007 No. 4 Africa Development AD

Abstract

Over the years Robin Horton has argued for what he refers to as the ‘continuity thesis’ according to which there are theoretical similarities between African tra- ditional thought and modern Western science. Horton’s thesis stands in contrast to the standard Western anthropological appraisal of traditional African thought. The standard appraisal (Levy-Bruhl, Durkheim, Evans-Pritchard, et al.) stated that the two modes of thought were incommensurate. I argue that while the continuity thesis holds for certain aspects of African thought – empirical, proto- scientific and metaphysical – it does not apply to traditional African religious expression. My thesis here is that belief systems founded on magic, religion and their combinations should be understood as belonging to what might be referred to as general metaphysics. I argue too that if the continuity thesis is to apply to the history of thought in Africa then the more apt comparison should be between the different phases of technological and scientific thought of the West. Thus Horton’s claim that traditional African religious thought is configured accord- ing to the goals of explanation, prediction and control thereby putting it on the same epistemic plane as modern Western science is thereby rendered irrelevant. On the other hand the goal of traditional African religion like that of many other religious traditions – including those of the West – has principally been to seek a conscious communion with ancestors and anthropomorphised godheads and spiritual entities of the metaphysical realm.

Lansana Keita, University of the Gambia, The Gambia and BARA, University of Arizona, USA.

Horton Revisited: African Traditional Thought and Western Science

Au fil des ans, Robin Horton a soutenu ce qu’il appelle la « thèse de la continuité » selon laquelle il existe des similitudes théoriques entre la pensée Africaine traditionnelle et la science occidentale moderne. La thèse de Horton est à l’opposé de l’évaluation anthropologique courante en Occident de la pensée africaine traditionnelle. Selon cette évaluation courante (Lévy-Bruhl, Durkheim, Evans-Pritchard, et al.) ces deux modes de pensée sont sans rapport. Je soutiens que si la thèse de la continuité vaut pour certains aspects de la pensée africaine – empiriques, proto-scientifiques et métaphysiques – elle ne s’applique pas à l’expression religieuse africaine. Ma thèse démontre qu’il faut appréhender les systèmes de croyance reposant sur la magie, la religion et leurs mélanges comme appartenant à ce que l’on pourrait dénommer la métaphysique générale. Je soutiens également que si la thèse de la continuité doit s’appliquer à l’histoire de la pensée en Afrique, alors la comparaison la plus qualifiée doit se situer entre les différentes phases de la pensée technologique et scientifique en Occident. Ainsi l’argument de Horton selon lequel la pensée religieuse traditionnelle en Afrique est configurée en fonction des objectifs d’explication, de prévision et de contrôle, ce qui la place sur le même plan épistémologique que la science occidentale moderne, devient donc hors propos. D’autre part, la religion africaine traditionnelle comme biens d’autres traditions religieuses – y compris celles de l’Occident – a essentiellement pour but de rechercher une communion consciente avec les ancêtres et avec le divinités anthropomorphiques et les entités spirituelles du monde métaphysique.

Keywords

Continuity thesis African traditional thought African Science Horton

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Author Biography

  • Lansana Keita

    University of the Gambia, The Gambia and BARA, University of Arizona, USA.

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