6 - Locating Kenyan Media in Anti-Rape Discourse: A Feminist Critique
Corresponding Author(s) : Lyn Ossome
Revue africaine des médias,
Vol. 21 No 1-2 (2013): Revue africaine des médias, Volume 21, n° 1 & 2, 2013
Résumé
La tendance dans la plupart des médias africains à faire du sensationnel sur la violence sexuelle et sexiste soustrait cette problématique à la réalité de sa prévalence, tout en évitant l’engagement critique avec les contextes sociaux, politiques et économiques dans lesquels la violence sexuelle est exercée dans la société. Le présent article applique une analyse féministe critique à la couverture médiatique de la violence sexuelle qui a été observée à des moments clés de l’histoire politique du Kenya. L’article s’appuie sur les représentations de la violence sexuelle qui ont été rapportées dans les médias à différentes époques de la transition kenyane du colonialisme et de l’autoritarisme à la démocratie et aux élections, et à travers ces récits, essaie de construire un cadre théorique dans lequel pourrait être analysée la relation qui existe entre les femmes kenyanes et l’État (en voie de démocratisation). L’article montre que les discours contre le viol ont été produits dans les médias, mais ont servi à des fins autres que celle de promouvoir un agenda féministe, en fonction des impératifs du moment dans l’évolution politique historique du Kenya.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- African Women and Child Feature Service (2009), Media Coverage of the 2007 Post-Election Violence in Kenya, The Gender Mainstreaming Perspective: A Study of Media Monitoring, Available at: http://www.awcfs.org/dmdocuments/reports/The%20Gender%20Mainstreaming%2 0Perspective%20Study%20-%20Draft%20Report.pdf (accessed on 08 October 2013)
- Anderson, M.D., 2010, ‘Sexual Threat and Settler Society: “Black Perils” in Kenya, c.1907-30’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol. 38 (1): pp. 47-74.
- Antje, D., ‘Women’s Organisations in the Post-Conflict Situation in Kenya – Recovering Social and Political Spaces’, University of Bayreuth, pp. 14–15, < http://www.nai.uu.se/ecas-4/panels/41-60/panel-60/Antje-Daniel-Full-paper. pdf> (accessed 03 September 2012).
- Arnold-Ratliff, K., Picture Imperfect: A documentary reveals the damage mainstream media does to women, O Magazine, October 2011, p. 56.
- Brown, S., 2001, ‘Authoritarian leaders and multiparty elections in Africa: how foreign donors help to keep Kenya’s Daniel arap Moi in power’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 725-739. Commission of Inquiry into the Post-Election Violence (CIPEV) report, available at http://www.dialoguekenya.org/docs/PEV%20Report.pdf.
- Coronel, S., 2002, The Role of the Media in Deepening Democracy, from http:// unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN010194.pdf (accessed 02 September, 2012).
- Daily Nation, 16 July 1991, in Hirsch, F.S. (1994:1040).
- Hirsch, F.S., 1994, ‘Interpreting Media Representations of a “Night of Madness”: Law and Culture in the Construction of Rape Identities’, Law and Social Enquiry, Vol. 19(4): pp. 1023-1056.
- Golding, P. and Murdock, G., 2000, ‘Culture, Communications and Political Economy’, in J. Curran, M and M Gurevitch (eds.) Mass Media and Society, London: Arnold.hooks, b., 1994, Outlaw Culture:
- Resisting Representations, New York: Routledge.
- Kenya Stockholm Blog, 2009, ‘The Daily Nation’ and ‘Raila’s Stolen Presidency’, http://kenyastockholm.com/2009/03/23/the-daily-nation-and-stolen- presidency/Lloyd, M., 2007, Judith Butler, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- MacKinnon, C., 1987, Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
- MacKinnon, C., 1988, Surviving Sexual Violence, Cambridge: Polity Press. Marcus, S., 1992, ‘Fighting Bodies, Fighting Words: A Theory and Politics of Rape Prevention’, in J. Butler & J. Scott, eds., Feminist Theorize the Political, New York: Routledge.
- Meehan, R.E., and E. Riordan, 2002, Sex and Money: Feminism and Political Economy in the Media, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Mitchell, R.P. and J. Schoeffel, 2003, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, London: Vintage Books.
- Nzomo, M., 1993, ‘The Gender Dimension of Democratization in Kenya: Some International Linkages’, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 18(1): pp. 61-73.
- Ogola, G., 2011, ‘The Political Economy of the Media in Kenya: From Kenyatta’s Nation-Building Press to Kibaki’s Local-Language FM Radio’, Africa Today, Vol. 57(3): pp. 76-96.
- Ossome, L., 2011, Negotiating Feminist Spaces: Structural Dynamics of Sexual Violence, Politicized Ethnicity and Gender in Kenya’s Democratic Transitions, unpublished PhD thesis research proposal, Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.
- Smart, C. & B. Smart, 1978, ‘Accounting for Rape: Reality and Myth in Press Reporting’, in C.
- Smart& B. Smart, eds., Women, Sexuality and Social Control (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Steeves, L.H., 1997, Gender Violence and the Press: The St. Kizito Story, Monographs in International Studies, Africa S. No. 67.
- Straight, B., 2009, ‘Making Sense of Violence in the “Badlands” of Kenya’, Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1): pp. 21-30.
- Wanyeki, L.M., 2008, ‘Lessons from Kenya: Women and the Post-Election Violence’, Feminist Africa, Issue 10: pp. 91-97.
- Watkins, S.C. and R.A. Emerson, 2000, ‘Feminist Media Criticism and Feminist Media Practices’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, Vol. 571: pp. 151-166.
- Weekly Review, 19 July 1991, in Hirsch, F.S. (1994:1041) Yo ng, M.I., 1980, ‘Socialist Feminism and the Limits of Dual Systems Theory’, Socialist Review, Vol. 10 (2/3).
Les références
African Women and Child Feature Service (2009), Media Coverage of the 2007 Post-Election Violence in Kenya, The Gender Mainstreaming Perspective: A Study of Media Monitoring, Available at: http://www.awcfs.org/dmdocuments/reports/The%20Gender%20Mainstreaming%2 0Perspective%20Study%20-%20Draft%20Report.pdf (accessed on 08 October 2013)
Anderson, M.D., 2010, ‘Sexual Threat and Settler Society: “Black Perils” in Kenya, c.1907-30’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol. 38 (1): pp. 47-74.
Antje, D., ‘Women’s Organisations in the Post-Conflict Situation in Kenya – Recovering Social and Political Spaces’, University of Bayreuth, pp. 14–15, < http://www.nai.uu.se/ecas-4/panels/41-60/panel-60/Antje-Daniel-Full-paper. pdf> (accessed 03 September 2012).
Arnold-Ratliff, K., Picture Imperfect: A documentary reveals the damage mainstream media does to women, O Magazine, October 2011, p. 56.
Brown, S., 2001, ‘Authoritarian leaders and multiparty elections in Africa: how foreign donors help to keep Kenya’s Daniel arap Moi in power’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 725-739. Commission of Inquiry into the Post-Election Violence (CIPEV) report, available at http://www.dialoguekenya.org/docs/PEV%20Report.pdf.
Coronel, S., 2002, The Role of the Media in Deepening Democracy, from http:// unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN010194.pdf (accessed 02 September, 2012).
Daily Nation, 16 July 1991, in Hirsch, F.S. (1994:1040).
Hirsch, F.S., 1994, ‘Interpreting Media Representations of a “Night of Madness”: Law and Culture in the Construction of Rape Identities’, Law and Social Enquiry, Vol. 19(4): pp. 1023-1056.
Golding, P. and Murdock, G., 2000, ‘Culture, Communications and Political Economy’, in J. Curran, M and M Gurevitch (eds.) Mass Media and Society, London: Arnold.hooks, b., 1994, Outlaw Culture:
Resisting Representations, New York: Routledge.
Kenya Stockholm Blog, 2009, ‘The Daily Nation’ and ‘Raila’s Stolen Presidency’, http://kenyastockholm.com/2009/03/23/the-daily-nation-and-stolen- presidency/Lloyd, M., 2007, Judith Butler, Cambridge: Polity Press.
MacKinnon, C., 1987, Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
MacKinnon, C., 1988, Surviving Sexual Violence, Cambridge: Polity Press. Marcus, S., 1992, ‘Fighting Bodies, Fighting Words: A Theory and Politics of Rape Prevention’, in J. Butler & J. Scott, eds., Feminist Theorize the Political, New York: Routledge.
Meehan, R.E., and E. Riordan, 2002, Sex and Money: Feminism and Political Economy in the Media, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mitchell, R.P. and J. Schoeffel, 2003, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, London: Vintage Books.
Nzomo, M., 1993, ‘The Gender Dimension of Democratization in Kenya: Some International Linkages’, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 18(1): pp. 61-73.
Ogola, G., 2011, ‘The Political Economy of the Media in Kenya: From Kenyatta’s Nation-Building Press to Kibaki’s Local-Language FM Radio’, Africa Today, Vol. 57(3): pp. 76-96.
Ossome, L., 2011, Negotiating Feminist Spaces: Structural Dynamics of Sexual Violence, Politicized Ethnicity and Gender in Kenya’s Democratic Transitions, unpublished PhD thesis research proposal, Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.
Smart, C. & B. Smart, 1978, ‘Accounting for Rape: Reality and Myth in Press Reporting’, in C.
Smart& B. Smart, eds., Women, Sexuality and Social Control (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Steeves, L.H., 1997, Gender Violence and the Press: The St. Kizito Story, Monographs in International Studies, Africa S. No. 67.
Straight, B., 2009, ‘Making Sense of Violence in the “Badlands” of Kenya’, Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1): pp. 21-30.
Wanyeki, L.M., 2008, ‘Lessons from Kenya: Women and the Post-Election Violence’, Feminist Africa, Issue 10: pp. 91-97.
Watkins, S.C. and R.A. Emerson, 2000, ‘Feminist Media Criticism and Feminist Media Practices’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, Vol. 571: pp. 151-166.
Weekly Review, 19 July 1991, in Hirsch, F.S. (1994:1041) Yo ng, M.I., 1980, ‘Socialist Feminism and the Limits of Dual Systems Theory’, Socialist Review, Vol. 10 (2/3).