10 - The nexus of decision making, re-allocation and migration on Children orphaned and affected by HIV and AIDS: a case study of rural Lesotho
Corresponding Author(s) : Josphine Hapazari
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 24 No. 2 (2020): African Sociological Review
Abstract
AIDS has become a calamity in Africa impacting on all various groups. It presents a myriad of challenges among which is the re-allocation of children orphaned by the disease, which is the focus of this study. The study investigates the re-allocation of children orphaned and affected by HIV and AIDS with the aim of establishing how migration decisions were arrived at and the socio-economic experiences of these children. Informed by the bounded rationality theory, it employed the qualitative approach to collect data on 30 orphaned children and from 12 care givers in six villages of Leribe district, in Lesotho. The study shows that decisions resided with adult family members and the re-allocation and relocation of children affected them socially, economically and psychologically. It concludes with the suggestion that further research is needed in this complex nexus of decision-making, re-allocation and migration of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS to aid policies and interventions by the government.
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- Barros, G. (2010). Herbert A. Simon and the concept of rationality: Boundaries and procedures,
- Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 30(3): 455-472.
- Booysen, F. (2006). Out-migration in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: evidence from The Free State Province. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(4): 603-631. Clark, S.J.; Collinson, M.A.; Kahn, K.; Drullinger, K. and Tollman, S.M. (2007).Returning home to die: Circular labour migration and mortality in South Africa. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 35(69): 35–44.
- Elster J. (1999). The limits of rationality. Chicago: University of Chicago press Government of Lesotho. (2006). National HIV and AIDS Policy. Maseru: National AIDS Commission.
- Government of Lesotho. (2013). National HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan. Maseru: Government of Lesotho.
- Government of Lesotho. (2019). Continue disseminating HIV/AIDS messages- Health Minister. https://www.gov.ls/continue
- disseminating-hiv-aids-messages- health-minister/Haour-knipe, M. (2009). Families, children, migration and AIDS. AIDS Care, 21(S1): 43-48.
- Hernandez, J.G.V. and Ortega, R.P. (2019). Bounded rationality in decision–making.Current Research and Review, 2(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.15406/mojcrr.2019.02.00047 Hillman, J. (1996). The Soul’s Code: In Search of Character and Calling. New York: Random House.
- Hlabyago, K.E. and Ogunbanjo, G.A. (2009). The experiences of family caregivers concerning their care of HIV/AIDS orphans. South African Family Practice, 51(6): 506-511.
- Hosegood, V. (2009). The demographic impact of HIV and AIDS across the family and Household life cycle: implications for efforts to strengthen families in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Care, 21(1): 13-21.
- Jones, B.D. (1999). Bounded Rationality. Annual Review of Political Science, 2:297-321. Kimane, I. (2004). Update on the situation of orphaned and vulnerable children in Lesotho. Report for MOHSW. Lesotho Save the Children and UNICEF. UNICEF: Maseru.
- Leach-Lemens, C. (2018). Lesotho making strong progress towards 90-90-90 targets.http://www.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2018/lesotho-making-strong-progress-towards- 90-90-90-targets
- LePHIA. (2017). Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessment. Lesotho Summary Number AA27.
- Lesotho Times. (2016). We are a Dying Nation. http://lestimes.com/we-are-a-dying- nation/
- Lesotho UNGASS country report. (2008). Status of the national response to the 2001Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/JC1511_Gr08.Executivesummary_ en_pdf
- Mahoney, J.T. (2012). Economic foundation strategy. Urbana- Champaign: University of Illinois.
- Mudavanhu, D. (2008). The Psychosocial Impact on rural Grandmothers caring for their Grandchildren orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Masters
- Dissertation, University of South Africa. Schnarch, D. (1999).
- Passionate Marriage. Melbourne: Scribe.
- Spriggs, M. (2010). Understanding consent in Research involving children: The ethical issues.
- Parkville: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute.
- Thompson, D. (2010). Orphaned and Vulnerable children: A case in point. London: Alfreds. Tisdall, E.K.M., Davis, J.M. and M. Gallagher. (2009). Researching with Children and Young People: Research Design, Methods and Analysis. London: Sage. UN. (1989). United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of a Child. Geneva: UN.
- UNDP. (2007). The challenges of HIV and AIDS, poverty and food in security. Maseru: UNDP.
- USAID. (2013). Case Study: Community-based organizations in Lesotho provide essential services to orphans and vulnerable children.
- http://www.hivsharespace.net/system/files/2013_05_11%20MSH%20Case%20Study%20Lesotho%20CSO%20Jan%202013%20Web.pdf
- Volny-Anne, A. (2019). High prevalence of stock-outs of antiretroviral medicines in South Africa. http://www.aidsmap.com/news/may-2019/high-prevalence-stockouts-antiretroviral-medicines-south-africa
- Young, L. and Ansell. N. (2003). Fluid Households, Complex Families: The Impacts of Children’s Migration as a Response to HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. Professionalapher, 55(4): 464-79.
References
Barros, G. (2010). Herbert A. Simon and the concept of rationality: Boundaries and procedures,
Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 30(3): 455-472.
Booysen, F. (2006). Out-migration in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: evidence from The Free State Province. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(4): 603-631. Clark, S.J.; Collinson, M.A.; Kahn, K.; Drullinger, K. and Tollman, S.M. (2007).Returning home to die: Circular labour migration and mortality in South Africa. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 35(69): 35–44.
Elster J. (1999). The limits of rationality. Chicago: University of Chicago press Government of Lesotho. (2006). National HIV and AIDS Policy. Maseru: National AIDS Commission.
Government of Lesotho. (2013). National HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan. Maseru: Government of Lesotho.
Government of Lesotho. (2019). Continue disseminating HIV/AIDS messages- Health Minister. https://www.gov.ls/continue
disseminating-hiv-aids-messages- health-minister/Haour-knipe, M. (2009). Families, children, migration and AIDS. AIDS Care, 21(S1): 43-48.
Hernandez, J.G.V. and Ortega, R.P. (2019). Bounded rationality in decision–making.Current Research and Review, 2(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.15406/mojcrr.2019.02.00047 Hillman, J. (1996). The Soul’s Code: In Search of Character and Calling. New York: Random House.
Hlabyago, K.E. and Ogunbanjo, G.A. (2009). The experiences of family caregivers concerning their care of HIV/AIDS orphans. South African Family Practice, 51(6): 506-511.
Hosegood, V. (2009). The demographic impact of HIV and AIDS across the family and Household life cycle: implications for efforts to strengthen families in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Care, 21(1): 13-21.
Jones, B.D. (1999). Bounded Rationality. Annual Review of Political Science, 2:297-321. Kimane, I. (2004). Update on the situation of orphaned and vulnerable children in Lesotho. Report for MOHSW. Lesotho Save the Children and UNICEF. UNICEF: Maseru.
Leach-Lemens, C. (2018). Lesotho making strong progress towards 90-90-90 targets.http://www.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2018/lesotho-making-strong-progress-towards- 90-90-90-targets
LePHIA. (2017). Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessment. Lesotho Summary Number AA27.
Lesotho Times. (2016). We are a Dying Nation. http://lestimes.com/we-are-a-dying- nation/
Lesotho UNGASS country report. (2008). Status of the national response to the 2001Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/JC1511_Gr08.Executivesummary_ en_pdf
Mahoney, J.T. (2012). Economic foundation strategy. Urbana- Champaign: University of Illinois.
Mudavanhu, D. (2008). The Psychosocial Impact on rural Grandmothers caring for their Grandchildren orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Masters
Dissertation, University of South Africa. Schnarch, D. (1999).
Passionate Marriage. Melbourne: Scribe.
Spriggs, M. (2010). Understanding consent in Research involving children: The ethical issues.
Parkville: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute.
Thompson, D. (2010). Orphaned and Vulnerable children: A case in point. London: Alfreds. Tisdall, E.K.M., Davis, J.M. and M. Gallagher. (2009). Researching with Children and Young People: Research Design, Methods and Analysis. London: Sage. UN. (1989). United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of a Child. Geneva: UN.
UNDP. (2007). The challenges of HIV and AIDS, poverty and food in security. Maseru: UNDP.
USAID. (2013). Case Study: Community-based organizations in Lesotho provide essential services to orphans and vulnerable children.
Volny-Anne, A. (2019). High prevalence of stock-outs of antiretroviral medicines in South Africa. http://www.aidsmap.com/news/may-2019/high-prevalence-stockouts-antiretroviral-medicines-south-africa
Young, L. and Ansell. N. (2003). Fluid Households, Complex Families: The Impacts of Children’s Migration as a Response to HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. Professionalapher, 55(4): 464-79.