14 -  Empowering Women through Increased Access to Productive Resources: A Key to Gender Equality—Reflections from a Gender Institute Alumna

Mildred T. Mushunje

Issue

No. 03-04 (2023): CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 3 & 4, 2023 - Special Issue : 50th CODESRIA Anniversary

Issue Published : December 22, 2023

14 - Empowering Women through Increased Access to Productive Resources: A Key to Gender Equality—Reflections from a Gender Institute Alumna

Mildred T. Mushunje

Midlands State University; Institute of Women Social Workers

CODESRIA Bulletin, No. 03-04 (2023): CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 3 & 4, 2023 - Special Issue : 50th CODESRIA Anniversary
Article Published : December 22, 2023

Abstract

Mildred T. Mushunje. (2023). 14 - Empowering Women through Increased Access to Productive Resources: A Key to Gender Equality—Reflections from a Gender Institute Alumna. CODESRIA Bulletin, (03-04). Retrieved from https://journals.codesria.org/index.php/codesriabulletin/article/view/5510

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References

Bebbington, A. and Perreault, T., 1999, Social capital, development, and access to resources in highland Ecuador, Economic Geography, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 395–418.
Beremauro, R., Madzivire, S. and Chitsike, K., 2021, Cultural Predicaments: Cultural norms, power, control in addressing sexual and gender-based violence in rural domains in Zimbabwe, Harare: Spotlight Initiative, Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA) and the Legal Resources Foundation (LRF).
Devereux, S., 2009, Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa, FAC Working Paper No. SP06 January 2009, Brighton: Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918061.pdf
Fletschner, D., Anderson, C. L. and Cullen, A., 2010, Are Women as Likely to Take Risks and Compete? Behavioral Findings from Central Vietnam, Journal of Development Studies,Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 1459–1479. DOI: 10.1080/00220381003706510
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2011, The State of Food and Agriculture: Women in Agriculture – Closing the Gender Gap for Development, Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/i2050e/i2050e.pdf
Gugerty, M. K. 2007. You can’t save alone: Commitment and rotating savings and credit associations in Kenya, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 251–282.
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2017, Annual Report 2017: Creating Markets, Creating Opportunities, Washington DC: IFC. https://documents1.worldbank.org/ curated/en/686891507514704349/ pdf/IFC-AR17-Vol-1-Complete-for- BOD-09292017.pdf
Kabeer, N., 2001, Reflections on the Measurement of Women’s Empowerment, in Discussing Women’s Empowerment – Theory and Practice: Sida Studies No. 3,
Stockholm: Novum Grafiska AB.
Kabeer, N., 2012, Women’s Economic Empowerment and Inclusive Growth: Labour Markets and Inclusive Development, Discussion Paper Vol. 29, No. 12, London: School of Oriental and African Studies and Centre for Development Policy and Research, University of London. https://gsdrc.org/document -library/womens-economic-empowerment-and- inclusive-growth-labour-markets- and-enterprise-development/
Luttrell, C., Quiroz, S., Scrutton, C. and Bird, K., 2009, Understanding and operationalising empowerment, Overseas Development Institute, Working Paper 308, November, London: ODI.
March, C., Smyth, I. and Mukhopadhyay, M., 1999, Women’s Empowerment (Longwe) Framework, in March, C., Smyth, I. and Mukhopadhyay, M., A Guide to Gender-Analysis Frameworks, Oxford: Oxfam.
Mason, A. D. and King, E. M., 2001, Engendering development through gender equality in rights, resources, and voice. A World Bank policy research report, Washington DC: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/512911468327401785/ Engendering-development-through- gender-equality-in-rights-resources-and-voice
Ministry of Economic Planning & Investment Promotion (MEPIP), 2011, Zimbabwe Medium Term Plan 2011–2015. Government of Zimbabwe. https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/zimbabwe/zimbabwe_midtermplan-2011-2015.pdf
Mushunje, M. T., 2002, Towards Women’s Secure Land Rights in Zimbabwe, Harare: Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa.
Mushunje, M.T., 2014, Interrogating the relevance of the extended family as a social safety net for vulnerable children in Zimbabwe, African Journal of Social Work. Vol 4, No. 2, pp. 78–110.
Mushunje, M. T., 2017, The Gender Dimensions of the Utilisation of Agricultural Inputs for Food and Income Security: A Case Study of Subsistence Farming Households in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Quisumbing, A., 2003, Household decisions, gender and development: A synthesis of recent research, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Quisumbing, A. R., 2009, Beyond the Bari: Gender, groups, and social relations in rural Bangladesh, CAPRi working paper no. 96, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://ideas.repec.org/p/fpr/worpps/96. html
Quisumbing, A. R. and Maluccio, J. A., 2003, Resources at marriage and intra-household allocation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa. Oxford Bulletin of Economics
Sewpaul, V., 2013, Inscribed in our blood: Confronting and challenging the ideology of sexism and racism, Affilia, The Journal of Women and Social Work, Vol. 28, No. 2,
pp. 116–125.
Sewpaul, V., Osthus, I. and Mhone, C., 2014, Emancipatory Pedagogy and Community Work: The Teaching- Practice Nexus, Social Work/ Maatskaplike Werk, Vol. 47, No. 4. https://doi.org/10.15270/47-4-111
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), 2012, Zimbabwe: Intersectional Gender Analysis Final Report, 28 May.
United Nations (UN), 2009, Women’s control over economic resources and access to financial resources, including microfinance. Paper prepared for the 2009 World survey on the role of women in development, New York: Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Division for the Advancement of Women.
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), 2022, World Population Prospects Report.
UN Women, 2009, 2009 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Women’s Control over Economic Resources and Access to Financial Resources,including Microfinance. https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Media/Publications/UN/en/WorldSurvey2009.pdf
UN Women, 2021, Report on the UN Women Global Response to Covid-19 Policy, New York: Programme & Intergovernmental Division UN Women.
UN Women, 2022, Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The gender snapshot 2022. https://www. unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals- the-gender-snapshot-2022
UNIFEM, 2010, Corporate strategy 2008–2013. A Life Free of Violence: Unleashing the Power of Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality, Ending Violence against Women and Girls: UNIFEM Strategy and Information Kit.
World Bank, 2009, Gender and Agri- culture Sourcebook: Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth, Washington, DC: World Bank, FAO, IFAD. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/799571468340869508/pdf/461620PUB0Box3101OFFICIAL0USE0ONLY1.pdf
World Bank, 2012, World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
World Bank, 2018, Women’s Financial Inclusion and the Law, Washington, DC: World Bank Group, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1252-1_FinancialInclusion. Accessed 15 October 2023.

References

Bebbington, A. and Perreault, T., 1999, Social capital, development, and access to resources in highland Ecuador, Economic Geography, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 395–418.

Beremauro, R., Madzivire, S. and Chitsike, K., 2021, Cultural Predicaments: Cultural norms, power, control in addressing sexual and gender-based violence in rural domains in Zimbabwe, Harare: Spotlight Initiative, Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA) and the Legal Resources Foundation (LRF).

Devereux, S., 2009, Social Protection for Agricultural Growth in Africa, FAC Working Paper No. SP06 January 2009, Brighton: Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918061.pdf

Fletschner, D., Anderson, C. L. and Cullen, A., 2010, Are Women as Likely to Take Risks and Compete? Behavioral Findings from Central Vietnam, Journal of Development Studies,Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 1459–1479. DOI: 10.1080/00220381003706510

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2011, The State of Food and Agriculture: Women in Agriculture – Closing the Gender Gap for Development, Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/i2050e/i2050e.pdf

Gugerty, M. K. 2007. You can’t save alone: Commitment and rotating savings and credit associations in Kenya, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 251–282.

International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2017, Annual Report 2017: Creating Markets, Creating Opportunities, Washington DC: IFC. https://documents1.worldbank.org/ curated/en/686891507514704349/ pdf/IFC-AR17-Vol-1-Complete-for- BOD-09292017.pdf

Kabeer, N., 2001, Reflections on the Measurement of Women’s Empowerment, in Discussing Women’s Empowerment – Theory and Practice: Sida Studies No. 3,

Stockholm: Novum Grafiska AB.

Kabeer, N., 2012, Women’s Economic Empowerment and Inclusive Growth: Labour Markets and Inclusive Development, Discussion Paper Vol. 29, No. 12, London: School of Oriental and African Studies and Centre for Development Policy and Research, University of London. https://gsdrc.org/document -library/womens-economic-empowerment-and- inclusive-growth-labour-markets- and-enterprise-development/

Luttrell, C., Quiroz, S., Scrutton, C. and Bird, K., 2009, Understanding and operationalising empowerment, Overseas Development Institute, Working Paper 308, November, London: ODI.

March, C., Smyth, I. and Mukhopadhyay, M., 1999, Women’s Empowerment (Longwe) Framework, in March, C., Smyth, I. and Mukhopadhyay, M., A Guide to Gender-Analysis Frameworks, Oxford: Oxfam.

Mason, A. D. and King, E. M., 2001, Engendering development through gender equality in rights, resources, and voice. A World Bank policy research report, Washington DC: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/512911468327401785/ Engendering-development-through- gender-equality-in-rights-resources-and-voice

Ministry of Economic Planning & Investment Promotion (MEPIP), 2011, Zimbabwe Medium Term Plan 2011–2015. Government of Zimbabwe. https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/zimbabwe/zimbabwe_midtermplan-2011-2015.pdf

Mushunje, M. T., 2002, Towards Women’s Secure Land Rights in Zimbabwe, Harare: Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa.

Mushunje, M.T., 2014, Interrogating the relevance of the extended family as a social safety net for vulnerable children in Zimbabwe, African Journal of Social Work. Vol 4, No. 2, pp. 78–110.

Mushunje, M. T., 2017, The Gender Dimensions of the Utilisation of Agricultural Inputs for Food and Income Security: A Case Study of Subsistence Farming Households in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Quisumbing, A., 2003, Household decisions, gender and development: A synthesis of recent research, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Quisumbing, A. R., 2009, Beyond the Bari: Gender, groups, and social relations in rural Bangladesh, CAPRi working paper no. 96, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://ideas.repec.org/p/fpr/worpps/96. html

Quisumbing, A. R. and Maluccio, J. A., 2003, Resources at marriage and intra-household allocation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa. Oxford Bulletin of Economics

Sewpaul, V., 2013, Inscribed in our blood: Confronting and challenging the ideology of sexism and racism, Affilia, The Journal of Women and Social Work, Vol. 28, No. 2,

pp. 116–125.

Sewpaul, V., Osthus, I. and Mhone, C., 2014, Emancipatory Pedagogy and Community Work: The Teaching- Practice Nexus, Social Work/ Maatskaplike Werk, Vol. 47, No. 4. https://doi.org/10.15270/47-4-111

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), 2012, Zimbabwe: Intersectional Gender Analysis Final Report, 28 May.

United Nations (UN), 2009, Women’s control over economic resources and access to financial resources, including microfinance. Paper prepared for the 2009 World survey on the role of women in development, New York: Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Division for the Advancement of Women.

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), 2022, World Population Prospects Report.

UN Women, 2009, 2009 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Women’s Control over Economic Resources and Access to Financial Resources,including Microfinance. https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Media/Publications/UN/en/WorldSurvey2009.pdf

UN Women, 2021, Report on the UN Women Global Response to Covid-19 Policy, New York: Programme & Intergovernmental Division UN Women.

UN Women, 2022, Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The gender snapshot 2022. https://www. unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals- the-gender-snapshot-2022

UNIFEM, 2010, Corporate strategy 2008–2013. A Life Free of Violence: Unleashing the Power of Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality, Ending Violence against Women and Girls: UNIFEM Strategy and Information Kit.

World Bank, 2009, Gender and Agri- culture Sourcebook: Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth, Washington, DC: World Bank, FAO, IFAD. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/799571468340869508/pdf/461620PUB0Box3101OFFICIAL0USE0ONLY1.pdf

World Bank, 2012, World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

World Bank, 2018, Women’s Financial Inclusion and the Law, Washington, DC: World Bank Group, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1252-1_FinancialInclusion. Accessed 15 October 2023.