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Articles · Vol. 10 No 2 (2009): Identité, culture et politique: Un dialogue afro-asiatique

Freedom, Race, and Francophonie : Gandhi and The Construction of Peoplehood

  • Anil Nauriya
    Anil Nauriya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-5058 (non authentifié)
    studied at St. Stephens College, later qualifying for the Bar and has been counsel at the Supreme Court, as well as at the High Court. He has written extensively on contemporary history and politics, but his core interest remains in working on Gandhi. Some of his publications...
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Vol. 10 · 2009 N°2 Identité, culture et politique: Un dialogue afro-asiatique ICP

Résumé

Gandhi (1869-1948) a vécu en Afrique du Sud pendant 21 ans (1893-1914). Durant ces années, ses combats ont été menés contre les lois affectant la condition des Asiatiques. Mais il ne s’est pas confiné dans l’ethnicité. Cet article explore l’évolution des idées de Gandhi sur les questions raciales au-delà des luttes immédiates auxquelles il a participé. C’est au cours de ses années en Afrique du Sud que Gandhi s’est familiarisé avec le travail de pionniers tels que l’intellectuel français, Jean Finot. Cet article rend hommage à l’influence auparavant négligée de Finot sur les conceptions de Gandhi à propos des préjugés raciaux. Cette influence a favorisé la maturation du point de vue de Gandhi sur la race. En 1908, en Afrique du Sud, Gandhi en est venu à envisager une représentation non raciale de l’Afrique du Sud. Un point de vue similaire, non racial et non-confessionnel de « peuple » et /ou de « nation » influença la vision de Gandhi sur l’Inde et même sur d’autres zones comme la Guyane. Tout comme il a été influencé par des penseurs comme Finot, Gandhi lui-même a eu une influence lors des débats d’idées dans le monde francophone en particulier en Afrique. Cette contribution évoque également les réseaux de Gandhi au sein des militants anticolonialistes dans la France coloniale.

Freedom, Race, and Francophonie : Gandhi and The Construction of Peoplehood

Gandhi (1869-1948) was in South Africa for a period spanning 21 years (1893-1914). During these years his struggles were, of course, centred on laws directed against and affecting the condition of Asians. This does not mean, however, that his ideas remained ethnographically limited or confined. This article explores the evolution of Gandhi’s ideas on racial issues beyond the immediate struggles with which he was involved. It was during his years in South Africa that Gandhi first encountered the pioneering work of such thinkers as the French intellectual, Jean Finot. It is suggested here that the influence on Gandhi of Finot’s work on racial prejudice has been much neglected. This influence was an important factor in the maturing of Gandhi’s views on race. By 1908, while still in South Africa, Gandhi came to envision a non-racial concept of South African peoplehood. A similar non-racial and non-denominational view of “ people ” and “ nation ” would influence Gandhi’s definition of India and even his view of developments in other countries like Guyana. Just as he was influenced by thinkers like Finot, Gandhi himself had an ideational influence in the Francophone sphere which is also examined with particular reference to Africa. His interface with colonial France and some of its policies is also considered.

Mots-clés

Freedom race Francophonie Gandhi Construction Peoplehood

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Biographie de l'auteur/ice

  • Anil Nauriya

    studied at St. Stephens College, later qualifying for the Bar and has been counsel at the Supreme Court, as well as at the High Court. He has written extensively on contemporary history and politics, but his core interest remains in working on Gandhi. Some of his publications include The African Element in Gandhi, (2006), English Anti-Imperialism and the Varied Lights of Willie Pearson (2014), etc. He has also worked on the issue of the death penalty in India.

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