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Broadening Perceptions and Parameters for Quality Assurance in University Operations in Uganda
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v15i1.1492
- Publiée 2022-01-11
Résumé
Le présent article examine les perceptions par les parties prenantes de la qualité dans le fonctionnement des universités en Ouganda, notamment en ce qui concerne les fonctions essentielles d’enseignement, de recherche et d’engagement communautaire. Conceptuellement, les universités ont pour objectifs de transformer, moderniser et développer la science et la technologie. La revue documentaire indique que beaucoup de communautés font partie du groupe d’élite des professeurs et des étudiants qui vivent relativement isolés. Cet « environnement protecteur » est un milieu de recherche très important qui est plus fondamentale qu’appliquée et donc, pas adéquate pour les systèmes locaux et quelque peu étrangère aux membres de la communauté. Mieux, le rapport entre les résultats de la recherche et les décideurs de l’institution est minimal ou inexistant. Eu égard à cette réalité, on soutient que les initiatives d’assurance qualité (AQ) typique dans beaucoup d’universités mettent l’accent sur la mise en place d’une efficacité opérationnelle des structures conventionnelles d’enseignement et de recherche. L’étude examine l’exhaustivité des paramètres utilisés par les différentes parties prenantes pour déterminer la qualité dans et de l’enseignement universitaire. Faisant référence à l’engagement communautaire comme l’une des fonctions essentielles des universités, la présente étude examine l’importance des questions communautaires et du bien-être social dans la conception, la planification et la mise en œuvre des initiatives de l’AQ. Les approches qualitatives et quantitatives étaient utilisées pour générer les données; particulièrement, les questionnaires, les entretiens, analyse des contenus des programmes académiques et non-académiques et les revues documentaires ont été analysés. Les résultats préliminaires indiquent une forte priorité sur l’enseignement conventionnel et la recherche académique plutôt que sur les initiatives de l’engagement communautaire. La conceptualisation d’un enseignement universitaire de qualité par les différentes parties prenantes (étudiants, professeurs, administration, parents et décideurs) est influencée par les préoccupations d’efficacité et de régularité des activités dans les universités. Les activités de suivi-évaluation sont axées sur: a) l’efficacité de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage; b) la pertinence des programmes académiques par rapport aux marchés de l’emploi; c) la qualité de la recherche fondamentale; d) le nombre de publications dans les revues internationales accréditées; et e) les préoccupations relatives au classement de l’université par rapport aux autres dans le pays, la région, le continent et le monde. Le manque de priorité sur les initiatives d’engagement communautaire pourrait s’expliquer par le fait qu’un bon nombre de praticiens pourraient être des produits des mêmes structures existantes et ne pas être en mesure de détecter les disparités. Inversement, les communautés locales, au sein desquelles ces institutions fonctionnent comme des bénéficiaires immédiats perçoivent souvent les universités comme des institutions abstraites pour la super-élite, et que la « tour d’ivoire » n’est pas très applicable à la vie quotidienne des communautés locales. Il a été proposé que des débats et des dialogues soient organisés pour engager les différentes parties prenantes dans la redéfinition des attentes, des obligations et des responsabilités de l’enseignement supérieur vis-à-vis de l’engagement de la communauté.
Broadening Perceptions and Parameters for Quality Assurance in University Operations in Uganda
This article explores the stakeholders’ perceptions of quality in university operations in Uganda, specifically in terms of the core functions of teaching, research and community engagement. Conceptually, universities aim to transform, modernise and develop science and technology. A review of the literature suggests that many university communities are an elite group of professors and students who live in relative isolation. Within this ‘protective environment’ occurs a significant research milieu which is more basic than applied and, thereby, not relevant to local systems and somewhat foreign to community members. Further, the linkage between research results and institution policy makers is minimal or non-existent. In light of this background, it is argued that typical quality assurance (QA) initiatives in many universities focus on establishing operational efficiency of conventional structures of teaching and research. The study investigates comprehensiveness of parameters used by various stakeholders to determine quality in and of university education. Making reference to community engagement as one of the universities’ core functions, this study investigates whether community issues and social welfare are central in the conceiving, planning and implementing QA initiatives. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to generate data; specifically, questionnaires, interviews, content analysis of academic and non-academic programme and documents reviews were analysed. Preliminary findings reveal a stronger focus on conventional teaching and scholarly research than on community engagement initiatives. Conceptualisation of a quality university education by various stakeholders (students, lecturers, administration, parents and policy makers) is influenced by concerns of effectiveness and regularity of activities at the universities. Monitoring and evaluation activities emphasise: a) effectiveness of teaching and learning; b) relevancy of academic programmes to job-markets; c) quality of basic research; d) number of publications in accredited international journals; and e) concerns regarding ranking of the university relative to others in the country, region, continent and the globe. A lack of emphasis on community engagement initiatives could be explained by the fact that a number of practitioners could be products of the same existing structures and may not be in position to detect the discrepancies. Conversely, local communities, within which these institutions operate as expected immediate beneficiaries, often perceive universities as abstract institutions for the super-elite, and that the ‘ivory tower’ has little applicability to the day-to-day lives of grassroots communities. It is proposed that debates and dialogues should be organised to engage various stakeholders in re-definition of expectations, duties and responsibilities of higher education in relation to community engagement.
Mots-clés
communauté-engagement paramètres perceptions assurance qualité université
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