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Articles · Vol. 10 No. 1 (2012): Journal of Higher Education in Africa · Pages pp.49–71
University Expansion and the Challenges to Social Development in Kenya: Dilemmas and Pitfalls
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v10i1.1563
- Published 2012-01-31
Abstract
The phenomenal expansion of public and private universities in Kenya in recent years has opened access to thousands of knowledge-thirsty stu- dents to achieve their ambitions. Public universities in particular have been forced to diversify their programmes, establish flexible learning schedules and set up campuses away from their traditional locations. But how do cur- rent trends in higher education expansion in Kenya place the institutions in good stead to stem social exclusion and contribute to social development? To what extent is the expansion of public universities in Kenya accompanied by equity considerations and new ways of articulating the issues of class, gender and ethnicity? From being ivory towers and national development projects that were solely seen in terms of workforce development, universi- ties throughout Africa have dispersed to the rural areas both as a strategy to expand access and position themselves as business entities. However, this expansion has not been driven by the public sector. Rather, it has been driven by the private sector, with branch campuses of public universities in rural areas sometimes serving as private income generation units, outside strict public sector oversight. This article traces these developments in Kenya, pointing out the new challenges in terms of equity, quality and the existence of universities as national social institutions that have to be at the centre of social development. The article is based on a critical desk review of pub- lished and grey literature on current trends and implications of public university expansion in Kenya.
University Expansion and the Challenges to Social Development in Kenya: Dilemmas and Pitfalls
Ces dernières années, l’expansion phénoménale des universités publiques et privées au Kenya a ouvert l’accès à des milliers d’étudiants assoiffés de connaissances. Les universités publiques ont en particulier été contraintes de diversifier leurs programmes, d’établir des horaires d’apprentissage flexibles et de mettre en place des campus éloignés des sites habituels. Mais comment les tendances actuelles de l’enseignement supérieur permettent- elles de mettre en oeuvre des institutions capables d’endiguer l’exclusion sociale et de contribuer au développement social? Dans quelle mesure l’expansion des universités publiques, peut-elle s’accompagner de condi- tions d’équité et de nouvelles manières de traiter d problèmes de classes, de genre et d’ethnicité? De tours d’ivoire à de projets nationaux de développement dont elles ont été singulièrement, les universités se sont dispersées à travers l’Afrique et dans les zones rurales à la fois comme stratégie d’accès plus élargi, et comme entités commerciales. Cette expan- sion n’a cependant pas été le fait du secteur public; elle a été le résultat du secteur privé qui, avec des universités publiques délocalisées dans les zones rurales, agit parfois comme générateur de revenus, en dehors de tout contrôle du secteur public. Cet article retrace ces évolutions au Kenya, en soulignant les nouveaux défis en termes d’équité, de qualité et d’universités qui devraient être, en tant qu’institutions sociales, au centre du développement social. L’article est basé sur une analyse critique de la littérature publiée et grise portant sur les tendances actuelles et les conséquences de l’expansion des universités publiques au Kenya.
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