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Articles · Vol. 5 No. 1 (2007): Journal of Higher Education in Africa · Pages 29-44

The Role of African Universities in the Intellectualisation of African Languages

Vol. 5 · 2007 No. 1 Journal of Higher Education in Africa JHEA

Abstract

Neo-colonial language policies deriving from decolonisation have entrenched not merely the dominance but, fatefully, the hegemony of the languages of the Euro- pean colonial powers, especially that of English, which is also driven by contempo- rary globalisation processes. The intellectual and political leadership of the conti- nent has succumbed, with very few exceptions, to the forces that prevail in the linguistic markets and is reaping what Bourdieu (1984) refers to as ‘the profits of distinction’. African poverty and economic inequality are to be eradicated, or even reduced, during the twenty-first century. One of the central but least discussed is- sues that have to be addressed is the language question which is linked to the im- peratives of the democratisation of modern African states, of increasing effi- ciency and labour productivity for economic development, and of promoting individual and social equilibrium, including the enhancement of self-confidence and creativity. A general policy of promoting language equity in multilingual Afri- can societies and of developing (‘modernising’ or elaborating) African languages in the context of overall national development policies will have to be followed sys- tematically over a period of at least two generations. In this paper, the author con- siders the historical and social dynamics of African languages in high status func- tions and proposes a series of steps that will facilitate the realisation for the updated and revised Language Plan of Action for Africa, formulated and adopted by the OAU almost twenty years ago. The essay gives pride of place in this process to the African Academy of Languages (ACALAN), which is fast becoming the major point of reference in the domain of language policies for the continent.

The Role of African Universities in the Intellectualisation of African Languages

Les politiques linguistiques néocoloniales découlant de la décolonisation ont enra- ciné non seulement la prédominance, mais, de façon fatidique, l’hégémonie des langues des puissances coloniales européennes, notamment celle de l’anglais, qui est également poussé par les processus contemporains de mondialisation. Le lea- dership intellectuel et politique du continent a succombé, à quelques exceptions près, aux forces qui dominent les marchés linguistiques et est en train de récolter ce que Bourdieu (1984) appelle « les avantages de la distinction ». La pauvreté et l’inégalité économique en Afrique doivent être éradiquées, ou réduites, au cours du 21e siècle. Un des problèmes fondamentaux mais les moins discutés devant être abordé est la question linguistique. Celle-ci est liée aux impératifs de démocratisa- tion des États africains modernes, à l’accroissement de l’efficience et de la produc- tivité du travail pour le développement économique, ainsi qu’à la promotion de l’équilibre individuel et social, y compris le renforcement de la confiance en soi et de la créativité. Une politique générale de promotion de l’équité linguistique dans les sociétés africaines multilingues et de développement (modernisation ou perfec- tionnement) des langues africaines dans le contexte des politiques de développe- ment nationales d’ensemble devra être suivie de manière systématique sur une pé- riode de deux générations au moins. Dans cette étude, l’auteur considère la dynamique historique et sociale des langues africaines dans des fonctions à statut élevé et propose une série de mesures qui faciliteront la réalisation du Plan d’Ac- tion Linguistique pour l’Afrique revu et corrigé, qui a été formulé et adopté il y a de cela presque vingt ans par l’OUA. L’étude réserve la place d’honneur, dans ce pro- cessus, à l’Académie Africaine des Langues (ACALAN), qui est en train de devenir rapidement la référence principale en matière de politiques linguistiques pour le continent.

Keywords

African Universities Intellectualisation African Languages

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Author Biography

  • Neville Alexander

    Director, Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa (PSAESA) University of Cape Town, South Africa.

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