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Articles · Vol. 4 No. 3 (2006): Journal of Higher Education in Africa · Pages 1-32
Towards Academic Freedom for Africa in the 21st Century*
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v4i3.1648
- Published 2022-01-14
- 32 pages
Abstract
This paper begins by reviewing the ways in which the higher education landscape in Africa has changed significantly during the last decade as a result of the ongoing regional crisis and the changing perspectives on African higher education articu- lated within the international development arena and argues that, if the higher edu- cation crisis of the 1980s and 1990s was the result of financial conditionalities imposed through structural adjustment, then the ensuing decade has seen a global policy shift that has profoundly changed the conditions under which academic work is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the manner in which the changing, economically-driven constraints on academic freedom, institutional autonomy and conditions of service in higher educational institutions are mediated by other social conditions such as gender inequalities, the HIV/AIDS crisis, the effects of long- term brain drain and the manner in which local capacity is diverted into survivalism. I argue that higher education reforms threaten to undermine the material base for academic life by emphasising privatisation and cost recovery in contexts where poverty is a major feature of life. Exaggerated concerns with “efficiency” and “ex- cellence” lead to increased regulation and surveillance of scholarly output, render- ing academic freedom vulnerable to formulaic measures of performance that may be insensitive to the work of African academics. The paper concludes by recom- mending a programme of activities designed to re-affirm the public stake in higher education, strengthen and diversify independent scholarly work and encourage Af- rican governments to adopt policies that will strengthen the tertiary sector and en- sure an enabling environment for intellectual development and freedom.
Towards Academic Freedom for Africa in the 21st Century*
Cette contribution commence par passer en revue les changements significatifs in- tervenus dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique dans la dernière décennie en raison de la crise régionale et les dynamiques dans les perspectives de l’enseigne- ment supérieur tels qu’articulées dans l’arène internationale du développement et affirme que, si la crise dans l’enseignement supérieur dans les années 1980 et 1990 était le résultat des conditionnalités imposées par l’ajustement structurel, la décen- nie qui a suivi a connu un changement de politique qui a affecté les conditions de travail académique. Une attention particulière est portée à la manière dont les con- traintes économiques imposées à la liberté académique, l’autonomie institution- nelle et les conditions de service dans les institutions d’enseignement supérieur ont affecté les autres conditions sociales telles que les inégalités de genre, la crise du VIH/SIDA, les effets de la fuite persistante des cerveaux et comment les capacités locales ont adopté le survivalisme. Je souligne que les réformes de l’enseignement supérieur sapent la base matérielle de la vie académique en accentuant la privatisa- tion et la marchandisation dans un contexte de pauvreté. Des préoccupations exa- gérées d’ « efficacité » et d’ « excellence » ont conduit à la régulation et à la sur- veillance croissante de la production scientifique, rendant la liberté académique vulnérable aux mesures de performance qui pourraient être insensibles au travail des universitaires africains. La contribution conclut par recommander un programme d’activités destiné à réaffirmer la responsabilité publique dans l’enseignement su- périeur, renforcer et diversifier le travail universitaire indépendant et encourager les gouvernements africains à adopter des politiques qui renforceront l’enseigne- ment supérieur et assurer un environnement favorisant le développement et la li- berté académiques.
Keywords
Africa Academic Freedom institutional autonomy gender inequalities la crise du VIH/SIDA
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- Globalisation and Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa: The Challenge of Rising Xenophobia* Sichone · p. 33-53
- Les collaborations université-industrie en Afrique* Masinda · p. 55-68
- Excellence, Relevance and the University: The “Missing Middle” in Socio-Economic Engagement Perry et al. · p. 69-91