8 - Workplace Hazards and Social Positioning Efforts of Male Adolescent Labourers in Suburb Sawmills, Lagos State Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Ojo Melvin Agunbiade
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2015): African Sociological Review
Abstract
Young people with low socioeconomic background require resilience to survive in a city with
limited opportunities. Unintendedly such efforts sometimes affect their well-being. Such is
the case of adolescent dwelling in some urban suburbs across cultures. Based on sixteen faceto-
face interviews with adolescent boys working as labourers in suburb sawmills; this paper
situates the notion of boyhood and survival into adulthood within a social space. The findings
revealed conscious absorption with the notion of boyhood through certain rules of engagement
and survival measures. These strategies include self-care practices geared towards achieving a
healthy body for contextualised performance in the factory settings. However, this comes with
series of consequences as boys lived out the social notions of boyhood and rules of engagement
in activities for survival and social recognition. Hence, understanding and targeting the
positive survival strategies of this social category of adolescents could be useful to empower and
minimise the hazards of working and growing as adolescents in the physical and social spaces
of sawmills.
Keywords
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- Acuda, W., Othieno, C. J., Obondo, A. & Crome, I. B. 2011. The epidemiology of addiction in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A synthesis of reports, reviews, and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions, 20, 87-99.
- Adeogun, B. K.& Okafor, C. 2013. Occupational Health, Safety and Environment(HSE) Trend in Nigeria.
- International Journal of Environmental Science, Management and Engineering Research 2 24-29.
- Adogame, A. 2010. How God became a Nigerian: Religious impulse and the unfolding of a nation.
- Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 28, 479-498.
- Ahiauzu, A. 1984. Culture and workplace industrial relations: a Nigerian study. Industrial Relations Journal, 15, 53-63.
- Aiyeloja, A., Oladele, A. & Furo, S. 2013. Sustaining Livelihood through Sawn Wood Marketing in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Science & Nature, 4.
- Akachuku, A. 2000. Sawmilling waste in Nigeria and its effect on the environment.
- Nigerian Field, 65, 219-233.
- Akinkuotu, E. 2014. Thousands displaced as fire guts Lagos slum [Online]. Nigeria: Punch Newspaper [Accessed 03/04/2014 2014].
- Bachman, J. G., Wadsworth, K. N., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D. & Schulenberg, J.E. 2013. Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities, Psychology Press.
- Bamidele, J. O., Adebimpe, W. O. & Dairo, M. D. 2010. Pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 21, 64-69.
- Baram, M. 2009. Globalization and workplace hazards in developing nations. Safety Science, 47,756-766.
- Bello, S. R. & Mijinyawa, Y. 2010. Assessment of injuries in small scale sawmill industry of south western Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 12.
- Bode, C., Giwa, S. & Oke, D. 2000. Factory floor injury in a Lagos sawmill. West African journal of medicine, 20, 256-260.
- Braun, V. & V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in ology, 3, 77-101.
- Bronfenbenner, U. 1986. Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental psychology, 22, 723.
- Cauce, A. M., Cruz, R., Corona, M. & Conger, R. 2011. The face of the future: Risk and resilience in minority youth. Health disparities in youth and families. Springer.
- Charlton, G. S. & Barrow, C. J. 2002. Coping and self‐help group membership in Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory qualitative study. Health & social care in the community, 10, 472-478.
- Chassin, L., Pitts, S. C. & Prost, J. 2002. Binge drinking trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a high-risk sample: predictors and substance abuse outcomes. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 70, 67.
- Connell, R. W. & Messerschmidt, J. W. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity rethinking the concept. Gender & society, 19, 829-859.
- Courtenay, W. H. 2000. Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s well- being: a theory of gender and health. Social science & medicine, 50, 1385-1401.
- Cubbin, C., Leclere, F. B. & Smith, G. S. 2000. Socioeconomic status and injury mortality: individual and neighbourhood determinants. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 517-524.
- De Santis, C., Hudson, P., Lawrie, M., Shelton, C., Rose, D., Van Bergen, A., Chadwick- Jones, D. & Mitchell, E. 2007. Safety Culture:“Black Art” or “Paradigm Shift”? Houston, TX.
- Dear, M. & Wolch, J. 2014. How territory shapes social life. The power of Geography, 3-18.
- Denyes, M. J., Orem, D. E. & Bekel, G. 2001. Self-care: a foundational science. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14, 48-54.
- Ezenwa, A. O. 2001. A study of fatal injuries in Nigerian factories. Occupational Medicine, 51, 485-489.
- Fatusi, A. & Eerhabor, G. 1996. Occupational health status of sawmill workers in Nigeria.
- The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 116, 232-236.
- Fetuga, B., Njokama, F. & Olowu, A. 2005. Prevalence, types and demographic features of child labour among school children in Nigeria. BMC international health and human rights, 5, 2.
- Gardiner, J. K. 2013. Masculinity studies and feminist theory: New directions, Columbia University Press.
- Guldenmund, F. W. 2000. The nature of safety culture: a review of theory and research.
- Safety Science, 34, 215-257.
- Horn, J. 2000. Role of small-scale sawmilling in household and community livelihoods– Case studies in the Eastern Cape. IIED & CSIR.
- Kabiru, C. W., Izugbara, C. O. & Beguy, D. 2013a. The health and wellbeing of young people in sub-Saharan Africa: an under-researched area? BMC international and human rights, 13, 11.
- Kabiru, C. W., Mojola, S. A., Beguy, D. & Okigbo, C. 2013b. Growing Up at the “Margins”: Concerns, Aspirations, and Expectations of Young People Living in Nairobi’s Slums. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 81-94.
- Kohli, M. & Meyer, J. W. 1986. Social structure and social construction of life stages.
- Human Development, 29, 145-149.
- Kouabenan, D. R. 2009. Role of beliefs in accident and risk analysis and prevention.
- Safety Science, 47, 767-776.
- Leventhal, T. & Brooks-Gunn, J. 2000. The neighborhoods they live in: the effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychological bulletin, 126, 309.
- Mamman, H., Othman, A. T. & Lian, L. H. 2014. Adolescent’s and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4, 5-9.
- McNaughton Reyes, H. L., Foshee, V. A., Bauer, D. J. & Ennet, S. T. 2014. Proximal and time-varying effects of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana and other hard drug use on adolescent dating aggression.
- Journal of adolescence, 37, 281-289.
- Messerschmidt, J. W. 1993. Masculinities and crime: Critique and reconceptualization of theory, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Mugisha, F., Arinatiwe-Mugisha, J. & HagemeAGEMBE, B. O. 2003. Alcohol, substance and drug use among urban slum adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. Cities, 20, 231-240.
- Oguntoke, O., Otusanya, O. K. & Annegarn, H. J. 2013. Emission of pollutants from wood waste incineration at sawmills in Abeokuta metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 70, 964-975.
- Oloruntade, A., Adeoye, P. & Alao, F. 2013. Municipal solid waste collection and management strategies in Akure, South-Western Nigeria. Caspian J. Env. Sci, 11, 1-10.
- Omokhidion, F., Omokhdion, S. & Odusote, T. 2006. Perceptions of child labour among working children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Child: care, health and development, 32, 281-286.
- Omolase, C., Adeleke, O., Afolabi, A. & Ofolabi, O. 2007. Self medication amongst general outpatients in a Nigerian community hospital. Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 5, 64-67.
- Osagbemi, G. K., La-Kadri, R. T. & Aderibigbe, S. A. 2010. Awareness of Occupational Hazards, Health Problems and Safety Measures among Sawmill Workers in North Central Nigeria. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9.
- Osuntogun, A., Adeyemo, R. & Osuntogun, A. 1981. Mobilization of Rural Savings and Credit Extension by Pre-Cooperative Organisations in South Western Nigeria /LA Mobilisation DE L’Epargne Rurale ET L’octroide DE Credit DE LA Part D’Organisations Pre-Cooperatives Dans LE Sud-Ouest DU Nigeria and Development, 247-261.
- Pleck, J. H., Sonenstein, F. L. & KU, L. C. 1994. Problem behaviors and masculinity ideology in adolescent males.
- Rowe, D. C., Woulbroun, E. J. & Gulley, B. L. 2013. Peers and Friends as Nonshared Environmental Influences. Separate social worlds of siblings: The impact of nonshared environment on development, 159.
- Sapkota, A. R., Coker, M. E., Goldstein, R. E. R., Atkinson, N. L., Sweet, S. J., Sopeju, P. O., Ojo, M. T., Otivhia, E., Ayepola, O. O. & Olajuyibge, O. O. 2010. Self- medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.
- BMC Public Health, 10, 610.
- Sawer, L. 2014. Piecemeal Urbanisation at the Peripheries of Lagos. African Studies, 73, 271-289.
- Shanahan, M. J. 2000. Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. Annual review of sociology, 26, 667-692. Sommers, M. 2010. Urban youth in Africa. Environment and urbanization, 22, 317-332. Sznitman, S. R., Kolobov, T., BogtOGT, T. T., Kuntschie, E., Walsh, S. D., Boniel-
- Nissim, M. & Harel-Fisch, Y. 2013. Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 143-151.
- Tucker, S. & Turner, N. 2013. Waiting for safety: Responses by young Canadian workers to unsafe work. Journal of safety research, 45, 103-110.
- Wolch, J. & Dear, M. 2014. Power of Geography: How Territory Shapes Social Life, Routledge.
- Zhang, H., Wiegmann, D. A., Von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G. & Mitchell, A. A. Safety culture: a concept in chaos? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics meeting, 2002. SAGE Publications, 1404-1408.
References
Acuda, W., Othieno, C. J., Obondo, A. & Crome, I. B. 2011. The epidemiology of addiction in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A synthesis of reports, reviews, and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions, 20, 87-99.
Adeogun, B. K.& Okafor, C. 2013. Occupational Health, Safety and Environment(HSE) Trend in Nigeria.
International Journal of Environmental Science, Management and Engineering Research 2 24-29.
Adogame, A. 2010. How God became a Nigerian: Religious impulse and the unfolding of a nation.
Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 28, 479-498.
Ahiauzu, A. 1984. Culture and workplace industrial relations: a Nigerian study. Industrial Relations Journal, 15, 53-63.
Aiyeloja, A., Oladele, A. & Furo, S. 2013. Sustaining Livelihood through Sawn Wood Marketing in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Science & Nature, 4.
Akachuku, A. 2000. Sawmilling waste in Nigeria and its effect on the environment.
Nigerian Field, 65, 219-233.
Akinkuotu, E. 2014. Thousands displaced as fire guts Lagos slum [Online]. Nigeria: Punch Newspaper [Accessed 03/04/2014 2014].
Bachman, J. G., Wadsworth, K. N., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D. & Schulenberg, J.E. 2013. Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities, Psychology Press.
Bamidele, J. O., Adebimpe, W. O. & Dairo, M. D. 2010. Pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 21, 64-69.
Baram, M. 2009. Globalization and workplace hazards in developing nations. Safety Science, 47,756-766.
Bello, S. R. & Mijinyawa, Y. 2010. Assessment of injuries in small scale sawmill industry of south western Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 12.
Bode, C., Giwa, S. & Oke, D. 2000. Factory floor injury in a Lagos sawmill. West African journal of medicine, 20, 256-260.
Braun, V. & V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in ology, 3, 77-101.
Bronfenbenner, U. 1986. Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental psychology, 22, 723.
Cauce, A. M., Cruz, R., Corona, M. & Conger, R. 2011. The face of the future: Risk and resilience in minority youth. Health disparities in youth and families. Springer.
Charlton, G. S. & Barrow, C. J. 2002. Coping and self‐help group membership in Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory qualitative study. Health & social care in the community, 10, 472-478.
Chassin, L., Pitts, S. C. & Prost, J. 2002. Binge drinking trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a high-risk sample: predictors and substance abuse outcomes. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 70, 67.
Connell, R. W. & Messerschmidt, J. W. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity rethinking the concept. Gender & society, 19, 829-859.
Courtenay, W. H. 2000. Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s well- being: a theory of gender and health. Social science & medicine, 50, 1385-1401.
Cubbin, C., Leclere, F. B. & Smith, G. S. 2000. Socioeconomic status and injury mortality: individual and neighbourhood determinants. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 517-524.
De Santis, C., Hudson, P., Lawrie, M., Shelton, C., Rose, D., Van Bergen, A., Chadwick- Jones, D. & Mitchell, E. 2007. Safety Culture:“Black Art” or “Paradigm Shift”? Houston, TX.
Dear, M. & Wolch, J. 2014. How territory shapes social life. The power of Geography, 3-18.
Denyes, M. J., Orem, D. E. & Bekel, G. 2001. Self-care: a foundational science. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14, 48-54.
Ezenwa, A. O. 2001. A study of fatal injuries in Nigerian factories. Occupational Medicine, 51, 485-489.
Fatusi, A. & Eerhabor, G. 1996. Occupational health status of sawmill workers in Nigeria.
The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 116, 232-236.
Fetuga, B., Njokama, F. & Olowu, A. 2005. Prevalence, types and demographic features of child labour among school children in Nigeria. BMC international health and human rights, 5, 2.
Gardiner, J. K. 2013. Masculinity studies and feminist theory: New directions, Columbia University Press.
Guldenmund, F. W. 2000. The nature of safety culture: a review of theory and research.
Safety Science, 34, 215-257.
Horn, J. 2000. Role of small-scale sawmilling in household and community livelihoods– Case studies in the Eastern Cape. IIED & CSIR.
Kabiru, C. W., Izugbara, C. O. & Beguy, D. 2013a. The health and wellbeing of young people in sub-Saharan Africa: an under-researched area? BMC international and human rights, 13, 11.
Kabiru, C. W., Mojola, S. A., Beguy, D. & Okigbo, C. 2013b. Growing Up at the “Margins”: Concerns, Aspirations, and Expectations of Young People Living in Nairobi’s Slums. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 81-94.
Kohli, M. & Meyer, J. W. 1986. Social structure and social construction of life stages.
Human Development, 29, 145-149.
Kouabenan, D. R. 2009. Role of beliefs in accident and risk analysis and prevention.
Safety Science, 47, 767-776.
Leventhal, T. & Brooks-Gunn, J. 2000. The neighborhoods they live in: the effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychological bulletin, 126, 309.
Mamman, H., Othman, A. T. & Lian, L. H. 2014. Adolescent’s and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4, 5-9.
McNaughton Reyes, H. L., Foshee, V. A., Bauer, D. J. & Ennet, S. T. 2014. Proximal and time-varying effects of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana and other hard drug use on adolescent dating aggression.
Journal of adolescence, 37, 281-289.
Messerschmidt, J. W. 1993. Masculinities and crime: Critique and reconceptualization of theory, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Mugisha, F., Arinatiwe-Mugisha, J. & HagemeAGEMBE, B. O. 2003. Alcohol, substance and drug use among urban slum adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. Cities, 20, 231-240.
Oguntoke, O., Otusanya, O. K. & Annegarn, H. J. 2013. Emission of pollutants from wood waste incineration at sawmills in Abeokuta metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 70, 964-975.
Oloruntade, A., Adeoye, P. & Alao, F. 2013. Municipal solid waste collection and management strategies in Akure, South-Western Nigeria. Caspian J. Env. Sci, 11, 1-10.
Omokhidion, F., Omokhdion, S. & Odusote, T. 2006. Perceptions of child labour among working children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Child: care, health and development, 32, 281-286.
Omolase, C., Adeleke, O., Afolabi, A. & Ofolabi, O. 2007. Self medication amongst general outpatients in a Nigerian community hospital. Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 5, 64-67.
Osagbemi, G. K., La-Kadri, R. T. & Aderibigbe, S. A. 2010. Awareness of Occupational Hazards, Health Problems and Safety Measures among Sawmill Workers in North Central Nigeria. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9.
Osuntogun, A., Adeyemo, R. & Osuntogun, A. 1981. Mobilization of Rural Savings and Credit Extension by Pre-Cooperative Organisations in South Western Nigeria /LA Mobilisation DE L’Epargne Rurale ET L’octroide DE Credit DE LA Part D’Organisations Pre-Cooperatives Dans LE Sud-Ouest DU Nigeria and Development, 247-261.
Pleck, J. H., Sonenstein, F. L. & KU, L. C. 1994. Problem behaviors and masculinity ideology in adolescent males.
Rowe, D. C., Woulbroun, E. J. & Gulley, B. L. 2013. Peers and Friends as Nonshared Environmental Influences. Separate social worlds of siblings: The impact of nonshared environment on development, 159.
Sapkota, A. R., Coker, M. E., Goldstein, R. E. R., Atkinson, N. L., Sweet, S. J., Sopeju, P. O., Ojo, M. T., Otivhia, E., Ayepola, O. O. & Olajuyibge, O. O. 2010. Self- medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.
BMC Public Health, 10, 610.
Sawer, L. 2014. Piecemeal Urbanisation at the Peripheries of Lagos. African Studies, 73, 271-289.
Shanahan, M. J. 2000. Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. Annual review of sociology, 26, 667-692. Sommers, M. 2010. Urban youth in Africa. Environment and urbanization, 22, 317-332. Sznitman, S. R., Kolobov, T., BogtOGT, T. T., Kuntschie, E., Walsh, S. D., Boniel-
Nissim, M. & Harel-Fisch, Y. 2013. Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 143-151.
Tucker, S. & Turner, N. 2013. Waiting for safety: Responses by young Canadian workers to unsafe work. Journal of safety research, 45, 103-110.
Wolch, J. & Dear, M. 2014. Power of Geography: How Territory Shapes Social Life, Routledge.
Zhang, H., Wiegmann, D. A., Von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G. & Mitchell, A. A. Safety culture: a concept in chaos? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics meeting, 2002. SAGE Publications, 1404-1408.