7 - Ambiguities in the making of an African Medicine: clinical trials of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br 1(Lessertia frutescens).
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2011): African Sociological Review
Abstract
This paper attends to the large and heterogenous array of people and things that come togetherin the making of a medicinal plant, Sutherlandia frutescens (lessertia frutescens) as an Af- rican medicine through clinical trials. it is a messy, contested and ambiguous process and is constantly being revised and is always open to surprises and the possibility of failure. i use Sutherlandia to introduce some of the issues that complicate the landscapes of knowledge in South Africa in relation to phytomedicines and pharmaceuticals.
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- Barry, C. 2006. The role of evidence in alternative medicine: Contrasting biomedical and anthropological approaches. Social Science and Medicine 62:2646-2657.
- Cocohoba, J. 2008. Antiretroviral drug interactions and adverse side effects. University of Tennessee Advanced Studies in Phramacy. 5(4): 105-113.
- Coulter, I. & Willis, E. 2004. The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective. Medical Journal of Australia, 180(11):587-589.
- Fu, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Avula, B., Smillie, J., Mabusela, W., Syce, J., Johnson, Q., Folk, W., Hhan, I. 2009. Flavonol Glycosides from the South African medicinal plant Sutherlandia frutescens. Planta Medica.
- Geffen, N, 2010. In defence of science: Seven points about traditional and scientific medicine. Available on http://www.aidstruth.org/feaatures/2010/defence- science-seven-points-aboput traditional-medicine. Access 0908/09/2010.
- Gericke, N. 2001. Sutherlandia and AIDS patients Update 13 March 2001. Australian Journal of Med Herbalism 13 (1).
- Goldblatt, P., Manning, J. 2000. Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa.
- Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute: Pretoria.
- Green, L. 2007. South Africa’s indigenous knowledge policy of 2004.: Challenges for the post-colonial university. Social Dynamics, 33(1):130-154.
- Green, L.-2008a. ‘Indigenous Knowledge’ and ‘Science’: Reframing the debate on knowledge diversity. Archaeologies, 4(1):144-163.
- Green, L. 2008b. Anthropologies of knowledge and South Africa’s Indigenous Knowledge Systems Policy. Anthropology Southern Africa, 31(1&2):49-57.
- Green, L. 2009. Introduction: Knowledge contests, South Africa, 2009. Anthropology Southern Africa, 32(1&2):2-7.
- Ifenyi, E. 2009.An investigation into the bioactivity of Sutherlandia frutescens (kankerbos) Unpublished Masters thesis. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.
- Iyioha, I. 2011. Law’s dilemma: Validating complementary and alternative medicine and the clash of evidential paradigms. Evidence-Based Vomplementary and Alternative Medicine. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/389518
- Johnson, Q., Syce, J.,Nell, H.,Rudeen, K.,Folk, W. 2007. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lessertia frutescens in healthy adults. PloS clinical trials. April, e16.
- Latour, B. 1999. Pandora’s hope. essays on the reality of Science Studies. Cambridge, MA; London, UK: Harvard University Press.
- Latour, B. 2005. reassembling the Social: An introduction to Actor-network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Law, J. 1992. Notes on the Theory of the Actor Network: Ordering, Strategy and Heterogeneity. Available on http://comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/soc054jl.html
- Law, J. 2007. Actor network theory and material semiotics. http://www.heterogeneities. net/publications/LAW2007ANTabdNaterialSemiotics.pdf
- Malungu,N., Ogunbanjo, G.A. 2009. A profile of acute poisoning at selected hospitals in South Africa. South African Journal of Epidemiology Infect, 24 (2): http:// www.sajei.co.za/index.php/SAJEI/article/viewFile/172/173
- Mfecane, S. 2010. A man or not a man? The impact of using ARVs on re-constructions of masculinity among men living with HIV. Unpublished paper presented at a joint seminar Women’s and Gender Studies and Anthrpology and Sociology, Bellville: University of the Western Cape.
- Mintza Mi Nzue, A.P. 2009. Use and conservation sattus of medicinal plants in the Cape Peninsula, Western Cape Province of South Africa. Unpublished MA Degree. University Stellenbosch.
- Moerman, D., and Jonas, W. 2002. Deconstructing the placebo effect and finding the meaning response. Annals of Internal medicine, 136:471-476.
- Mol, A. 2002. The body multiple: ontology in medical practice. Duke University Press. Oloyede, O. 2010. Epistemological issues in the making of an African medicine: Sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens). African Sociological review 13(2):74-88.
- Oloyede, O. 2011 An exploration of the philosophy and environment of a South African randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lessertia frutescens clinical trials, African
- Sociological review, Vol. 15 (10)
- Pappe, L. 1847. A List South African indigenous plants used as remedies by the colonists at the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: OI Pike.
- Pappe, L. 1850. Florae Capensis Medicae Prodromis. Cape Town: AS Robertson. Reihling, H. 2008.
- Bioprospecting the African Renaissance: The new value of muthi in South Africa. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine , 4:9.
- Richter, M. 2003. Traditional medicines and traditional healers in South Africa. Discussion paper prepared for the Treatment Action Campaign and AIDS Law Project. Available on http://www.tac.org.za/Documents/ResearchPapers/ Traditional_Medicine_briefing.pdf. Accessed 14/2/2010
- Roberts, M. 1990. indigenous healing plants. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, Gauteng, South Africa.
- Smith, C.A. 1966. common names of South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 35. Dept. of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria.
- Stengers, I. 2010 Cosmopolitics 1 Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Tangwa, G. 2007. How not to compare Western scientific medicine with African traditional medicine. Developing world Bioethics, 7(1): 41–44.
- Van Wyk, B, Albrecht, C. 2008. A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Sutherlandia frutescens(Fabaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3):620 629.
- Van Wyk, B., van Oudtshoorn , B., Gericke, N. 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Briza Publications.2nd edition.
- Xaba, P. & Notten, A. 2003. Sutherlandia fritescents (L.) R.BR. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/sutherfrut.htm
References
Barry, C. 2006. The role of evidence in alternative medicine: Contrasting biomedical and anthropological approaches. Social Science and Medicine 62:2646-2657.
Cocohoba, J. 2008. Antiretroviral drug interactions and adverse side effects. University of Tennessee Advanced Studies in Phramacy. 5(4): 105-113.
Coulter, I. & Willis, E. 2004. The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective. Medical Journal of Australia, 180(11):587-589.
Fu, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Avula, B., Smillie, J., Mabusela, W., Syce, J., Johnson, Q., Folk, W., Hhan, I. 2009. Flavonol Glycosides from the South African medicinal plant Sutherlandia frutescens. Planta Medica.
Geffen, N, 2010. In defence of science: Seven points about traditional and scientific medicine. Available on http://www.aidstruth.org/feaatures/2010/defence- science-seven-points-aboput traditional-medicine. Access 0908/09/2010.
Gericke, N. 2001. Sutherlandia and AIDS patients Update 13 March 2001. Australian Journal of Med Herbalism 13 (1).
Goldblatt, P., Manning, J. 2000. Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa.
Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute: Pretoria.
Green, L. 2007. South Africa’s indigenous knowledge policy of 2004.: Challenges for the post-colonial university. Social Dynamics, 33(1):130-154.
Green, L.-2008a. ‘Indigenous Knowledge’ and ‘Science’: Reframing the debate on knowledge diversity. Archaeologies, 4(1):144-163.
Green, L. 2008b. Anthropologies of knowledge and South Africa’s Indigenous Knowledge Systems Policy. Anthropology Southern Africa, 31(1&2):49-57.
Green, L. 2009. Introduction: Knowledge contests, South Africa, 2009. Anthropology Southern Africa, 32(1&2):2-7.
Ifenyi, E. 2009.An investigation into the bioactivity of Sutherlandia frutescens (kankerbos) Unpublished Masters thesis. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.
Iyioha, I. 2011. Law’s dilemma: Validating complementary and alternative medicine and the clash of evidential paradigms. Evidence-Based Vomplementary and Alternative Medicine. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/389518
Johnson, Q., Syce, J.,Nell, H.,Rudeen, K.,Folk, W. 2007. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lessertia frutescens in healthy adults. PloS clinical trials. April, e16.
Latour, B. 1999. Pandora’s hope. essays on the reality of Science Studies. Cambridge, MA; London, UK: Harvard University Press.
Latour, B. 2005. reassembling the Social: An introduction to Actor-network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Law, J. 1992. Notes on the Theory of the Actor Network: Ordering, Strategy and Heterogeneity. Available on http://comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/soc054jl.html
Law, J. 2007. Actor network theory and material semiotics. http://www.heterogeneities. net/publications/LAW2007ANTabdNaterialSemiotics.pdf
Malungu,N., Ogunbanjo, G.A. 2009. A profile of acute poisoning at selected hospitals in South Africa. South African Journal of Epidemiology Infect, 24 (2): http:// www.sajei.co.za/index.php/SAJEI/article/viewFile/172/173
Mfecane, S. 2010. A man or not a man? The impact of using ARVs on re-constructions of masculinity among men living with HIV. Unpublished paper presented at a joint seminar Women’s and Gender Studies and Anthrpology and Sociology, Bellville: University of the Western Cape.
Mintza Mi Nzue, A.P. 2009. Use and conservation sattus of medicinal plants in the Cape Peninsula, Western Cape Province of South Africa. Unpublished MA Degree. University Stellenbosch.
Moerman, D., and Jonas, W. 2002. Deconstructing the placebo effect and finding the meaning response. Annals of Internal medicine, 136:471-476.
Mol, A. 2002. The body multiple: ontology in medical practice. Duke University Press. Oloyede, O. 2010. Epistemological issues in the making of an African medicine: Sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens). African Sociological review 13(2):74-88.
Oloyede, O. 2011 An exploration of the philosophy and environment of a South African randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lessertia frutescens clinical trials, African
Sociological review, Vol. 15 (10)
Pappe, L. 1847. A List South African indigenous plants used as remedies by the colonists at the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: OI Pike.
Pappe, L. 1850. Florae Capensis Medicae Prodromis. Cape Town: AS Robertson. Reihling, H. 2008.
Bioprospecting the African Renaissance: The new value of muthi in South Africa. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine , 4:9.
Richter, M. 2003. Traditional medicines and traditional healers in South Africa. Discussion paper prepared for the Treatment Action Campaign and AIDS Law Project. Available on http://www.tac.org.za/Documents/ResearchPapers/ Traditional_Medicine_briefing.pdf. Accessed 14/2/2010
Roberts, M. 1990. indigenous healing plants. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, Gauteng, South Africa.
Smith, C.A. 1966. common names of South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 35. Dept. of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria.
Stengers, I. 2010 Cosmopolitics 1 Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Tangwa, G. 2007. How not to compare Western scientific medicine with African traditional medicine. Developing world Bioethics, 7(1): 41–44.
Van Wyk, B, Albrecht, C. 2008. A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Sutherlandia frutescens(Fabaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3):620 629.
Van Wyk, B., van Oudtshoorn , B., Gericke, N. 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Briza Publications.2nd edition.
Xaba, P. & Notten, A. 2003. Sutherlandia fritescents (L.) R.BR. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/sutherfrut.htm