2 - The ‘Middle Belt’ Historiography of Resistance in Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Samaila Suleiman
Afrika Zamani,
No 27 (2019): Afrika Zamani: Revue annuelle d’histoire africaine
Résumé
Les études existantes sur l'historiographie nigériane couvrent des historiens de renom, des écrits historiques majeurs et des traditions historiographiques importantes des principales ethnies telles que les Hausa, les Igbo et les Yoruba, avec peu ou pas d'attention portée aux multiples minorités ethniques de la région du « Middle Belt ». En utilisant plusieurs de sources, à partir d'entretiens oraux avec des historiens et des militants, et d'une analyse textuelle d’écrits d’intellectuels du « Middle Belt », cette étude retrace la tradition textuelle de l'historiographie du « Middle Belt », son contexte idéologique et ses nuances politiques. Cet article soutient que les écrits d’intellectuels du « Middle Belt » illustrent la tension entre les tendances intellectuelles distinctes et les agendas politiques du Nigeria postcolonial. Animé par un discours de marginalité et de résistance aux interprétations dominantes de l'historiographie du nord du Nigéria, l'article propose une nouvelle approche du « Middle Belt », de lutte épistémique des minorités ethniques du nord du Nigéria à réaffirmer leur « patrimoine historique » ou récupérer leur dignité à travers la création de projets qui mettent en valeur leur passé historique.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Bagudu, N. & Dakasa, C.J. 2001, The Right to be Different: Perspectives on Minority Rights, the Cultural Middle Belt and Constitutional change in Nigeria, Jos: League for Human Rights.
- Barth, H., 1857, Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. II, New York.
- Bohannan, L.P., 1954, Tiv Farm and Settlement, London.
- ______________ 1969, The Tiv of Central Nigeria, London: International African Institute.
- Coleman, J., 1965, Nigeria: Background to Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Dudley, B.J., 1968, Party Politics in Northern Nigeria, Cass.
- Falola, T. & Aderinto, S., 2010, Nigeria, Nationalism and Writing History, University of Rochester Press.
- Forde, D., 1956, Peoples of the Plateau Area of Northern Nigeria Part 7, London: International African Institute.
- Gonet, N.D., 2013, The Rudiments of Kingship in Yil-Ngas, Jos: Willota Press.
- Goyol, A. & Dimka, E., 1999, Pusdung: Ngas Festival of Arts and Culture, Jos. Gwom, S.L., 1992, The Berom Tribe of Plateau State Nigeria.
- ______________ 1994, History of Wase Local Government Council of Plateau State of Nigeria.
- ______________ 1995, History of Jos and Political Development of Nigeria ; The Berom and religion: Practices and prospects.
- Hamman, M. 2007, The Middle-Benue Region and the Sokoto Jihad 1812-1869, the Establishment of the Emirate of Muri, Kaduna: Arewa House.
- Hodgkin, T., 1975, Nigerian Perspectives: an Anthology, London: Oxford University Press.
- James, I. 1986, The Ham and their Neighbors in History, Jos: Jos University Press.
- Kukah, M.H., 1993, Religion, Politics and Power in Northern Nigeria, Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
- Kwanashe, G.A., 2002, The Making of the North in Nigeria-1900-1965, Kaduna: Arewa House.
- Lakai, N.F., 1998, An introduction to Tarok History.
- Last, M., 1967, The Sokoto Caliphate, London: Longman.
- Logams, P.C., 2004, The Middle Belt Movement in Nigerian Political Development: A Study in Political Identity 1949-1967, Abuja: Centre for Middle Belt Studies. Maishanu, H.M., 2008, Five Hundred years of Historical Writings in Borno and Hausaland, Ibadan: Macmillan. Mallo, Stephen, The History of Ron, Jos: Acon, (nd).
- Mamdani, M., 2012, Define and Rule: Native as Political Identity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Mangwvat, M., 2013, A History of Class Formation in the Plateau Province of Nigeria, 1902–1960: the Genesis of a Ruling Class, Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
- Mohammed, A.R., 2014, History of the Spread of Islam in the Niger-Benue Confluence Area, Igalaland, Egbirraland and Lokoja C. 1900-1960, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
- Nye, A.M., 1988, The Afizere (Jarawa) People of Nigeria, Jos: National Museum Press.
- Ochonu, M., 2014, Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt
- Consciousness, Indiana: University of Indiana Press.
- Okeke, O., 1992, Hausa-Fulani Hegemony: the Domination of the Muslim North in Contemporary Politics, Acena Publishers, Lagos.
- Okpeh, O.O., & Ugbegili, S.I., 2013, Themes on Nigerian History: peoples and Cultures, Ibadan: Vast Publishers.
- Okpu, U., 1977, Ethnic Minority Problems in Nigerian Politics: 1960-1965, Uppsala.
- Sai, A., 1939, Akiga Story: the Tiv Tribe as seen by one of its Members, London: Oxford University Press.
- Takaya, B., & Tyoden, S., 1987, The Kaduna Mafia, Jos: University of Jos Press. Trouillot, R., 1995, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Boston: Beacon Press.
- Vansina, J., 1972, Oral Tradition: a Study in Historical Methodology, Translated from French by H. M. Wright, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
- Vansina, J., 1985, Oral Tradition as History, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Les références
Bagudu, N. & Dakasa, C.J. 2001, The Right to be Different: Perspectives on Minority Rights, the Cultural Middle Belt and Constitutional change in Nigeria, Jos: League for Human Rights.
Barth, H., 1857, Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. II, New York.
Bohannan, L.P., 1954, Tiv Farm and Settlement, London.
______________ 1969, The Tiv of Central Nigeria, London: International African Institute.
Coleman, J., 1965, Nigeria: Background to Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dudley, B.J., 1968, Party Politics in Northern Nigeria, Cass.
Falola, T. & Aderinto, S., 2010, Nigeria, Nationalism and Writing History, University of Rochester Press.
Forde, D., 1956, Peoples of the Plateau Area of Northern Nigeria Part 7, London: International African Institute.
Gonet, N.D., 2013, The Rudiments of Kingship in Yil-Ngas, Jos: Willota Press.
Goyol, A. & Dimka, E., 1999, Pusdung: Ngas Festival of Arts and Culture, Jos. Gwom, S.L., 1992, The Berom Tribe of Plateau State Nigeria.
______________ 1994, History of Wase Local Government Council of Plateau State of Nigeria.
______________ 1995, History of Jos and Political Development of Nigeria ; The Berom and religion: Practices and prospects.
Hamman, M. 2007, The Middle-Benue Region and the Sokoto Jihad 1812-1869, the Establishment of the Emirate of Muri, Kaduna: Arewa House.
Hodgkin, T., 1975, Nigerian Perspectives: an Anthology, London: Oxford University Press.
James, I. 1986, The Ham and their Neighbors in History, Jos: Jos University Press.
Kukah, M.H., 1993, Religion, Politics and Power in Northern Nigeria, Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
Kwanashe, G.A., 2002, The Making of the North in Nigeria-1900-1965, Kaduna: Arewa House.
Lakai, N.F., 1998, An introduction to Tarok History.
Last, M., 1967, The Sokoto Caliphate, London: Longman.
Logams, P.C., 2004, The Middle Belt Movement in Nigerian Political Development: A Study in Political Identity 1949-1967, Abuja: Centre for Middle Belt Studies. Maishanu, H.M., 2008, Five Hundred years of Historical Writings in Borno and Hausaland, Ibadan: Macmillan. Mallo, Stephen, The History of Ron, Jos: Acon, (nd).
Mamdani, M., 2012, Define and Rule: Native as Political Identity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mangwvat, M., 2013, A History of Class Formation in the Plateau Province of Nigeria, 1902–1960: the Genesis of a Ruling Class, Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
Mohammed, A.R., 2014, History of the Spread of Islam in the Niger-Benue Confluence Area, Igalaland, Egbirraland and Lokoja C. 1900-1960, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
Nye, A.M., 1988, The Afizere (Jarawa) People of Nigeria, Jos: National Museum Press.
Ochonu, M., 2014, Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt
Consciousness, Indiana: University of Indiana Press.
Okeke, O., 1992, Hausa-Fulani Hegemony: the Domination of the Muslim North in Contemporary Politics, Acena Publishers, Lagos.
Okpeh, O.O., & Ugbegili, S.I., 2013, Themes on Nigerian History: peoples and Cultures, Ibadan: Vast Publishers.
Okpu, U., 1977, Ethnic Minority Problems in Nigerian Politics: 1960-1965, Uppsala.
Sai, A., 1939, Akiga Story: the Tiv Tribe as seen by one of its Members, London: Oxford University Press.
Takaya, B., & Tyoden, S., 1987, The Kaduna Mafia, Jos: University of Jos Press. Trouillot, R., 1995, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Boston: Beacon Press.
Vansina, J., 1972, Oral Tradition: a Study in Historical Methodology, Translated from French by H. M. Wright, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
Vansina, J., 1985, Oral Tradition as History, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.