9 - Maritime Policy and Economic Development: A Comparison of Nigerian and Japanese Experiences since the Second World War
Corresponding Author(s) : Ayodeji Olukoju
Afrika Zamani,
No. 11-12 (2004): Afrika Zamani: An Annual Journal of African History
Abstract
It is now generally recognized that the maritime sector could, if properly harnessed, play a critical role in the development of regional, national and global economies. This is in view of the growth-pole potentials of ports and ancillary industries. Although a comparison of Japan, a leading global power, and Nigeria, a vastly underachieving African country, might sound far-fetched, the effort is rewarding, as shown in this article, for its implications for public policy formulation and implementation. This paper attempts a comparison of the evolution and implementation of policies relating to the development of ports, the mercantile marine and port industries in both countries. Focusing on the roles of the government and the private sector, it locates the discussion in a wider, global comparative context. The prospects and challenges of regional development through the agency of the maritime sector in both Nigeria and Japan are considered in the light of such concepts as 'maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs)' and 'developer ports'. Pertinent lessons in comparative history and public policy analysis are highlighted in the paper, which has benefited from primary research in both countries.
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- Akatsuka, Y., 1977, ‘Development of Kashima Seaboard Industrial Area’, in Proceedings of the Arab-Japan Port and Harbour Joint Conference, Tokyo: International Association for Ports and Harbours (IAPH), pp. 88-111.
- Anyanwu, C.N., 1971, ‘Port Harcourt, 1912-55: A Study in the Rise and Development of a Nigerian Municipality’, PhD thesis, University of Ibadan.
- Akintola-Arikawe, J.O., 1987. ‘The Rise of Industrialism in the Lagos Area’, in Ade Adefuye, Babatunde Agiri and Jide Osuntokun, (eds.), History of the Peoples of Lagos State, Lagos: Literamed, pp. 104-127.
- Chida, Tomohei, 1984, ‘The Development of Japan’s Post-War Shipping Policy’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 82-90.
- Chida, Tomohei and Davies, P.N., 1990, The Japanese Shipping and Shipbuilding Industries: A History of their Modern Growth, London: Athlone Press.
- Dharmasena, K., 1989, ‘The Entry of Developing Countries into World Shipping: A Case Study of Sri Lanka’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 85-122.
- Goss, R.O., 1990, ‘Economic Policies and Seaports 1: The Economic Functions of Seaports’, Maritime Policy and Management, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 207-219.
- Hanappe, Paul and Savy, Michel, 1980, Industrial Ports and Economic Transformations, Tokyo: I.A.P.H.
- Hoyle, B.S., 1981, ‘Cityport Industrialization and Regional Development in Less Developed Countries: The Tropical African Experience’, in Hoyle and Pinder, D.A. (eds.), Cityport Industrialization: Spatial Analysis and Planning Problems, Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 281-303.
- Iheduru, O.C., 1996, The Political Economy of International Shipping in Developing Countries, Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press.
- Japan, Ministry of Transport, Ports and Harbours Bureau, 1993, Ports and Harbours in Japan, 1993, Tokyo: Ministry of Transport.
- Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Ports and Harbours Bureau, 2002, Ports and Harbours in Japan, 2002, Tokyo: MLIT.
- Karandawala, P., 1989, ‘The UN Liner Code and Shipping Policies in the West and Central African Sub-region’, in G. C. Obiozor et al. (eds.), Shipping Trade and Development in the West and Central African Sub-Region, Lagos: Nigerian Shippers Council, pp. 16-37.
- Masuda, Hiromi, 1981, Japan’s Industrial Development Policy and the Construction of Nobiru Port: The Case Study of Failure, Tokyo: IDE.
- Matthews, S.J., 1989, ‘Japan Takes Its Cities to the Sea’, Containerisation International, vol. 23, no. 2, February, pp. 55-59.
- Nakamura, Ryuji, 1983, ‘Port Development System in Japan’, in Proceedings of the ESCAP Port Development Series, No. 6, Bangkok: ESCAP, pp. 51-79.
- Ogundana, Babafemi, 1970, ‘Patterns and Problems of Seaport Evolution in Nigeria’, in B.S. Hoyle and D.A. Hilling, (eds.), Seaports and Development in Africa, London, pp.167-182.
- Ogundana, Babafemi, 1972, ‘Oscillating Seaport Location in Nigeria,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 62, pp. 110-121.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992a, ‘Elder Dempster and the Shipping Trade of Nigeria During the First World War’, Journal of African History, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 255-271.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992b, ‘The Development of the Port of Lagos, c.1892-1946’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 59-78.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992c, ‘Background to the Establishment of the Nigerian Ports Authority: The Politics of Port Administration in Nigeria, c.1920-1954’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. IV, no. 2, pp. 155-173.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1994, ‘The Making of an “Expensive Port”: Shipping Lines, Government and Port Tariffs in Lagos, 1917-1949', International Journal of Maritime History, vol. VI, no. 1, pp.141-159.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996a, ‘Playing the Second Fiddle: The Development of Port Harcourt and Its Role in the Nigerian Economy, 1917-1950’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. VIII, no. 1, pp. 105-131.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996b, Maritime Trade, Port Development and Administration: The Japanese Experience and Lessons for Nigeria, Tokyo: IDE.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996c, ‘Spatial Analysis and Inter-Port Competition: Lagos, The Niger and the “Capture” of the Kano–Tripoli Trade, c. 1890-1914', The Great Circle: Journal of the Australian Association for Maritime History, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 30-47.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1997, ‘Government and Port Administration in Japan in the Aftermath of the Port and Harbour Law of 1950’, The Northern Mariner, vol.7, no. 4, pp. 65-80.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001a, ‘Tropical Terminus: The Distress and Disposal of the American Schooner, Allanwilde, in Lagos, 1920-22’, Lagos Historical Review, vol.1, pp.114-126.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001b, ‘The Pluralisms of Urban Waste Management: A Comparison of Lagos (Nigeria) and Tokyo (Japan)’, in Agwonorobo E., Eruvbetine (ed.), The Humanistic Management of Pluralism: A Formula for Development in Nigeria, Lagos, pp.508-525.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001-2002, ‘“Getting Too Great a Grip”: European Shipping Lines and British West African Lighterage Services in the 1930s’, Afrika Zamani, Nos. 9 & 10, pp.19-40.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2003, ‘A “Truly Nigerian Project?”: The Politics of the Establishment of the Nigerian National Shipping Line (NNSL), 1957-59', International Journal of Maritime History, vol. XV, no. 1, pp.69-90.
- Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2004, ‘Ports as Growth Poles: The Japanese “Developer Port” Concept in Comparative Perspective’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. XVI, no. 1, June, pp. 43-57.
- Ovbude, Felix O., 1991, ‘National Politics in Port Administration: The Nigerian Ports Authority Experience’, in Proceedings of the 17th IAPH World Ports Conference, Tokyo: IAPH, pp. 263-289.
- Takeuchi, Yoshio, 1977, ‘Development of Ports in Japan and the Role of Central Government—History and Future of Port Development’, in Proceedings of the Arab-Japan Port and Harbour Joint Conference, Tokyo, pp 13-26.
- Takeuchi, Yoshio, 1983, ‘The Economic Impact of Ports in Japan’, in ESCAP, Port Development Series No.6, Bangkok: ESCAP, pp. 31-50.
- Tessier, J.M., 1991, ‘Port-City Relations: A Canadian Perspective’, in Proceedings of the 17th IAPH World Ports Conference, Tokyo: IAPH, pp. 165-186.
References
Akatsuka, Y., 1977, ‘Development of Kashima Seaboard Industrial Area’, in Proceedings of the Arab-Japan Port and Harbour Joint Conference, Tokyo: International Association for Ports and Harbours (IAPH), pp. 88-111.
Anyanwu, C.N., 1971, ‘Port Harcourt, 1912-55: A Study in the Rise and Development of a Nigerian Municipality’, PhD thesis, University of Ibadan.
Akintola-Arikawe, J.O., 1987. ‘The Rise of Industrialism in the Lagos Area’, in Ade Adefuye, Babatunde Agiri and Jide Osuntokun, (eds.), History of the Peoples of Lagos State, Lagos: Literamed, pp. 104-127.
Chida, Tomohei, 1984, ‘The Development of Japan’s Post-War Shipping Policy’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 82-90.
Chida, Tomohei and Davies, P.N., 1990, The Japanese Shipping and Shipbuilding Industries: A History of their Modern Growth, London: Athlone Press.
Dharmasena, K., 1989, ‘The Entry of Developing Countries into World Shipping: A Case Study of Sri Lanka’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 85-122.
Goss, R.O., 1990, ‘Economic Policies and Seaports 1: The Economic Functions of Seaports’, Maritime Policy and Management, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 207-219.
Hanappe, Paul and Savy, Michel, 1980, Industrial Ports and Economic Transformations, Tokyo: I.A.P.H.
Hoyle, B.S., 1981, ‘Cityport Industrialization and Regional Development in Less Developed Countries: The Tropical African Experience’, in Hoyle and Pinder, D.A. (eds.), Cityport Industrialization: Spatial Analysis and Planning Problems, Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 281-303.
Iheduru, O.C., 1996, The Political Economy of International Shipping in Developing Countries, Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press.
Japan, Ministry of Transport, Ports and Harbours Bureau, 1993, Ports and Harbours in Japan, 1993, Tokyo: Ministry of Transport.
Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Ports and Harbours Bureau, 2002, Ports and Harbours in Japan, 2002, Tokyo: MLIT.
Karandawala, P., 1989, ‘The UN Liner Code and Shipping Policies in the West and Central African Sub-region’, in G. C. Obiozor et al. (eds.), Shipping Trade and Development in the West and Central African Sub-Region, Lagos: Nigerian Shippers Council, pp. 16-37.
Masuda, Hiromi, 1981, Japan’s Industrial Development Policy and the Construction of Nobiru Port: The Case Study of Failure, Tokyo: IDE.
Matthews, S.J., 1989, ‘Japan Takes Its Cities to the Sea’, Containerisation International, vol. 23, no. 2, February, pp. 55-59.
Nakamura, Ryuji, 1983, ‘Port Development System in Japan’, in Proceedings of the ESCAP Port Development Series, No. 6, Bangkok: ESCAP, pp. 51-79.
Ogundana, Babafemi, 1970, ‘Patterns and Problems of Seaport Evolution in Nigeria’, in B.S. Hoyle and D.A. Hilling, (eds.), Seaports and Development in Africa, London, pp.167-182.
Ogundana, Babafemi, 1972, ‘Oscillating Seaport Location in Nigeria,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 62, pp. 110-121.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992a, ‘Elder Dempster and the Shipping Trade of Nigeria During the First World War’, Journal of African History, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 255-271.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992b, ‘The Development of the Port of Lagos, c.1892-1946’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 59-78.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1992c, ‘Background to the Establishment of the Nigerian Ports Authority: The Politics of Port Administration in Nigeria, c.1920-1954’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. IV, no. 2, pp. 155-173.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1994, ‘The Making of an “Expensive Port”: Shipping Lines, Government and Port Tariffs in Lagos, 1917-1949', International Journal of Maritime History, vol. VI, no. 1, pp.141-159.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996a, ‘Playing the Second Fiddle: The Development of Port Harcourt and Its Role in the Nigerian Economy, 1917-1950’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. VIII, no. 1, pp. 105-131.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996b, Maritime Trade, Port Development and Administration: The Japanese Experience and Lessons for Nigeria, Tokyo: IDE.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1996c, ‘Spatial Analysis and Inter-Port Competition: Lagos, The Niger and the “Capture” of the Kano–Tripoli Trade, c. 1890-1914', The Great Circle: Journal of the Australian Association for Maritime History, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 30-47.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 1997, ‘Government and Port Administration in Japan in the Aftermath of the Port and Harbour Law of 1950’, The Northern Mariner, vol.7, no. 4, pp. 65-80.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001a, ‘Tropical Terminus: The Distress and Disposal of the American Schooner, Allanwilde, in Lagos, 1920-22’, Lagos Historical Review, vol.1, pp.114-126.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001b, ‘The Pluralisms of Urban Waste Management: A Comparison of Lagos (Nigeria) and Tokyo (Japan)’, in Agwonorobo E., Eruvbetine (ed.), The Humanistic Management of Pluralism: A Formula for Development in Nigeria, Lagos, pp.508-525.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2001-2002, ‘“Getting Too Great a Grip”: European Shipping Lines and British West African Lighterage Services in the 1930s’, Afrika Zamani, Nos. 9 & 10, pp.19-40.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2003, ‘A “Truly Nigerian Project?”: The Politics of the Establishment of the Nigerian National Shipping Line (NNSL), 1957-59', International Journal of Maritime History, vol. XV, no. 1, pp.69-90.
Olukoju, Ayodeji, 2004, ‘Ports as Growth Poles: The Japanese “Developer Port” Concept in Comparative Perspective’, International Journal of Maritime History, vol. XVI, no. 1, June, pp. 43-57.
Ovbude, Felix O., 1991, ‘National Politics in Port Administration: The Nigerian Ports Authority Experience’, in Proceedings of the 17th IAPH World Ports Conference, Tokyo: IAPH, pp. 263-289.
Takeuchi, Yoshio, 1977, ‘Development of Ports in Japan and the Role of Central Government—History and Future of Port Development’, in Proceedings of the Arab-Japan Port and Harbour Joint Conference, Tokyo, pp 13-26.
Takeuchi, Yoshio, 1983, ‘The Economic Impact of Ports in Japan’, in ESCAP, Port Development Series No.6, Bangkok: ESCAP, pp. 31-50.
Tessier, J.M., 1991, ‘Port-City Relations: A Canadian Perspective’, in Proceedings of the 17th IAPH World Ports Conference, Tokyo: IAPH, pp. 165-186.