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Vol. 1 No. 1 (2003): Journal of Higher Education in Africa

Issue Published : March 29, 2003

3 - Failed or Self-Hindering Prophecies? Employment Experiences of African Graduates in the 1990s

Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka, Ulrich Teichler  & Harald Schomburg
https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v1i1.1690
Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka
Ulrich Teichler
Harald Schomburg

Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2003): Journal of Higher Education in Africa
Article Published : January 14, 2003

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Abstract

The 1980s brought about sweeping and far-reaching structural changes in many African countries, which greatly affected the higher education sector. Though, the task of training the professional and political elite had been achieved in the previ- ous decades, early reforms now faced new challenges. Concerns were raised that, without substantial new reforms, there may be a mismatch between higher educa- tion and the labor market, leading to massive unemployment among graduates, a tedious transition process from higher education to the labour market, and the un- deremployment of highly skilled laborers in low-skill jobs. This article uses survey data, conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda to exam- ine the basis of such concerns.


The 1980s brought about sweeping and far-reaching structural changes in many African countries, which greatly affected the higher education sector. Though, the task of training the professional and political elite had been achieved in the previ- ous decades, early reforms now faced new challenges. Concerns were raised that, without substantial new reforms, there may be a mismatch between higher educa- tion and the labor market, leading to massive unemployment among graduates, a tedious transition process from higher education to the labour market, and the un- deremployment of highly skilled laborers in low-skill jobs. This article uses survey data, conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda to exam- ine the basis of such concerns.


 

Keywords

Failed or Self-Hindering Enugu and Anambra, Furthermore,

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Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka, Ulrich Teichler, & Harald Schomburg. (2003). 3 - Failed or Self-Hindering Prophecies? Employment Experiences of African Graduates in the 1990s: Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka, Ulrich Teichler  & Harald Schomburg. Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 1(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v1i1.1690
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References
  1. Anyanwu, G.A. & Iloeje, I.C. (2000). Graduate’s employment survey: A tracer study of the graduates of the faculty of arts and agriculture at the University of Nigeria.
  2. Nsukka, Nigeria: AAU Research Report.
  3. Djangmah, J.S. (1999). The challenges of vocationalism: A follow up of Ghanaian universities. Legon, Ghana: AAU research report.
  4. El-Khawas, E. (2000). Patterns of communication and miscommunication between research and policy. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research. Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 45–56).
  5. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  6. Kaijage, E. (2000). Faculty of commerce and management graduates and their employers: A tracer study. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Faculty of Commerce and Management, University of Dar es Salaam.
  7. Karugu, A. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of Kenyatta University. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
  8. Kimani, G. (2001). A tracer study of University of Nairobi graduates. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
  9. Mayanja, M.K. et al. (1999). A comparative study of Makerere University graduates from the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Kampala, Uganda: AAU research report.
  10. Mugabushaka, A.M. (2002). Self employment among graduates in Ghana and Nigeria. In U. Teichler, H. Schomburg, & A.M. Mugabushaka (Eds.), Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries (pp. 77–89). Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Nkrumah, N. (1985). Africa must Unite. London: Panaf.
  11. Nyerere, J. K. (1968). The role of the universities. In J. Nyerere, Freedom and Socialism. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
  12. Omoifo, C.N. et al. (1999). Education and achievement in the early career of the University of Benin graduates. Benin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
  13. Omotosho, J. (2000). Higher education and work: A survey of the alumni of the University of Ilorin who graduated between 1985 and 1994. Ilorin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
  14. Psacharopoulos, G. (1985). Returns to higher education: A further international up- date and implications. The Journal of Human Resources, 20, 583–604.
  15. Rathegeber, E. (1991). Women in higher education in Africa: Access and choices. In G.K. Kelly & S. Slaughter (Eds.), Women’s Higher Education in Compara- tive Perspective (pp. 47–62). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers.
  16. Saint, W. (1992). Universities in Africa. Strategies for Stabilization and Revitaliza- tion. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  17. Sanyal, B. (1987). Higher Education and Employment. An International Compara- tive Analysis. London: The Falmer Press.
  18. Sawyerr, A.(2000). Improving higher education research at African universities: The study programme on higher education management in Africa. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research: Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 193–199). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  19. Schomburg, H. (1995). Standard instrument for graduate and employer surveys. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ Educational Report 68.
  20. Teichler, U. (1999). Research on the relationships between higher education and the world of work: Past achievements, problems and new challenges. Higher Education, 38, 169–190.
  21. Teichler, U. (2002). The relationship between higher education and the world of work: Challenge for quality assessment in higher education. South African Jour- nal of Higher Education 14, 4–44.
  22. Teichler, U., Schomburg, H., & Mugabushaka, A.M. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Educa- tion and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries. Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Toure, S. (1998). Strategies for improving relevance of higher education: The ex- perience of Côte d’Ivoire. In UNESCO (Ed.). Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 163–175). Paris: UNESCO.
  23. Ugwuonah, G.E. & Omeje, K.C. (2002). Higher education and demands of man- power development in the Nigerian manufacturing sector: An empirical study of Enugu and Anambra States. Enugu, Nigeria: AAU research report.
  24. World Bank (1994). Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  25. Yesufu, T.M. (Ed.). (1973). Creating the African University. Emerging Issues in the 1970s. Ibadan, Nigeria: Oxford University Press.
  26. Zembere, S.N. & Chinyama, M.P.M. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of the University of Malawi who graduated between 1987 and 1995. Lilongwe, Malawi: AAU research report.
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References


Anyanwu, G.A. & Iloeje, I.C. (2000). Graduate’s employment survey: A tracer study of the graduates of the faculty of arts and agriculture at the University of Nigeria.

Nsukka, Nigeria: AAU Research Report.

Djangmah, J.S. (1999). The challenges of vocationalism: A follow up of Ghanaian universities. Legon, Ghana: AAU research report.

El-Khawas, E. (2000). Patterns of communication and miscommunication between research and policy. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research. Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 45–56).

Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Kaijage, E. (2000). Faculty of commerce and management graduates and their employers: A tracer study. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Faculty of Commerce and Management, University of Dar es Salaam.

Karugu, A. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of Kenyatta University. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.

Kimani, G. (2001). A tracer study of University of Nairobi graduates. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.

Mayanja, M.K. et al. (1999). A comparative study of Makerere University graduates from the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Kampala, Uganda: AAU research report.

Mugabushaka, A.M. (2002). Self employment among graduates in Ghana and Nigeria. In U. Teichler, H. Schomburg, & A.M. Mugabushaka (Eds.), Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries (pp. 77–89). Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Nkrumah, N. (1985). Africa must Unite. London: Panaf.

Nyerere, J. K. (1968). The role of the universities. In J. Nyerere, Freedom and Socialism. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.

Omoifo, C.N. et al. (1999). Education and achievement in the early career of the University of Benin graduates. Benin, Nigeria: AAU research report.

Omotosho, J. (2000). Higher education and work: A survey of the alumni of the University of Ilorin who graduated between 1985 and 1994. Ilorin, Nigeria: AAU research report.

Psacharopoulos, G. (1985). Returns to higher education: A further international up- date and implications. The Journal of Human Resources, 20, 583–604.

Rathegeber, E. (1991). Women in higher education in Africa: Access and choices. In G.K. Kelly & S. Slaughter (Eds.), Women’s Higher Education in Compara- tive Perspective (pp. 47–62). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers.

Saint, W. (1992). Universities in Africa. Strategies for Stabilization and Revitaliza- tion. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Sanyal, B. (1987). Higher Education and Employment. An International Compara- tive Analysis. London: The Falmer Press.

Sawyerr, A.(2000). Improving higher education research at African universities: The study programme on higher education management in Africa. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research: Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 193–199). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Schomburg, H. (1995). Standard instrument for graduate and employer surveys. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ Educational Report 68.

Teichler, U. (1999). Research on the relationships between higher education and the world of work: Past achievements, problems and new challenges. Higher Education, 38, 169–190.

Teichler, U. (2002). The relationship between higher education and the world of work: Challenge for quality assessment in higher education. South African Jour- nal of Higher Education 14, 4–44.

Teichler, U., Schomburg, H., & Mugabushaka, A.M. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Educa- tion and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries. Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Toure, S. (1998). Strategies for improving relevance of higher education: The ex- perience of Côte d’Ivoire. In UNESCO (Ed.). Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 163–175). Paris: UNESCO.

Ugwuonah, G.E. & Omeje, K.C. (2002). Higher education and demands of man- power development in the Nigerian manufacturing sector: An empirical study of Enugu and Anambra States. Enugu, Nigeria: AAU research report.

World Bank (1994). Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Yesufu, T.M. (Ed.). (1973). Creating the African University. Emerging Issues in the 1970s. Ibadan, Nigeria: Oxford University Press.

Zembere, S.N. & Chinyama, M.P.M. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of the University of Malawi who graduated between 1987 and 1995. Lilongwe, Malawi: AAU research report.

Author Biographies

Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka

Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka is a Research Associate at the Center for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, Germany. E-mail: mugabo@hochschulforschung.uni-kassel.de.

Ulrich Teichler

Ulrich Teichler is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, Germany. E-mail: teichler@hochschulforschung.unikassel.de.

Harald Schomburg

Harald Schomburg is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Research on Higher Education and
Work, University of Kassel, Germany. Email: schomburg@hochschulforschung.uni-kassel.de.

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Journal of Higher Education in Africa

 

The Journal publishes research articles, think pieces and critiques on contemporary issues on higher education in the continent with special emphasis on issues of research and policy.
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