3 - Failed or Self-Hindering Prophecies? Employment Experiences of African Graduates in the 1990s
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 1 No 1 (2003): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
L’Afrique a subi dans les années 80 des vastes et profonds changements structurels qui ont affecté entre autre le secteur de l’éducation supérieure. Les institutions de l’enseignement supérieur ayant accompli leur mission initiale de former une élite professionnelle et une génération de dirigeants, des nouveaux défis se faisaient sentir. Les observateurs remarquaient que sans de reformes majeurs, il pouvait y avoir un déséquilibre dans les relations entre l’éducation supérieur et le marché du travail, avec les risques du chômage pour les diplômes ainsi qu’une période transitoire (entre l’éducation supérieure au marché du travail) difficile et une sous-utilisitation des connaissances et compétences acquises. Cet article analyse les résultats d’une des enquêtes réalisées au Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzanie, et Uganda pour examiner les bases de ces inquiétudes.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Anyanwu, G.A. & Iloeje, I.C. (2000). Graduate’s employment survey: A tracer study of the graduates of the faculty of arts and agriculture at the University of Nigeria.
- Nsukka, Nigeria: AAU Research Report.
- Djangmah, J.S. (1999). The challenges of vocationalism: A follow up of Ghanaian universities. Legon, Ghana: AAU research report.
- El-Khawas, E. (2000). Patterns of communication and miscommunication between research and policy. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research. Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 45–56).
- Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Kaijage, E. (2000). Faculty of commerce and management graduates and their employers: A tracer study. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Faculty of Commerce and Management, University of Dar es Salaam.
- Karugu, A. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of Kenyatta University. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
- Kimani, G. (2001). A tracer study of University of Nairobi graduates. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
- Mayanja, M.K. et al. (1999). A comparative study of Makerere University graduates from the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Kampala, Uganda: AAU research report.
- Mugabushaka, A.M. (2002). Self employment among graduates in Ghana and Nigeria. In U. Teichler, H. Schomburg, & A.M. Mugabushaka (Eds.), Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries (pp. 77–89). Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Nkrumah, N. (1985). Africa must Unite. London: Panaf.
- Nyerere, J. K. (1968). The role of the universities. In J. Nyerere, Freedom and Socialism. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
- Omoifo, C.N. et al. (1999). Education and achievement in the early career of the University of Benin graduates. Benin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
- Omotosho, J. (2000). Higher education and work: A survey of the alumni of the University of Ilorin who graduated between 1985 and 1994. Ilorin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
- Psacharopoulos, G. (1985). Returns to higher education: A further international up- date and implications. The Journal of Human Resources, 20, 583–604.
- Rathegeber, E. (1991). Women in higher education in Africa: Access and choices. In G.K. Kelly & S. Slaughter (Eds.), Women’s Higher Education in Compara- tive Perspective (pp. 47–62). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers.
- Saint, W. (1992). Universities in Africa. Strategies for Stabilization and Revitaliza- tion. Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Sanyal, B. (1987). Higher Education and Employment. An International Compara- tive Analysis. London: The Falmer Press.
- Sawyerr, A.(2000). Improving higher education research at African universities: The study programme on higher education management in Africa. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research: Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 193–199). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Schomburg, H. (1995). Standard instrument for graduate and employer surveys. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ Educational Report 68.
- Teichler, U. (1999). Research on the relationships between higher education and the world of work: Past achievements, problems and new challenges. Higher Education, 38, 169–190.
- Teichler, U. (2002). The relationship between higher education and the world of work: Challenge for quality assessment in higher education. South African Jour- nal of Higher Education 14, 4–44.
- Teichler, U., Schomburg, H., & Mugabushaka, A.M. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Educa- tion and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries. Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Toure, S. (1998). Strategies for improving relevance of higher education: The ex- perience of Côte d’Ivoire. In UNESCO (Ed.). Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 163–175). Paris: UNESCO.
- Ugwuonah, G.E. & Omeje, K.C. (2002). Higher education and demands of man- power development in the Nigerian manufacturing sector: An empirical study of Enugu and Anambra States. Enugu, Nigeria: AAU research report.
- World Bank (1994). Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Yesufu, T.M. (Ed.). (1973). Creating the African University. Emerging Issues in the 1970s. Ibadan, Nigeria: Oxford University Press.
- Zembere, S.N. & Chinyama, M.P.M. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of the University of Malawi who graduated between 1987 and 1995. Lilongwe, Malawi: AAU research report.
Les références
Anyanwu, G.A. & Iloeje, I.C. (2000). Graduate’s employment survey: A tracer study of the graduates of the faculty of arts and agriculture at the University of Nigeria.
Nsukka, Nigeria: AAU Research Report.
Djangmah, J.S. (1999). The challenges of vocationalism: A follow up of Ghanaian universities. Legon, Ghana: AAU research report.
El-Khawas, E. (2000). Patterns of communication and miscommunication between research and policy. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research. Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 45–56).
Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kaijage, E. (2000). Faculty of commerce and management graduates and their employers: A tracer study. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Faculty of Commerce and Management, University of Dar es Salaam.
Karugu, A. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of Kenyatta University. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
Kimani, G. (2001). A tracer study of University of Nairobi graduates. Nairobi, Kenya: AAU research report.
Mayanja, M.K. et al. (1999). A comparative study of Makerere University graduates from the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Kampala, Uganda: AAU research report.
Mugabushaka, A.M. (2002). Self employment among graduates in Ghana and Nigeria. In U. Teichler, H. Schomburg, & A.M. Mugabushaka (Eds.), Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries (pp. 77–89). Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Nkrumah, N. (1985). Africa must Unite. London: Panaf.
Nyerere, J. K. (1968). The role of the universities. In J. Nyerere, Freedom and Socialism. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press.
Omoifo, C.N. et al. (1999). Education and achievement in the early career of the University of Benin graduates. Benin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
Omotosho, J. (2000). Higher education and work: A survey of the alumni of the University of Ilorin who graduated between 1985 and 1994. Ilorin, Nigeria: AAU research report.
Psacharopoulos, G. (1985). Returns to higher education: A further international up- date and implications. The Journal of Human Resources, 20, 583–604.
Rathegeber, E. (1991). Women in higher education in Africa: Access and choices. In G.K. Kelly & S. Slaughter (Eds.), Women’s Higher Education in Compara- tive Perspective (pp. 47–62). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Pub- lishers.
Saint, W. (1992). Universities in Africa. Strategies for Stabilization and Revitaliza- tion. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Sanyal, B. (1987). Higher Education and Employment. An International Compara- tive Analysis. London: The Falmer Press.
Sawyerr, A.(2000). Improving higher education research at African universities: The study programme on higher education management in Africa. In S. Schwarz & U. Teichler (Eds.), The Institutional Basis of Higher Education Research: Experiences and Perspectives (pp. 193–199). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Schomburg, H. (1995). Standard instrument for graduate and employer surveys. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ Educational Report 68.
Teichler, U. (1999). Research on the relationships between higher education and the world of work: Past achievements, problems and new challenges. Higher Education, 38, 169–190.
Teichler, U. (2002). The relationship between higher education and the world of work: Challenge for quality assessment in higher education. South African Jour- nal of Higher Education 14, 4–44.
Teichler, U., Schomburg, H., & Mugabushaka, A.M. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Educa- tion and Graduate Employment in Africa: A Comparative Empirical Study in Selected Countries. Kassel, Germany: unpublished manuscript. Toure, S. (1998). Strategies for improving relevance of higher education: The ex- perience of Côte d’Ivoire. In UNESCO (Ed.). Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 163–175). Paris: UNESCO.
Ugwuonah, G.E. & Omeje, K.C. (2002). Higher education and demands of man- power development in the Nigerian manufacturing sector: An empirical study of Enugu and Anambra States. Enugu, Nigeria: AAU research report.
World Bank (1994). Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yesufu, T.M. (Ed.). (1973). Creating the African University. Emerging Issues in the 1970s. Ibadan, Nigeria: Oxford University Press.
Zembere, S.N. & Chinyama, M.P.M. (2000). Higher education and work: Survey of graduates of the University of Malawi who graduated between 1987 and 1995. Lilongwe, Malawi: AAU research report.