1 - Editorial
Journal of Higher Education in Africa,
Vol. 20 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Higher Education in Africa: Special Issue on Conceptualising and Researching the Public Good Role of Universities in Africa
Abstract
This special issue of the Journal of Higher Education in Africa examines global debates concerned with higher education as a public good, in the context of the lived realities, political and economic constraints as well as opportunities in contemporary Africa. While the articles draw on research and analysis conducted from 2017 to 2019, and were completed before the seismic changes associated with the COVID pandemic, the framing ideas regarding a contextualised understanding of the relationship between higher education and the public good are highly resonant with the processes of the COVID conjuncture. In this Editorial, we distil the key ideas that have shaped this collection of works, describe the research study that connected them, and draw out some of the implications of the findings for thinking about higher education and the public good in the light of the major disruptions of 2020–2021 for higher education in many African countries.
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- Aarts, H., Greijn, H., Mohamedbhai, G., and Jowi, J. O., 2020, “The SDGs and African higher education”, in Ramutsindela, M. and Mickler, D., eds., Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals, Cham: Springer, pp. 231–241.
- Adepoju, P., 2020, “COVID-19 puts health research to the test in Africa”, Nature Medicine, Vol. 26, pp. 1312–1314.
- Allais, S., Unterhalter, E., Molebatsi, P., Posholi, L., and Howell, C., 2020, “Univer- sities, the public good, and the SDG 4 vision”, in Wulff, A., ed., Grading Goal Four, |Leiden: Brill Sense, pp. 135–155.
- Assié-Lumumba, N. T., and CODESRIA, 2006, Higher education in Africa: Crises, reforms and transformation, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Association for the Development of Education in Africa Working Group on Higher Education (ADEA) and Association of African Universities (AAU), 2004, Higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa, with specific reference to universities, Accra: AAU.
- Badat, S., 2010, “Global rankings of universities: A perverse and present burden”, in Unterhalter, E., ed., Global inequalities and higher education: Whose interests are you serving? Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.117–141.
- Calhoun, C., 2006, The university and the public good, Thesis Eleven, Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 7–43.
- Chuks, J., 2017, Challenges and prospects of Africa’s higher education. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/users/jchuks
- Cloete, N., Bunting, I., and Van Schalkwyk, F., 2018, Research Universities in Africa, Cape Town: African Minds.
- Cloete, N., Maassen, P., and Bailey, T., eds, 2015, Knowledge production and contra- dictory functions in African higher education, Cape Town: African Minds.
- Coleman, J. S., 1986, “The idea of the developmental university”, Minerva, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 476–494.
- Egwurube, J., 2021, “Student Political Action and Activism in Contemporary Nigeria”, in Bessant, J., Mesinas, A. and Pickard, S., eds, When Students Protest: Universities in the Global South, Langham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield, p. 71.
- Fourie-Malherbe, M., and Müller, A., 2020, “Student protests and higher education transformation: A South African case study”, in Weimer, L. and Lokkala, T., eds, Universities as Political Institutions, Leiden: Brill Sense, pp. 165–188.
- Habib, A., 2019, Rebels and Rage: Reflecting On #FeesMustFall, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers.
- Habib, A., 2021, “COVID 19, institutions and the state: Knowledge and partner- ships for social justice”, in Brehm, W., Unterhalter, E. and Oketch, M., States of Emergency: Education in the Time of COVID-19, NORRAG Special Issue, Vol. 6, pp. 74–77.
- Higgs, P., 2016, “The African renaissance and the transformation of the higher education curriculum in South Africa”, Africa Education Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 87–10.
- Howell, C., Unterhalter, E. and Oketch, M. O., 2020, The role of tertiary education in development: a rigorous review of the evidence, London: British Council.
- Kana, M. A., LaPorte, R., and Jaye, A., 2021, “Africa’s contribution to the science of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic”, BMJ Global Health, Vol. 6(3), e004059.
- Kinyanjui, S., Fonn, S., Kyobutungi, C., Vicente-Crespo, M., Bonfoh, B., Ndung’u, T., and Awandare, G., 2020, “Enhancing science preparedness for health emergencies in Africa through research capacity building”, British Medical Journal Global Health, Vol. 5, No. 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bm-jgh-2020-003072
- Languille, S., 2020, “African universities and the rise of PPPs: Illustrations from Senegal”, in Gideon, J. and Unterhalter, E., eds, Critical Reflections on Public-Pri- vate Partnerships, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 134–159.
- Lebeau, Y. and Mills, D., 2008, “From ‘crisis’ to ‘transformation’? Shifting orthodoxies of African higher education policy and research”, Learning and Teaching, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 58–88.
- Leibowitz, B., ed., 2013, Higher Education for the Public Good: Views from the South, London: Trentham Books.
- Locatelli, R., 2017, Education as a public and common good: Revisiting the role of the State in a context of growing marketisation, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bergamo.
- Mamdani, M., 2007, Scholars in the Marketplace: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Mamdani, M., 2017, Decolonising the post-colonial university, T.B. Davie Memorial Lecture, University of Cape Town. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKFAYXf05N0
- Marginson, S., 2011, “Higher education and the public good”, Higher Education Quarterly, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 411–433.
- McCowan, T., 2016, “Universities and the post-2015 development agenda: an analytical framework”, Higher Education, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 505–525.
- McMahon, W. W., 2009, Higher education. Greater Good, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Milton, S. and Barakat, S., 2016, “Higher education as the catalyst of recovery in conflict-affected societies”, Globalisation, Societies and Education, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 403–421.
- Mogaji, E., Maringe, F., and Hinson, R., 2020, Marketisation in higher education in Africa: New directions for a decolonising continent, Abingdon: Routledge.
- Morley, L., 2021, “Does class still matter? Conversations about power, privilege and persistent inequalities in higher education”, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 5–16.
- Mulinge, M. M., and Arasa, J. N., 2017, The status of student involvement in university governance in Kenya: The case of public and private universities, Dakar: CODESRIA. Mutapi, F., 2021, Applying the right healthcare tools in global populations, Nature
- Africa, https://doi.org/10.1038/d44148-021-00121-1
- Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J., 2018, Epistemic freedom in Africa: Deprovincialization and decolonization, Abingdon: Routledge.
- Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J., 2020, Decolonization, development and knowledge in Africa: Turning over a new leaf, Abingdon: Routledge.
- Nhamo, G., and Mjimba, V., eds, 2020, Sustainable development goals and institutions of higher education, Cham: Springer.
- Noll, A., and Budniok, J., 2021, Social protest and the middle class in Ghana: A social movement approach of three cases, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, pp. 1–15.
- Nyamnjoh, F. B., 2012, ‘Potted plants in greenhouses’: A critical reflection on the resilience of colonial education in Africa, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 129–154.
- Provini, O., 2019, Negotiating the marketisation of higher education in East Africa: A comparative analysis of Tanzania and Kenya, Higher Education, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 323–342.
- Oketch, M., McCowan, T., and Schendel, R., 2014, The impact of tertiary education on development: A rigorous literature review, London: Department for International Development.
- Singh, M., 2001, Reinserting the ‘public good’ into higher education transformation, Kagisano Higher Education Discussion Series, Vol. 1, Pretoria: Council on Higher Education, pp. 8–18.
- Reimers, F., ed., 2021, Primary and Secondary Education during COVID, Cham: Springer.
- Rukato, W., 2020, “Student Movements and Autocracies in Africa”, in Okech, A., ed., Gender, Protests and Political Change in Africa, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 35–60.
- Sawyerr, A., 2004, “African universities and the challenge of research capacity development”, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, pp. 213–242.
- Stiglitz, J., 1999, “Knowledge as a Global Public Good”, in Kaul, I., Grunberg, I. and Stern, M. A., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 308–325.
- Teferra, D., ed., 2017, Flagship Universities in Africa, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Unterhalter, E., 2021, “A Longer View: Conceptualising Education, Identity and the Public Good in 1917 and 2016”, in Klerides, E. and Carney, S., eds, Identities and Education: Comparative Perspectives in Times of Crisis, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 203–221.
- Unterhalter, E., Howell, C., Vigurs, C., France, R., and Candy, B., 2021, Mitigat- ing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Higher Education: A rapid evidence review, London: EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London.
- Wangenge-Ouma, G., 2008, “Higher education marketisation and its discontents: the case of quality in Kenya”, Higher Education, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 457–471.
- Woldegiorgis, E. T., Turner, I. and Brahima, A., eds, 2020, Decolonisation of Higher Education in Africa: Perspectives from Hybrid Knowledge Production, Abingdon: Routledge.
- World Bank, 2009, Accelerating Catch-up: Tertiary Education and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank.
References
Aarts, H., Greijn, H., Mohamedbhai, G., and Jowi, J. O., 2020, “The SDGs and African higher education”, in Ramutsindela, M. and Mickler, D., eds., Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals, Cham: Springer, pp. 231–241.
Adepoju, P., 2020, “COVID-19 puts health research to the test in Africa”, Nature Medicine, Vol. 26, pp. 1312–1314.
Allais, S., Unterhalter, E., Molebatsi, P., Posholi, L., and Howell, C., 2020, “Univer- sities, the public good, and the SDG 4 vision”, in Wulff, A., ed., Grading Goal Four, |Leiden: Brill Sense, pp. 135–155.
Assié-Lumumba, N. T., and CODESRIA, 2006, Higher education in Africa: Crises, reforms and transformation, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Association for the Development of Education in Africa Working Group on Higher Education (ADEA) and Association of African Universities (AAU), 2004, Higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa, with specific reference to universities, Accra: AAU.
Badat, S., 2010, “Global rankings of universities: A perverse and present burden”, in Unterhalter, E., ed., Global inequalities and higher education: Whose interests are you serving? Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.117–141.
Calhoun, C., 2006, The university and the public good, Thesis Eleven, Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 7–43.
Chuks, J., 2017, Challenges and prospects of Africa’s higher education. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/users/jchuks
Cloete, N., Bunting, I., and Van Schalkwyk, F., 2018, Research Universities in Africa, Cape Town: African Minds.
Cloete, N., Maassen, P., and Bailey, T., eds, 2015, Knowledge production and contra- dictory functions in African higher education, Cape Town: African Minds.
Coleman, J. S., 1986, “The idea of the developmental university”, Minerva, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 476–494.
Egwurube, J., 2021, “Student Political Action and Activism in Contemporary Nigeria”, in Bessant, J., Mesinas, A. and Pickard, S., eds, When Students Protest: Universities in the Global South, Langham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield, p. 71.
Fourie-Malherbe, M., and Müller, A., 2020, “Student protests and higher education transformation: A South African case study”, in Weimer, L. and Lokkala, T., eds, Universities as Political Institutions, Leiden: Brill Sense, pp. 165–188.
Habib, A., 2019, Rebels and Rage: Reflecting On #FeesMustFall, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers.
Habib, A., 2021, “COVID 19, institutions and the state: Knowledge and partner- ships for social justice”, in Brehm, W., Unterhalter, E. and Oketch, M., States of Emergency: Education in the Time of COVID-19, NORRAG Special Issue, Vol. 6, pp. 74–77.
Higgs, P., 2016, “The African renaissance and the transformation of the higher education curriculum in South Africa”, Africa Education Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 87–10.
Howell, C., Unterhalter, E. and Oketch, M. O., 2020, The role of tertiary education in development: a rigorous review of the evidence, London: British Council.
Kana, M. A., LaPorte, R., and Jaye, A., 2021, “Africa’s contribution to the science of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic”, BMJ Global Health, Vol. 6(3), e004059.
Kinyanjui, S., Fonn, S., Kyobutungi, C., Vicente-Crespo, M., Bonfoh, B., Ndung’u, T., and Awandare, G., 2020, “Enhancing science preparedness for health emergencies in Africa through research capacity building”, British Medical Journal Global Health, Vol. 5, No. 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bm-jgh-2020-003072
Languille, S., 2020, “African universities and the rise of PPPs: Illustrations from Senegal”, in Gideon, J. and Unterhalter, E., eds, Critical Reflections on Public-Pri- vate Partnerships, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 134–159.
Lebeau, Y. and Mills, D., 2008, “From ‘crisis’ to ‘transformation’? Shifting orthodoxies of African higher education policy and research”, Learning and Teaching, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 58–88.
Leibowitz, B., ed., 2013, Higher Education for the Public Good: Views from the South, London: Trentham Books.
Locatelli, R., 2017, Education as a public and common good: Revisiting the role of the State in a context of growing marketisation, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bergamo.
Mamdani, M., 2007, Scholars in the Marketplace: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Mamdani, M., 2017, Decolonising the post-colonial university, T.B. Davie Memorial Lecture, University of Cape Town. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKFAYXf05N0
Marginson, S., 2011, “Higher education and the public good”, Higher Education Quarterly, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 411–433.
McCowan, T., 2016, “Universities and the post-2015 development agenda: an analytical framework”, Higher Education, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 505–525.
McMahon, W. W., 2009, Higher education. Greater Good, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Milton, S. and Barakat, S., 2016, “Higher education as the catalyst of recovery in conflict-affected societies”, Globalisation, Societies and Education, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 403–421.
Mogaji, E., Maringe, F., and Hinson, R., 2020, Marketisation in higher education in Africa: New directions for a decolonising continent, Abingdon: Routledge.
Morley, L., 2021, “Does class still matter? Conversations about power, privilege and persistent inequalities in higher education”, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 5–16.
Mulinge, M. M., and Arasa, J. N., 2017, The status of student involvement in university governance in Kenya: The case of public and private universities, Dakar: CODESRIA. Mutapi, F., 2021, Applying the right healthcare tools in global populations, Nature
Africa, https://doi.org/10.1038/d44148-021-00121-1
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J., 2018, Epistemic freedom in Africa: Deprovincialization and decolonization, Abingdon: Routledge.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J., 2020, Decolonization, development and knowledge in Africa: Turning over a new leaf, Abingdon: Routledge.
Nhamo, G., and Mjimba, V., eds, 2020, Sustainable development goals and institutions of higher education, Cham: Springer.
Noll, A., and Budniok, J., 2021, Social protest and the middle class in Ghana: A social movement approach of three cases, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, pp. 1–15.
Nyamnjoh, F. B., 2012, ‘Potted plants in greenhouses’: A critical reflection on the resilience of colonial education in Africa, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 129–154.
Provini, O., 2019, Negotiating the marketisation of higher education in East Africa: A comparative analysis of Tanzania and Kenya, Higher Education, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 323–342.
Oketch, M., McCowan, T., and Schendel, R., 2014, The impact of tertiary education on development: A rigorous literature review, London: Department for International Development.
Singh, M., 2001, Reinserting the ‘public good’ into higher education transformation, Kagisano Higher Education Discussion Series, Vol. 1, Pretoria: Council on Higher Education, pp. 8–18.
Reimers, F., ed., 2021, Primary and Secondary Education during COVID, Cham: Springer.
Rukato, W., 2020, “Student Movements and Autocracies in Africa”, in Okech, A., ed., Gender, Protests and Political Change in Africa, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 35–60.
Sawyerr, A., 2004, “African universities and the challenge of research capacity development”, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, pp. 213–242.
Stiglitz, J., 1999, “Knowledge as a Global Public Good”, in Kaul, I., Grunberg, I. and Stern, M. A., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 308–325.
Teferra, D., ed., 2017, Flagship Universities in Africa, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Unterhalter, E., 2021, “A Longer View: Conceptualising Education, Identity and the Public Good in 1917 and 2016”, in Klerides, E. and Carney, S., eds, Identities and Education: Comparative Perspectives in Times of Crisis, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 203–221.
Unterhalter, E., Howell, C., Vigurs, C., France, R., and Candy, B., 2021, Mitigat- ing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Higher Education: A rapid evidence review, London: EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London.
Wangenge-Ouma, G., 2008, “Higher education marketisation and its discontents: the case of quality in Kenya”, Higher Education, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 457–471.
Woldegiorgis, E. T., Turner, I. and Brahima, A., eds, 2020, Decolonisation of Higher Education in Africa: Perspectives from Hybrid Knowledge Production, Abingdon: Routledge.
World Bank, 2009, Accelerating Catch-up: Tertiary Education and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank.