4 - District Assemblies in a Fix: The Perils of Self-Seeking Tendencies in Decentralisation Policy Reforms in Malawi
Corresponding Author(s) : Blessings Chinsinga
Africa Development,
Vol. 32 No. 1 (2007): Africa Development
Abstract
This article appraises the prospects of the District Assembly system inaugu- rated under the auspices of decentralisation policy reforms introduced to insti- tutionalise local governance structures and processes that are responsive, demo- cratic, and capable of improving the livelihoods of the poor. While there seems to be reasonable consensus about the desirability of a decentralised planning framework as a vehicle for sustainable governance, development and poverty reduction, most stakeholders are nevertheless primarily motivated by the desire to advance, safeguard and gratify self-interests. Therefore, the major thrust of the argument of this paper is that unless these self-seeking tendencies are effec- tively tamed, the trinity of good governance, development and poverty reduc- tion in the evolving structures and processes of local government will remain an unattainable ideal.
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- Anderson, M, 1995, Case Study: Malawi Development Fund, New York: UNCDF. Barkan, J., and Chege, M.,
- , ‘Decentralizing the State: District Focus and the Politics of Reallocation in Kenya’, Journal
- of Modern African Studies, 27, (3),
- -453.
- Boone, C., 2000, ‘State Building in the African Countryside: Structure and Politics at the
- Grassroots’, Journal of Development Studies, 34, (4), 1-31
- Blair, H., 2000, ‘Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in
- Six Countries’, World Development, 28, (1), 21-39.
- Chilowa, W., 1999, ‘The Impact of Agricultural Liberalisation of Food Security in Malawi’, Food
- Policy, 23, (6), 553-569.
- Chinsinga, B., 2002, ‘The Politics of Poverty Alleviation in Malawi: A Critical Review’, in
- Englund, H., ed., A Democracy of Chameleons: Politics and Culture in New Malawi, Uppsala: Nordiska
- Afrika Institutet.
- Chinsinga, B., 2003, ‘The Participatory Development Approach Under a Microscope: The Case of the
- Poverty Alleviation Programme in Malawi’, Journal of Social Development in Africa, 18 (1), 129-144.
- Chirwa, W., 2000, ‘Civil Society in Malawi’s Democratic Transition’, in Ott, M., et al., eds.,
- Malawi’s Second Democratic Elections, Blantyre: CLAIM.
- Crook, R., 2002, Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central
- Relations, Brighton,UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.
- Deolalikar, A., et al., 2002, Poverty Reduction and Role of Institutions in Developing Asia,
- Economics and Research Department Working Paper Series No. 18, Manila: Asian Development Bank.
- Fowler, A., 1997, Striking a Balance, London: Earthscan.
- Fozzard, A., and Simwaka, C., 2002, How, When and Why does Poverty get Budget Priority? London:
- Overseas Development Institute.
- Gama, J., et al., 2003, Linking the National and District Planning and Budgeting Systems, A Report
- Submitted to the Decentralisation Secretariat, Lilongwe, Malawi.
- Government of Malawi (GoM)/United Nations (UN), 1993, Situation Analysis of Poverty in Malawi,
- Lilongwe, Malawi.
- Government of Malawi (GoM), 1995, Policy Framework for Poverty Alleviation, PAP Coordinating Unit,
- Lilongwe, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.
- Government of Malawi (GoM)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1996, Decentralisation
- Policy Implementation: Capacity Assessment and Resource Needs Study, Lilongwe.
- Government of Malawi/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1998, Local Governance and
- Development Programme, Procurement Document, Lilongwe.
- Government of Malawi (GoM), 1999, Decentralisation in Malawi: Status and Trends, Lilongwe,
- Department of Local Government.
- Government of Malawi (GoM), 2001, Decentralisation Processes in Malawi: A Technical Cooperation
- Programme, Lilongwe: Decentralisation Secretariat. Harrigan, J., 2001, From Dictatorship to
- Democracy: Economic Policy in Malawi
- –2000, Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Ikhiri, K., 2001, Thoughts on the Relationship between Traditional and Modern Power in Niger,
- Available at http://www.kas.org.za/Publications/
- SeminarReports/Tradtionallocalparticipation/IKHIRI.pdf.
- Joshi, A., and Moore, M., 2002, ‘Enabling Environments: Do Anti-Poverty Programmes Mobilise the
- Poor?’, The Journal of Development Studies, 37, (1), 25-56.
- Kaunda, J., 1992, ‘The Administrative Organisation and Processes of National Development Planning
- in Malawi’, in Mhone, G., ed., Malawi at the Crossroads: The Postcolonial Economy, Harare: SAPES
- Books.
- Kauzya, J-M., 2003, Local Governance Capacity Building for Full Range Participation: Concepts,
- Frameworks, and Experiences in African Countries, Discussion paper N° 33. New York: United Nations.
- Kawonga, A., and Lungu, P., 1994, A Study in Decentralised Cooperation in Malawi, A Report
- Submitted to the Department of Local Government, Lilongwe. Litvack, J., et al., 1998, Rethinking
- Decentralisation in Developing Countries,
- Poverty Reduction and Economic (PREM), Washington DC: World Bank.
- Meinhardt, H., and Patel, N., 2003, Malawi’s Process of Democratic Transition: Analysis of
- Political Developments Between 1990 and 2003, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: Montfort Press.
- Moore, M., and Putzel, J., 1999, ‘Politics and Poverty: A Background Paper for the World
- Development Report 2000/1’, Available at http://www.worldbank.org/
- poverty/wdrpoverty/dfid/synthes.pdf.
- Mikkelsen, B., 1995, Methods for Development Research: A Guide for
- Practitioners, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
- Osmani, S., 2001, Participatory Governance and Poverty Reduction, Available at
- http://www.undp.org/dpa/publications/choicesforpoor/ENGLISH/
- CHAP05.PDF.
- Oyugi, W., 1996, Mid Term Evaluation Report of the Programme IV: Management
- for Development for GOM/UNDP 5th Country Programme, Lilongwe, UNDP,
- Lilongwe.
- Scholz, I., 2001, Promotion of Local Self-Governance in Africa as a Task of the
- Konrad Adenauer Foundation: Experiences and Prospects, Available at http:/
- /www.kas.org.za/Publication/SemminarReports/Traditionallocalparticipation/
- SCHOLZ.pdf
- United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), 1994, ‘Malawi Case Study’,
- Available at http://www.uncdf.org/projects/reports/ldf-rev/con-cdf.htm.
- United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), 2002, ‘Poverty and
- Governance’, A Paper Presented at the Fifth Africa Governance Forum (AGF
- V) Local Governance for Poverty Reduction in Africa, 23-25 May 2002, Maputo.
- Varshney, A., 1999, ‘Democracy and Poverty’, A Paper Prepared for the Conference
- on World Development Report 2000, World Bank, Available at http://
- www.worldbank.org/poverty/wdrpoverty/dfid/varshney.pdf.
- White, A., 2004, ‘Is Empowerment the Answer? Current Theory and Research on
- Development Communication’, The International Journal for Communication
- Studies, Vol. 66, No.1, pp 7-24.
References
Anderson, M, 1995, Case Study: Malawi Development Fund, New York: UNCDF. Barkan, J., and Chege, M.,
, ‘Decentralizing the State: District Focus and the Politics of Reallocation in Kenya’, Journal
of Modern African Studies, 27, (3),
-453.
Boone, C., 2000, ‘State Building in the African Countryside: Structure and Politics at the
Grassroots’, Journal of Development Studies, 34, (4), 1-31
Blair, H., 2000, ‘Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in
Six Countries’, World Development, 28, (1), 21-39.
Chilowa, W., 1999, ‘The Impact of Agricultural Liberalisation of Food Security in Malawi’, Food
Policy, 23, (6), 553-569.
Chinsinga, B., 2002, ‘The Politics of Poverty Alleviation in Malawi: A Critical Review’, in
Englund, H., ed., A Democracy of Chameleons: Politics and Culture in New Malawi, Uppsala: Nordiska
Afrika Institutet.
Chinsinga, B., 2003, ‘The Participatory Development Approach Under a Microscope: The Case of the
Poverty Alleviation Programme in Malawi’, Journal of Social Development in Africa, 18 (1), 129-144.
Chirwa, W., 2000, ‘Civil Society in Malawi’s Democratic Transition’, in Ott, M., et al., eds.,
Malawi’s Second Democratic Elections, Blantyre: CLAIM.
Crook, R., 2002, Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central
Relations, Brighton,UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.
Deolalikar, A., et al., 2002, Poverty Reduction and Role of Institutions in Developing Asia,
Economics and Research Department Working Paper Series No. 18, Manila: Asian Development Bank.
Fowler, A., 1997, Striking a Balance, London: Earthscan.
Fozzard, A., and Simwaka, C., 2002, How, When and Why does Poverty get Budget Priority? London:
Overseas Development Institute.
Gama, J., et al., 2003, Linking the National and District Planning and Budgeting Systems, A Report
Submitted to the Decentralisation Secretariat, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Government of Malawi (GoM)/United Nations (UN), 1993, Situation Analysis of Poverty in Malawi,
Lilongwe, Malawi.
Government of Malawi (GoM), 1995, Policy Framework for Poverty Alleviation, PAP Coordinating Unit,
Lilongwe, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.
Government of Malawi (GoM)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1996, Decentralisation
Policy Implementation: Capacity Assessment and Resource Needs Study, Lilongwe.
Government of Malawi/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1998, Local Governance and
Development Programme, Procurement Document, Lilongwe.
Government of Malawi (GoM), 1999, Decentralisation in Malawi: Status and Trends, Lilongwe,
Department of Local Government.
Government of Malawi (GoM), 2001, Decentralisation Processes in Malawi: A Technical Cooperation
Programme, Lilongwe: Decentralisation Secretariat. Harrigan, J., 2001, From Dictatorship to
Democracy: Economic Policy in Malawi
–2000, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Ikhiri, K., 2001, Thoughts on the Relationship between Traditional and Modern Power in Niger,
Available at http://www.kas.org.za/Publications/
SeminarReports/Tradtionallocalparticipation/IKHIRI.pdf.
Joshi, A., and Moore, M., 2002, ‘Enabling Environments: Do Anti-Poverty Programmes Mobilise the
Poor?’, The Journal of Development Studies, 37, (1), 25-56.
Kaunda, J., 1992, ‘The Administrative Organisation and Processes of National Development Planning
in Malawi’, in Mhone, G., ed., Malawi at the Crossroads: The Postcolonial Economy, Harare: SAPES
Books.
Kauzya, J-M., 2003, Local Governance Capacity Building for Full Range Participation: Concepts,
Frameworks, and Experiences in African Countries, Discussion paper N° 33. New York: United Nations.
Kawonga, A., and Lungu, P., 1994, A Study in Decentralised Cooperation in Malawi, A Report
Submitted to the Department of Local Government, Lilongwe. Litvack, J., et al., 1998, Rethinking
Decentralisation in Developing Countries,
Poverty Reduction and Economic (PREM), Washington DC: World Bank.
Meinhardt, H., and Patel, N., 2003, Malawi’s Process of Democratic Transition: Analysis of
Political Developments Between 1990 and 2003, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: Montfort Press.
Moore, M., and Putzel, J., 1999, ‘Politics and Poverty: A Background Paper for the World
Development Report 2000/1’, Available at http://www.worldbank.org/
poverty/wdrpoverty/dfid/synthes.pdf.
Mikkelsen, B., 1995, Methods for Development Research: A Guide for
Practitioners, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Osmani, S., 2001, Participatory Governance and Poverty Reduction, Available at
http://www.undp.org/dpa/publications/choicesforpoor/ENGLISH/
CHAP05.PDF.
Oyugi, W., 1996, Mid Term Evaluation Report of the Programme IV: Management
for Development for GOM/UNDP 5th Country Programme, Lilongwe, UNDP,
Lilongwe.
Scholz, I., 2001, Promotion of Local Self-Governance in Africa as a Task of the
Konrad Adenauer Foundation: Experiences and Prospects, Available at http:/
/www.kas.org.za/Publication/SemminarReports/Traditionallocalparticipation/
SCHOLZ.pdf
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), 1994, ‘Malawi Case Study’,
Available at http://www.uncdf.org/projects/reports/ldf-rev/con-cdf.htm.
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), 2002, ‘Poverty and
Governance’, A Paper Presented at the Fifth Africa Governance Forum (AGF
V) Local Governance for Poverty Reduction in Africa, 23-25 May 2002, Maputo.
Varshney, A., 1999, ‘Democracy and Poverty’, A Paper Prepared for the Conference
on World Development Report 2000, World Bank, Available at http://
www.worldbank.org/poverty/wdrpoverty/dfid/varshney.pdf.
White, A., 2004, ‘Is Empowerment the Answer? Current Theory and Research on
Development Communication’, The International Journal for Communication
Studies, Vol. 66, No.1, pp 7-24.