10 - Interrogating the Cost of Digital Technology and Trust in Elections in Africa: The Nigerian Perspective
Corresponding Author(s) : Felicia Osondu Okwueze
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 47 No 2 (2022): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur Technologies numériques et gestion des élections dans les processus de démocratisation en Afrique
Résumé
L'adoption de la technologie dans la démocratie électorale en Afrique est en pleine croissance. L'introduction de la technologie a ses aspects positifs, mais elle s'accompagne également de coûts et de problèmes de confiance, ce qui constitue un paradoxe. Cette étude est un travail descriptif qui a utilisé une analyse qualitative et quantitative. La théorie de l'administration électorale a été adoptée. Pour améliorer l'utilisation des technologies numériques, les Africains doivent être conscients de l'échec des contrôles et des équilibres numériques qui rendent souvent un processus électoral encore plus vulnérable à la fraude qu'il ne l'était auparavant. Dans le cadre de la conception de nouveaux systèmes de gestion des élections, cet article soutient que les Africains doivent faire un examen interne et intégrer les nouvelles technologies dans des contextes environnementaux et culturels pertinents afin de réduire les coûts tout en améliorant la confiance des électeurs.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Abbah, T., Abdulhamid, J., Agbese, A. et al., 2011, ‘Incredible tale of Nigeria’s most expensive Presidential campaigns’, Sunday Trust 20 March.
- Abubakar, A., 2015, ‘History of elections in Nigeria from independence’, People’s Daily, https://peoplesdaily.com.
- Abdallah, N., 2018, ‘Nigeria’s elections among world most expensive’, https://allafrica.com.
- Afolabi, O. S., 2011, ‘Theoretical and practical explorations of the conduct of elections in Nigeria’, Ife Social Sciences Review 24 (1).
- Ake, C., 2000, The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA. Ake, C., 2001, Democracy and Development in Africa, Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
- Akinkuotu, E., and Aluko, O., 2019, ‘Senate passes N189 billion on 2019 election budget’, in INEC: 2019 Election Project Plan, Vol. 2.
- Alvarez, M., and Hall, T., 2006, ‘Controlling democracy: the principal–agent problems in election administration’. Anaro, B., 2011, ‘2011 General Elections cost in Nigeria N470 billion, 1.9% of GDP’, Business Day, 16 June.
- Bratton, M., and Bhoojedhur, S., 2019, ‘PP58: Africans want open elections – especially if they bring change’, https://afrobarometer.org.
- Buchanan, B., and Sulmeyer, M., 2016, Hacking Chads: The Motivations, Threats & Effects of Electoral Insecurity, Harvard Kennedy School for Science and International Affairs, Belfer Center, Boston.
- Clayton, M., 2014, Ukraine Election Narrowly Avoided Wanton Destruction from Hackers, Christian Science Monitor.
- Cheeseman, N., Lynch, G., and Willis, J., 2018, ‘Digital dilemmas: the unintended consequences of election technology’, Democratization 25 (8): 1397–418.
- Daniel, N., Mbaegbu, R. and Lewis, P., 2015, ‘Nigeria heads for closest election on record’. David, N., Manu, Y. and Musa, A., 2015, ‘Elections, electoral reforms and abuse of the Electoral Act in Nigeria: an analysis of the 2015 electoral process’, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (4): 47–51.
- Domonoske, C., 2016, ‘It is decision time in the UK: voters settle Brexit question’, NPR.
- Dahir, A., 2017, ‘Kenya is set to hold one of the most expensive elections in Africa’, Quartz Africa.
- Fayemi, J. K., Jaye, T. and Yeebo, Z., 2003, ‘Democracy, security and poverty in Ghana: a mid-term review of the Kufuor administration’, Democracy and Development: Journal of West African Affairs 3 (3): 51–84.
- Iyayi, F., 2004, ‘The conduct of elections and electoral practices in Nigeria’, The Constitution 5 (2).
- Krause, G., 2008, ‘Electoral incentives, political business cycle and macroeconomic performance: empirical evidence from post-war US Personnel’.Levi, M., 1998, ‘A State of Trust’, in V. Braithwaite and M. Levi, eds, Trust and Governance, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Lopez-Pintor, R. and Fischer, J., 2005, ‘Cost of Registration of Elections (CORE) Project’, https://gsdr.org/document.
- Massicotte, L., Blaise, A. and Yoshinak, A., 2004, ‘Establishing the rules of the game: election laws in democracies’.Moynihan, D. P., 2004, ‘Building secure elections: e-voting, security, and systems theory’, Public Administration Review 64 (5): 515–28.
- Nnoli, O., 2003, Introduction to Politics, 2nd edition, Enugu: PACREP.
- Okonjo, I. M., 1974, British Administration in Nigeria, 1900–1950: A Nigerian View, New York, NY: NOK Publishers.
- Rousseau, D. M., Sim, B., Ronald, S. et al., 1998, ‘Not so different after all: a cross-discipline view of trust’, Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 393–404. Toby, J., 2020, Comparative Electoral Management: Performance, Networks and Instrument, London and New York, NY: Routledge.
- Yan , K., 2005, ‘Public administrator’s trust in citizens: a missing link in citizen involvement efforts’, Public Administration Review 65 (3): 273–85.
Les références
Abbah, T., Abdulhamid, J., Agbese, A. et al., 2011, ‘Incredible tale of Nigeria’s most expensive Presidential campaigns’, Sunday Trust 20 March.
Abubakar, A., 2015, ‘History of elections in Nigeria from independence’, People’s Daily, https://peoplesdaily.com.
Abdallah, N., 2018, ‘Nigeria’s elections among world most expensive’, https://allafrica.com.
Afolabi, O. S., 2011, ‘Theoretical and practical explorations of the conduct of elections in Nigeria’, Ife Social Sciences Review 24 (1).
Ake, C., 2000, The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA. Ake, C., 2001, Democracy and Development in Africa, Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
Akinkuotu, E., and Aluko, O., 2019, ‘Senate passes N189 billion on 2019 election budget’, in INEC: 2019 Election Project Plan, Vol. 2.
Alvarez, M., and Hall, T., 2006, ‘Controlling democracy: the principal–agent problems in election administration’. Anaro, B., 2011, ‘2011 General Elections cost in Nigeria N470 billion, 1.9% of GDP’, Business Day, 16 June.
Bratton, M., and Bhoojedhur, S., 2019, ‘PP58: Africans want open elections – especially if they bring change’, https://afrobarometer.org.
Buchanan, B., and Sulmeyer, M., 2016, Hacking Chads: The Motivations, Threats & Effects of Electoral Insecurity, Harvard Kennedy School for Science and International Affairs, Belfer Center, Boston.
Clayton, M., 2014, Ukraine Election Narrowly Avoided Wanton Destruction from Hackers, Christian Science Monitor.
Cheeseman, N., Lynch, G., and Willis, J., 2018, ‘Digital dilemmas: the unintended consequences of election technology’, Democratization 25 (8): 1397–418.
Daniel, N., Mbaegbu, R. and Lewis, P., 2015, ‘Nigeria heads for closest election on record’. David, N., Manu, Y. and Musa, A., 2015, ‘Elections, electoral reforms and abuse of the Electoral Act in Nigeria: an analysis of the 2015 electoral process’, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (4): 47–51.
Domonoske, C., 2016, ‘It is decision time in the UK: voters settle Brexit question’, NPR.
Dahir, A., 2017, ‘Kenya is set to hold one of the most expensive elections in Africa’, Quartz Africa.
Fayemi, J. K., Jaye, T. and Yeebo, Z., 2003, ‘Democracy, security and poverty in Ghana: a mid-term review of the Kufuor administration’, Democracy and Development: Journal of West African Affairs 3 (3): 51–84.
Iyayi, F., 2004, ‘The conduct of elections and electoral practices in Nigeria’, The Constitution 5 (2).
Krause, G., 2008, ‘Electoral incentives, political business cycle and macroeconomic performance: empirical evidence from post-war US Personnel’.Levi, M., 1998, ‘A State of Trust’, in V. Braithwaite and M. Levi, eds, Trust and Governance, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Lopez-Pintor, R. and Fischer, J., 2005, ‘Cost of Registration of Elections (CORE) Project’, https://gsdr.org/document.
Massicotte, L., Blaise, A. and Yoshinak, A., 2004, ‘Establishing the rules of the game: election laws in democracies’.Moynihan, D. P., 2004, ‘Building secure elections: e-voting, security, and systems theory’, Public Administration Review 64 (5): 515–28.
Nnoli, O., 2003, Introduction to Politics, 2nd edition, Enugu: PACREP.
Okonjo, I. M., 1974, British Administration in Nigeria, 1900–1950: A Nigerian View, New York, NY: NOK Publishers.
Rousseau, D. M., Sim, B., Ronald, S. et al., 1998, ‘Not so different after all: a cross-discipline view of trust’, Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 393–404. Toby, J., 2020, Comparative Electoral Management: Performance, Networks and Instrument, London and New York, NY: Routledge.
Yan , K., 2005, ‘Public administrator’s trust in citizens: a missing link in citizen involvement efforts’, Public Administration Review 65 (3): 273–85.