6 - The Role of Technology in the Process of Economic Development
Corresponding Author(s) : Ron Matthews
Africa Development,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (1987): Africa Development
Abstract
L'on pourrait décrire à juste titre l'Afrique comme le "dernier bastion" du monde où le développement économique reste à conquérir. Il faudrait que le Continent s'industrialise tout comme cela a été le cas dans les autres régions du Tiers Monde s'il veut s'affranchir de sa dépendance quasi totale des cultures de rente et partant des conditions climatiques pour pouvoir développer son économie. Or il importe au premier chef de placer le développement endogène de technologies au premier rang des politiques nationales pour que le processus d'industrialisation soit viable.
Cet article fait un inventaire des avantages économiques tirés par un pays qui encourage le développement des capacités nationales de fabrication de biens d'équipement. Les raisons fondamentales qui poussent les pays en cours d'industrialisation à déployer des efforts pour développer leur capacité de production de biens d'équipement transcendent en général les contraintes rencontrées au niveau de l'efficacité de fonctionnement de ce secteur au cours de la première phase de son évolution. De toute évidence, la thèse de l'industrie naissante a été brandie à telle enseigne qu'elle a fini par annihiler le rôle déterminant de l'efficacité économique pour la première étape du processus d'industrialisation, lui substituant pour une grande part une
pléthore de considérations non plus économiques.
L'auteur conclut son article, après avoir examiné l'une de ces considérations les plus importantes, sur une évaluation des diverses stratégies de développement technologique s'offrant à l'Afrique.
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- Alchian A. (1963), "Reliability of Progress Curves in Air Frame Production"* Econometrica, Vol. 31, N®4, Oct
- Amsden A. (1977), "The Division of Labour is limited by the type of Market the case of the Taiwanese Machine Tool Industry", World Development Vol. 5, N°3.
- Arrow K. (1962), "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing", Review of Economic Studies.
- Bhagwati, J. & Desai, P. (1970) "India: Planning for Industrialization", Oxford, Clarendon Press.
- Bhalla A. (1981 - ed.) Technology and Employment in Industry, Geneva ILO.
- Bruton H. (1979) "On the Production of Appropriate Technology", T echnology and Employment Programme, WEP2-22/WP49, ILO Geneva, June.
- Cheng C. Y. (1972) The Machine Building Industry in Communist China, Edinburgh University Press.
- Cooper C. (1980) "Policy Interventions for Technological Intervention in Developing Countries", World Bank Staff Working Papery. December.
- Cooper C., Kaplinski R. (1981) "Second-hand Machines in Developing Countries: Jute processing in Kenya", in Bhalla (81) op. cit.
- Cortez M. (1978) Argentina Technical Development and Technology Exports to other LDCs, Mimeo, World Banks, Washington.
- Domar E. (1972) "A Soviet Model of Growth", in Nove, A. and Nuti, D. (eds.) (1962) Socialist Economics, Penguin.
- Economic Survey (1984) Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, Governmentr of Kenya.
- Forje J. (1978-79) "Science and Technology: the African Search for a Third Way to Development", Alternatives (4), pp. 355-69.
- Gerschenkron A. (1952) "Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective", Hoselitz B. (ed.) The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas, University of Chicago Press.
- Hirsch W. (1952) "Progress Functions of Machine Tool Manufacturing", Econometrica, Vol. 20, N® 1, January.
- Hirschman A. D. (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development, New Haven.
- Hoffman W. (1958) The Growth of Industrial Economies, Manchester University Press.
- Lall S. (1984 - ed.) "Exports of Technology by Newly Developing Countries", World Development, vol.12, N® 5/6.
- Leff N. (1968) The Brazilian Capital Goods Industry 1929- 64, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
- Mahalanobis, P. (1953) "Some Observations on the Process of Growth of National Income" Sankya, the Indian Journal of Statistics, vol. 12, p. 4.
- Maizels A. (1963) Industrial Growth and World Trade, Cambridge University Press.
- Matthews R. (1981) The Techno-Economic Development of the Indian Machine Tool
- Industry, with Special Emphasis on Aspects Affecting Efficiency, PhD. Thesis, University of Glasgow.
- Mitra J. (1979) The Capital Goods Sector in LDCs: A Case of State Intervention, World Bank Staff Working Paper, N®343, July.
- Mkandawire T. (1981) Capital Goods, Accumulation and Technological Change: Some Theoretical and Practical Issues from Africa, Mimeo, Codesria, Senegal.
- Nove A. (1961) The Soviet Economy, Allen and Unwin.
- Okita S. (1980) The Developing Economies and Japan, University of Tokyo Press.
- Pack H. (1980) "Fostering the Capital Goods Sector in LDCs: A Survey of Evidence and Requirements" World Bank Staff Working Paper N° 376, March.
- Pack H., Todaro P. (1969) "Technological Change, Labour Absorption and Economic Development", Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 21, N®3, November.
- Rhee Y. & Westphal L. (1973) Planning Future Import Substitution and Export Expansion in Korea's Mechanical Engineering Industries, Paper presented to the joint Korea Development Institute - Harvard University Conference, Korea, October.
- Rostow W. W. (1959) "The Stages of Economic Growth" Economic History Review, August.
- Schumacher E. (1973) Small is Beautiful, Blond Briggs, London.
- Singh A. (1979) "The Basic Needs Approach to Development vs the New International Economic Order: the Significance of Third World Industrialization", World Development, Vol. 7.
- Stewart F. (1976) "Capital Goods in Developing Countries", in Employment, Revenue Distribution and Development Strategy, (eds.) Cairncross, A. and Puri, M. MacMillan Press.
- Stewart, F. (1979) "International Technology Transfer: Issues and Policy Options", World Bank Staff Working Paper, N® 344, Washington DC.
- United Nations Statistics in National Accounts (1976), New York.
- Wad A. (1954) "Science, Technology and Industrialization in Africa", Third World Quarterly 6(2) April.
- Westphal L., Yung W. A Pursell G. (1981) "Korean Industrial Competence: Where it Came from". World Bank Staff Working Paper, N® 469, Washington DC.
- Wilber C. (1969) The Soviet Model and Underdeveloped Countries, University of North Carolina Press.
- World Development Report (1984), World Bank, Oxford University Press, Annex on World Development Indicators.
References
Alchian A. (1963), "Reliability of Progress Curves in Air Frame Production"* Econometrica, Vol. 31, N®4, Oct
Amsden A. (1977), "The Division of Labour is limited by the type of Market the case of the Taiwanese Machine Tool Industry", World Development Vol. 5, N°3.
Arrow K. (1962), "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing", Review of Economic Studies.
Bhagwati, J. & Desai, P. (1970) "India: Planning for Industrialization", Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Bhalla A. (1981 - ed.) Technology and Employment in Industry, Geneva ILO.
Bruton H. (1979) "On the Production of Appropriate Technology", T echnology and Employment Programme, WEP2-22/WP49, ILO Geneva, June.
Cheng C. Y. (1972) The Machine Building Industry in Communist China, Edinburgh University Press.
Cooper C. (1980) "Policy Interventions for Technological Intervention in Developing Countries", World Bank Staff Working Papery. December.
Cooper C., Kaplinski R. (1981) "Second-hand Machines in Developing Countries: Jute processing in Kenya", in Bhalla (81) op. cit.
Cortez M. (1978) Argentina Technical Development and Technology Exports to other LDCs, Mimeo, World Banks, Washington.
Domar E. (1972) "A Soviet Model of Growth", in Nove, A. and Nuti, D. (eds.) (1962) Socialist Economics, Penguin.
Economic Survey (1984) Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, Governmentr of Kenya.
Forje J. (1978-79) "Science and Technology: the African Search for a Third Way to Development", Alternatives (4), pp. 355-69.
Gerschenkron A. (1952) "Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective", Hoselitz B. (ed.) The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas, University of Chicago Press.
Hirsch W. (1952) "Progress Functions of Machine Tool Manufacturing", Econometrica, Vol. 20, N® 1, January.
Hirschman A. D. (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development, New Haven.
Hoffman W. (1958) The Growth of Industrial Economies, Manchester University Press.
Lall S. (1984 - ed.) "Exports of Technology by Newly Developing Countries", World Development, vol.12, N® 5/6.
Leff N. (1968) The Brazilian Capital Goods Industry 1929- 64, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Mahalanobis, P. (1953) "Some Observations on the Process of Growth of National Income" Sankya, the Indian Journal of Statistics, vol. 12, p. 4.
Maizels A. (1963) Industrial Growth and World Trade, Cambridge University Press.
Matthews R. (1981) The Techno-Economic Development of the Indian Machine Tool
Industry, with Special Emphasis on Aspects Affecting Efficiency, PhD. Thesis, University of Glasgow.
Mitra J. (1979) The Capital Goods Sector in LDCs: A Case of State Intervention, World Bank Staff Working Paper, N®343, July.
Mkandawire T. (1981) Capital Goods, Accumulation and Technological Change: Some Theoretical and Practical Issues from Africa, Mimeo, Codesria, Senegal.
Nove A. (1961) The Soviet Economy, Allen and Unwin.
Okita S. (1980) The Developing Economies and Japan, University of Tokyo Press.
Pack H. (1980) "Fostering the Capital Goods Sector in LDCs: A Survey of Evidence and Requirements" World Bank Staff Working Paper N° 376, March.
Pack H., Todaro P. (1969) "Technological Change, Labour Absorption and Economic Development", Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 21, N®3, November.
Rhee Y. & Westphal L. (1973) Planning Future Import Substitution and Export Expansion in Korea's Mechanical Engineering Industries, Paper presented to the joint Korea Development Institute - Harvard University Conference, Korea, October.
Rostow W. W. (1959) "The Stages of Economic Growth" Economic History Review, August.
Schumacher E. (1973) Small is Beautiful, Blond Briggs, London.
Singh A. (1979) "The Basic Needs Approach to Development vs the New International Economic Order: the Significance of Third World Industrialization", World Development, Vol. 7.
Stewart F. (1976) "Capital Goods in Developing Countries", in Employment, Revenue Distribution and Development Strategy, (eds.) Cairncross, A. and Puri, M. MacMillan Press.
Stewart, F. (1979) "International Technology Transfer: Issues and Policy Options", World Bank Staff Working Paper, N® 344, Washington DC.
United Nations Statistics in National Accounts (1976), New York.
Wad A. (1954) "Science, Technology and Industrialization in Africa", Third World Quarterly 6(2) April.
Westphal L., Yung W. A Pursell G. (1981) "Korean Industrial Competence: Where it Came from". World Bank Staff Working Paper, N® 469, Washington DC.
Wilber C. (1969) The Soviet Model and Underdeveloped Countries, University of North Carolina Press.
World Development Report (1984), World Bank, Oxford University Press, Annex on World Development Indicators.