4 - The Politicization of the Education System: Implications for Peace in Sudan
Corresponding Author(s) : Hala Asmina Guta
Revue africaine des médias,
Vol. 17 No 1-2 (2009): Revue africaine des médias, Volume 17, n° 1 & 2, 2009
Résumé
Cet article jette un regard profond sur le système éducatif au Soudan et son rôle dans la cohésion/division sociale. Il analyse les thèmes qui ont été approuvés pour les livres enseignés à l’école. Les résultats de l’étude peuvent être résumés autour de trois points principaux : le curriculum encourage une version exclusiviste de l’identité soudanaise qui est pratiquement la même que celle des musulmans de l’Arabie du Nord ; l’héroïsme est associé à la guerre pendant que
les leçons d’histoire concernent l’histoire des guerres. Le troisième résultat consiste au fait que la guerre et la violence sont toujours liées et par conséquent légitimées. L’article défend que les institutions de l’éducation au Soudan n’ont
pas réussi à créer une harmonie et une cohésion entre les différents groupes ethniques. Au contraire, elles contribuent à la perpétuation des préjudices et de la violence. La réforme urgente du curriculum est une nécessité.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Al Mubarak, K., 2001, Turabi’s ‘Islamist’Venture: Failure and Implications, Cairo: El Dar El Thaqafiai.
- Al Turabi, H., 1994, [Video], ‘The Islamic State’, Epicflow Production of Channel Four, Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities and Sciences.
- Apple, M. W., 1992, ‘The Text and Cultural Politics’, Educational Researcher, 21, 4-19.
- Ap le, M.W., 1993, ‘The Politics of Official Knowledge: Does a National Curriculum Make Sense?’, Teachers College Record, 95(2), 222-241.
- Apple, M. W. and Christian-Smith, L. K., eds., 1991, The Politics of the Textbook. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Bigombe, B., Collier, P. and Sambanis, N., 2000, ‘Policies for Building Post-conflict Peace’, Journal of African Economies, 9(3), 323-348.
- Biong, L. D., 2003, ‘Education in Southern Sudan: War, Status and Challenges of Achieving Education for All Goals’, Paper prepared for UNESCO EFA Moni- toring Report.
- Bush, D. and Saltarelli, D., 2000, ‘The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict: Towards a Peace
- Building Education for Children’, Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
- Collins, R., 1983, Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan, 1918- 1956. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Daly, M.W. and Sikainga, A., 1993, Civil War in the Sudan. London: British Aca- demic Press.
- Deng, F., 1995, War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington, DC: The Brooking
- Institution.
- Entman, M .R., 1993, ‘Framing: Towards a Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm’, Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.
- Evans, S. and Rosenzweig, R., 1992, ‘Textbooks and Teaching’, The Journal of American History,
- (4), 1377-1379.
- Freire, Paulo, 1993, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Continuum.
- Graham-Brown, S., 1994, ‘The Role of the Curriculum: Education Rights and Mi- norities’, London: Minority Rights Group.
- Johnson, R., 1990, ‘A New Road to Serfdom? A Critical History of the 1988 Act’, in Education Group 2, ed., Education Limited: Schooling, Training and the New Right in England since 1979, London: Unwin Hyman.
- Jok, M. J., 2001, War and Slavery in Sudan, Philadelphia: University of Pennsyl- vania Press.
- Keen, S., 1991, ‘Why Peace isn’t Covered’, Media and Values, 56. Retrieved from: http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article77.html
- Kellow, L. C. and Steeves, L., 1998, ‘The Role of Radio in the Rwandan Genocide’, Journal of Communication, 48(3), 107-128.
- Khalid, M., 1990, The Government they Deserve: The Role of the Elite in Sudan’s Political Evolution, New York: Routledge.
- Khalid, M., 2003, War and Peace in Sudan: A Tale of Two Countries, London: Kegan Paul.
- Loisa, K., 2005, ‘Conflict, Profit and Power: The Case of Sudan’, Paper presented at the Sudanese Studies Association Conference, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Mukhtar, Al-Baqir, 2004, ‘The Crisis of Identity in Northern Sudan: A Dilemma of a Black People
- with a White Culture’, in C. Lobban and K. Rhode, eds., Race and Identity in the Nile Valley: Ancient and Contemporary Perspectives, Trenton: Red Sea Press.
- Sarkesian, S. C., 1973, The Southern Sudan: A Reassessment, African Studies Review, 16 (1), 1-22.
- Selman, S. A. et al., 2003, ‘Sudanese Experience in the Development and Evalua- tion of the Basic Education Curriculum’, Khartoum: Federal Ministry of Edu- cation, the National Centre for Curriculum and Educational Research.
- Shor, I., 1992, Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Sudan Constitution, 2005, Retrieved from: Http://Www.Sudanembassy.Org/Default.AspPage=Thisi ssudan_People
- Tawil, S., and Harley, A., eds., 2004, Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, Paris: UNESCO, International Bureau of Education.
- The National Centre for Curriculum Development and Educational Research, n.d., Elements of Basic Education Curriculum, Khartoum: Federal Ministry of Education.
Les références
Al Mubarak, K., 2001, Turabi’s ‘Islamist’Venture: Failure and Implications, Cairo: El Dar El Thaqafiai.
Al Turabi, H., 1994, [Video], ‘The Islamic State’, Epicflow Production of Channel Four, Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities and Sciences.
Apple, M. W., 1992, ‘The Text and Cultural Politics’, Educational Researcher, 21, 4-19.
Ap le, M.W., 1993, ‘The Politics of Official Knowledge: Does a National Curriculum Make Sense?’, Teachers College Record, 95(2), 222-241.
Apple, M. W. and Christian-Smith, L. K., eds., 1991, The Politics of the Textbook. New York: Teachers College Press.
Bigombe, B., Collier, P. and Sambanis, N., 2000, ‘Policies for Building Post-conflict Peace’, Journal of African Economies, 9(3), 323-348.
Biong, L. D., 2003, ‘Education in Southern Sudan: War, Status and Challenges of Achieving Education for All Goals’, Paper prepared for UNESCO EFA Moni- toring Report.
Bush, D. and Saltarelli, D., 2000, ‘The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict: Towards a Peace
Building Education for Children’, Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
Collins, R., 1983, Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan, 1918- 1956. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Daly, M.W. and Sikainga, A., 1993, Civil War in the Sudan. London: British Aca- demic Press.
Deng, F., 1995, War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington, DC: The Brooking
Institution.
Entman, M .R., 1993, ‘Framing: Towards a Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm’, Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.
Evans, S. and Rosenzweig, R., 1992, ‘Textbooks and Teaching’, The Journal of American History,
(4), 1377-1379.
Freire, Paulo, 1993, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Continuum.
Graham-Brown, S., 1994, ‘The Role of the Curriculum: Education Rights and Mi- norities’, London: Minority Rights Group.
Johnson, R., 1990, ‘A New Road to Serfdom? A Critical History of the 1988 Act’, in Education Group 2, ed., Education Limited: Schooling, Training and the New Right in England since 1979, London: Unwin Hyman.
Jok, M. J., 2001, War and Slavery in Sudan, Philadelphia: University of Pennsyl- vania Press.
Keen, S., 1991, ‘Why Peace isn’t Covered’, Media and Values, 56. Retrieved from: http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article77.html
Kellow, L. C. and Steeves, L., 1998, ‘The Role of Radio in the Rwandan Genocide’, Journal of Communication, 48(3), 107-128.
Khalid, M., 1990, The Government they Deserve: The Role of the Elite in Sudan’s Political Evolution, New York: Routledge.
Khalid, M., 2003, War and Peace in Sudan: A Tale of Two Countries, London: Kegan Paul.
Loisa, K., 2005, ‘Conflict, Profit and Power: The Case of Sudan’, Paper presented at the Sudanese Studies Association Conference, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Mukhtar, Al-Baqir, 2004, ‘The Crisis of Identity in Northern Sudan: A Dilemma of a Black People
with a White Culture’, in C. Lobban and K. Rhode, eds., Race and Identity in the Nile Valley: Ancient and Contemporary Perspectives, Trenton: Red Sea Press.
Sarkesian, S. C., 1973, The Southern Sudan: A Reassessment, African Studies Review, 16 (1), 1-22.
Selman, S. A. et al., 2003, ‘Sudanese Experience in the Development and Evalua- tion of the Basic Education Curriculum’, Khartoum: Federal Ministry of Edu- cation, the National Centre for Curriculum and Educational Research.
Shor, I., 1992, Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sudan Constitution, 2005, Retrieved from: Http://Www.Sudanembassy.Org/Default.AspPage=Thisi ssudan_People
Tawil, S., and Harley, A., eds., 2004, Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, Paris: UNESCO, International Bureau of Education.
The National Centre for Curriculum Development and Educational Research, n.d., Elements of Basic Education Curriculum, Khartoum: Federal Ministry of Education.