1 - Black Hawk Down and the Framing of Somalia: Pop Culture as News and News as Pop Fiction
Corresponding Author(s) : Nixon Kariithi
Revue africaine des médias,
Vol. 16 No 1 (2008): Revue africaine des médias, Volume 16, n° 1, 2008
Résumé
A un mois à peine de la fin de son mandat à la tête des États-Unis, le président
H.W. Bush a ordonne l’envoi de 28 000 marines en Somalie. Il s’agissait là de la
plus vaste opération humanitaire menée par l’Amérique depuis un certain nombre
d’années. Cette opération avait pour but de sauver des affres de la famine, des
milliers de civils somaliens pris entre les feux croisés de factions rivales engagées
dans la poursuite du pouvoir à la faveur de la chute du gouvernement central.
Cette entreprise s’est soldée par un échec. Ce présent article se propose, dans
un premier temps, d’analyser le fondement et la nature de la projection par les
media américains d’information et de divertissement de cet événement pendant
l’aventure américaine en Somalie et après les événements du 11 septembre 2001, et dans un deuxième temps, d’examiner l’image de la Somalie telle que créée dans
l’esprit du public américain par la couverture médiatique de cet événement.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- African Medical Research Foundation, 1991, ‘Food Security and Malnutrition in
- Horn Region’, Nairobi.
- Bowden, M., 1997, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, New York: Atlantic
- Monthly Press.
- Cook, B., 2002, ‘Interview with Paul Tatara’, Flak Magazine, October 20.
- Cnn.com, 2001, ‘Entertainment Tonight’, December 30.
- The Economist, 1990, ‘Somalia: The Mayor of Mogadishu’, September 2, p. 51.
- Epstein, E., 1973, News From Nowhere, New York: Vintage Books.
- Gitlin, T., 1980, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and
- Unmaking of the New Left, Berkeley: University of California.
- Griffith, T., 1974, How True: A Skeptic’s Guide to Believing the News, Boston:
- Little, Brown and Company.
- Hall, S., 1973. ‘The Determinations of the News Photograph,’ in Stanley Cohen
- and Jack Young, The Manufacture of News, London: Constable.
- Howe, Q., 1968, The News and How to Understand It, New York: Greenwood
- Press.
- Human Rights Watch, 1993, ‘Somalia: Beyond the Warlords; The Need for a Verdict
- on Human Rights Abuses’, March 7, Vol. V, Issue no. 2.
- The Independent, 1993, ‘Why Somalia and Why Now?’ London, January 16.
- Lippman, T., W. and Gellman B. , 1993a, ‘A Humanitarian Gesture Turns Deadly’,
- The Washington Post, October 10, p.1.
- Lippman, T., 1993b, ‘Oakley’s Carrot for Aideed: 10,000 Somali Casualties in Four
- Months’ The Washington Post, December 8, p.2.
- Lyman, R., 2001, ‘An Action Film Hits Close, but How Close?’ The New York
- Times, Vol. CLI, no. 51, December 26.
- Mitchell, E., 2001, ‘Mission of Mercy Goes Bad in Africa’ The New York Times,
- Vol. CLI, no. 51, December 28.
- Sunday Standard, 1980, ‘Leaders Attack Barre-U.S. Pact’, Nairobi, July 9.
- Tatara, P., 2001, ‘Black Hawk a Letdown’, Cnn.com, December 28.
- United Nations, 1989, Africa Recovery, vol. 3, no. 1, p.2, New York.
- U.S. State Department, 1990, Country Reports: Somalia, Wells, Jeffery, 2002, ‘Hollywood
- Confidential, Reel.com’, Washington DC, February 6.
- Weekly Review, 1980, ‘Barre: The Black Man’s Burden’, Nairobi, July 14.
- Williams, W. A., 1982, Empire as a Way of Life, New York: Oxford University Press.
- World Bank, 1988, World Development Report, Washington D C.
- World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Development,
- Washington DC.
Les références
African Medical Research Foundation, 1991, ‘Food Security and Malnutrition in
Horn Region’, Nairobi.
Bowden, M., 1997, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, New York: Atlantic
Monthly Press.
Cook, B., 2002, ‘Interview with Paul Tatara’, Flak Magazine, October 20.
Cnn.com, 2001, ‘Entertainment Tonight’, December 30.
The Economist, 1990, ‘Somalia: The Mayor of Mogadishu’, September 2, p. 51.
Epstein, E., 1973, News From Nowhere, New York: Vintage Books.
Gitlin, T., 1980, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and
Unmaking of the New Left, Berkeley: University of California.
Griffith, T., 1974, How True: A Skeptic’s Guide to Believing the News, Boston:
Little, Brown and Company.
Hall, S., 1973. ‘The Determinations of the News Photograph,’ in Stanley Cohen
and Jack Young, The Manufacture of News, London: Constable.
Howe, Q., 1968, The News and How to Understand It, New York: Greenwood
Press.
Human Rights Watch, 1993, ‘Somalia: Beyond the Warlords; The Need for a Verdict
on Human Rights Abuses’, March 7, Vol. V, Issue no. 2.
The Independent, 1993, ‘Why Somalia and Why Now?’ London, January 16.
Lippman, T., W. and Gellman B. , 1993a, ‘A Humanitarian Gesture Turns Deadly’,
The Washington Post, October 10, p.1.
Lippman, T., 1993b, ‘Oakley’s Carrot for Aideed: 10,000 Somali Casualties in Four
Months’ The Washington Post, December 8, p.2.
Lyman, R., 2001, ‘An Action Film Hits Close, but How Close?’ The New York
Times, Vol. CLI, no. 51, December 26.
Mitchell, E., 2001, ‘Mission of Mercy Goes Bad in Africa’ The New York Times,
Vol. CLI, no. 51, December 28.
Sunday Standard, 1980, ‘Leaders Attack Barre-U.S. Pact’, Nairobi, July 9.
Tatara, P., 2001, ‘Black Hawk a Letdown’, Cnn.com, December 28.
United Nations, 1989, Africa Recovery, vol. 3, no. 1, p.2, New York.
U.S. State Department, 1990, Country Reports: Somalia, Wells, Jeffery, 2002, ‘Hollywood
Confidential, Reel.com’, Washington DC, February 6.
Weekly Review, 1980, ‘Barre: The Black Man’s Burden’, Nairobi, July 14.
Williams, W. A., 1982, Empire as a Way of Life, New York: Oxford University Press.
World Bank, 1988, World Development Report, Washington D C.
World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Development,
Washington DC.