5 - Reassessing the Impact of Colonial Languages on the African Identity for African Development
Corresponding Author(s) : M. S. C. Okolo
Revue africaine des médias,
Vol. 13 No 2 (2005): Revue africaine des médias, Volume 13, n° 2, 2005
Résumé
La question du développement africain est analysée comme constituant un lien étroit entre développement et langue. La langue à elle seule influence, définit et permet d’interpréter tous les autres aspects de la vie humaine. En outre, lorsque
nous pensons au développement, nous pensons aux ressources humaines, aux personnes qui constituent des agents actifs permettant de faire des réalisations dans diverses activités. Nous ne pouvons disposer d’un bon capital humain, si
les personnes qui la composent sont des individus définis par les autres à travers des mots péjoratifs et qui, inconsciemment, ont accepté ces mots comme étant des indicateurs de leur réelle identité. L’objet de mon étude est la langue anglaise, qui symbolise diverses attitudes, divers référentiels et perceptions qui ont considérablement contribué à modifier l’identité des Africains. Etant donné que les mots guident l’interprétation de la réalité sociale, l’Afrique qui est
située du mauvais côté par rapport aux langues coloniales, et ne peut effectuer de progrès substantiels en termes de civilisation spirituelle et matérielle. L’auteur conclut en affirmant que les efforts de l’Afrique vers le développement durable continueront d’être mis à rude épreuve, tant que les déséquilibres linguistiques qui désavantagent les Africains ne seront pas analysés et corrigés.
Mots-clés
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- Adeniran, A., 1994, ‘Aspects of the Sociology of Language in Africa’, in Samuel O. Asein and Festus A. Adesanoye, eds., Language and Polity: Essays on Language and Society in Africa, Ibadan: Sam Bookman Educational.
- Altick, R. D., 1976, ‘Connotation’, in Caroline D. Eckhardt, ed., The Wiley Reader, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Bosmajian, H. A., 1990, ‘Language’, in Janet Madden-Simpson and Sara M. Blake, eds., Emerging Voices: A Cross-Cultural Reader, Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Conrad, J., 1950, Heart of Darkness, [1899], in Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness and the Secret Sharer, New York: Penguin Publishers.
- Davis, O., 1976, ‘The English Language is my Enemy’, in Caroline D. Eckhardt, ed., The Wiley Reader, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Ford, J., 1996, ‘20/20 Hindsight’, in Sheena Gillespie and Robert Singleton, eds., Across Cultures, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Hegel, G. W. F., 1991, The Philosophy of History, Translated by J. Sibree,Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.
- Hume, D., 1964, ‘Of National Character’, in Thomas Hill Green and Thomas H. Grose, eds., The Philosophical Works, Darmstadt 3, no 1.
- Isaiah, 1996, Chapter 62, verse 4, Classics Devotional Bible, New International version,Grand Rapids, USA: Zondervan Publishing House.
- Ka t, I., 1960, Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime, Translated by J. I. Goldthwait, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
- Kwofie, E. N., 1972, ‘The Language Question and Language Consciousness in West Africa’, African Studies Association of the West Indies, Bulletin no. 5, December.
- Lugard, F. D., 1922, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa,Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons.
- Lugard, F. D., 1968, The Rise of our East African Empire, vol. 1,London: Frank Cass. Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 1972, Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Lit- erature, Culture and Politics, London: Heinemann.
- Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 1986, Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature, London: James Currey; Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya; Port- smouth N.H: Heinemann.
- Soyinka, W., 1976, ‘Telephone Conversation’, in K. E Senanu and T. Vincent, eds., A Selection of African Poetry, London: Longman.
- The Chambers Dictionary, New Edition, 1998, Great Britain: Chambers Harrap Publishers.
- The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, 1989, Vol.11, ‘B.B.C.— Chalypsography’, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- The Oxford Companion to the English Language, Abridged Edition, 1996, Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.
Les références
Adeniran, A., 1994, ‘Aspects of the Sociology of Language in Africa’, in Samuel O. Asein and Festus A. Adesanoye, eds., Language and Polity: Essays on Language and Society in Africa, Ibadan: Sam Bookman Educational.
Altick, R. D., 1976, ‘Connotation’, in Caroline D. Eckhardt, ed., The Wiley Reader, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Bosmajian, H. A., 1990, ‘Language’, in Janet Madden-Simpson and Sara M. Blake, eds., Emerging Voices: A Cross-Cultural Reader, Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Conrad, J., 1950, Heart of Darkness, [1899], in Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness and the Secret Sharer, New York: Penguin Publishers.
Davis, O., 1976, ‘The English Language is my Enemy’, in Caroline D. Eckhardt, ed., The Wiley Reader, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Ford, J., 1996, ‘20/20 Hindsight’, in Sheena Gillespie and Robert Singleton, eds., Across Cultures, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Hegel, G. W. F., 1991, The Philosophy of History, Translated by J. Sibree,Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.
Hume, D., 1964, ‘Of National Character’, in Thomas Hill Green and Thomas H. Grose, eds., The Philosophical Works, Darmstadt 3, no 1.
Isaiah, 1996, Chapter 62, verse 4, Classics Devotional Bible, New International version,Grand Rapids, USA: Zondervan Publishing House.
Ka t, I., 1960, Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime, Translated by J. I. Goldthwait, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
Kwofie, E. N., 1972, ‘The Language Question and Language Consciousness in West Africa’, African Studies Association of the West Indies, Bulletin no. 5, December.
Lugard, F. D., 1922, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa,Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons.
Lugard, F. D., 1968, The Rise of our East African Empire, vol. 1,London: Frank Cass. Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 1972, Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Lit- erature, Culture and Politics, London: Heinemann.
Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 1986, Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature, London: James Currey; Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya; Port- smouth N.H: Heinemann.
Soyinka, W., 1976, ‘Telephone Conversation’, in K. E Senanu and T. Vincent, eds., A Selection of African Poetry, London: Longman.
The Chambers Dictionary, New Edition, 1998, Great Britain: Chambers Harrap Publishers.
The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, 1989, Vol.11, ‘B.B.C.— Chalypsography’, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
The Oxford Companion to the English Language, Abridged Edition, 1996, Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.