10- Measuring Ethnic Identification and Attachment in sub-Saharan Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Yoku Shaw-Taylor
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2008): African Sociological Review
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- Afrobarometer Surveys, 2008, http://www.afrobarometer.org, accessed March 3, 2008.
- Atiku-Abubakar, Jennifer, J. and Yoku Shaw-Taylor, 2003, ‘An Empirical Profile of Weak States in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Africa Development, XXVIII (3&4): 168-185.
- Baker, Peter, 2008, ‘Bush, in Africa, Issues Warning to Kenya’, Washington Post: February 17: A17.Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2007, Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
- Bogardus, Emory S., 1926, ‘Social Distance in the City’, Proceedings and Publications of the American Sociological Society. 20:40-46.
- Boutwell, Jeffrey and Michael Klare, 2000, ‘Waging a New Kind of War: A Scourge of Small Arms’, Scientific American 282 (6): 48-53.
- Commission on Weak States and US National Security, 2004, On the Brink: Weak States and US National Security, Washington, DC: Center for Globa Development.
- Country Indicators for Foreign Policy, 2007, Failed and Fragile States. Ottawa, Ontario: Carleton University.
- Davidson, Basil, 1992, The Black Man’s Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. New York: Random House.
- Fund for Peace 2006, Failed States Index, Washington DC. http://www.fundforpeace.org, accessed April 15, 2008.
- Gamba, Virginia, 1998, ‘Small Arms Foster Social Turmoil: Illegal Trafficking Disrupts African Communities, Spreads Crime’, Africa Recovery 12 (August): 24.
- Gettleman, Jeffrey, 2008, ‘Signs in Kenya of a Land Redrawn by Ethnicity’, New York Times: February 15: A1.
- Glickman, Harvey, ed., 1995, Ethnic Conflict and Democratization in Africa. Atlanta: GA: African Studies Association Press.
- Hewitt, J. Joseph, Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Ted Robert Gurr, 2008, Peace and Conflict 2008. Center for International Development and Conflict Management. College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
- Irobi, Emmy, 2005, Ethnic Conflict Management in Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Nigeria and South Africa. Parker, CO: Outskirts Press.
- Kasfir, Nelson, 2004, ‘Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas and Violent Predation: Causes of Failure’, pp. 53-76, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Kieh, George Klay and Ida Rousseau Mukenge, eds., 2002, Zones of Conflict in Africa: Theories and Cases. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
- Klare, Micheal T., ed., 1999, Light Weapons and Civil Conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Klare, Micheal T., 2004, ‘The Deadly Connection: Paramilitary Bands, Small Arms Diffusion and State Failure’, pp. 116-134, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Lumpe, Lora, ed., 2000, Running Guns: The Global Black Market in Small Arms. New York:Zed Books.
- Marshall, Monty G. and Jack Goldstone, 2007, ‘Global Report on Conflict, Governance and State Fragility’, Foreign Policy Bulletin 17 (March):3-22.
- Nnoli, Okwudiba, ed., 1998, Ethnic Conflicts in Africa. Dakar, Senegal: Codesria.
- Rice, Susan E. and Stewart Patrick, 2008, Index of State Weakness in the Developing World.Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
- Rotberg, Robert I., ed., 2004, ‘The Failure and Collapse of Nation-States: Breakdown, Prevention and Repair’, pp. 1-50, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert I. Rotberg.
- Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Rothchild, Donald, 1997, Managing Ethnic Conflict: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
- Small Arms Survey, 2001, Profiling the Problem. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- Small Arms Survey, 2006, Unfinished Business. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- Young, Crawford, 1994, ‘Evolving Modes of Consciousness and Ideology: Nationalism and Ethnicity’, pp. 61-86, inedited by David E. Apter and Carl G. Rosberg. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.
References
Afrobarometer Surveys, 2008, http://www.afrobarometer.org, accessed March 3, 2008.
Atiku-Abubakar, Jennifer, J. and Yoku Shaw-Taylor, 2003, ‘An Empirical Profile of Weak States in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Africa Development, XXVIII (3&4): 168-185.
Baker, Peter, 2008, ‘Bush, in Africa, Issues Warning to Kenya’, Washington Post: February 17: A17.Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2007, Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
Bogardus, Emory S., 1926, ‘Social Distance in the City’, Proceedings and Publications of the American Sociological Society. 20:40-46.
Boutwell, Jeffrey and Michael Klare, 2000, ‘Waging a New Kind of War: A Scourge of Small Arms’, Scientific American 282 (6): 48-53.
Commission on Weak States and US National Security, 2004, On the Brink: Weak States and US National Security, Washington, DC: Center for Globa Development.
Country Indicators for Foreign Policy, 2007, Failed and Fragile States. Ottawa, Ontario: Carleton University.
Davidson, Basil, 1992, The Black Man’s Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. New York: Random House.
Fund for Peace 2006, Failed States Index, Washington DC. http://www.fundforpeace.org, accessed April 15, 2008.
Gamba, Virginia, 1998, ‘Small Arms Foster Social Turmoil: Illegal Trafficking Disrupts African Communities, Spreads Crime’, Africa Recovery 12 (August): 24.
Gettleman, Jeffrey, 2008, ‘Signs in Kenya of a Land Redrawn by Ethnicity’, New York Times: February 15: A1.
Glickman, Harvey, ed., 1995, Ethnic Conflict and Democratization in Africa. Atlanta: GA: African Studies Association Press.
Hewitt, J. Joseph, Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Ted Robert Gurr, 2008, Peace and Conflict 2008. Center for International Development and Conflict Management. College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
Irobi, Emmy, 2005, Ethnic Conflict Management in Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Nigeria and South Africa. Parker, CO: Outskirts Press.
Kasfir, Nelson, 2004, ‘Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas and Violent Predation: Causes of Failure’, pp. 53-76, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kieh, George Klay and Ida Rousseau Mukenge, eds., 2002, Zones of Conflict in Africa: Theories and Cases. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Klare, Micheal T., ed., 1999, Light Weapons and Civil Conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Klare, Micheal T., 2004, ‘The Deadly Connection: Paramilitary Bands, Small Arms Diffusion and State Failure’, pp. 116-134, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lumpe, Lora, ed., 2000, Running Guns: The Global Black Market in Small Arms. New York:Zed Books.
Marshall, Monty G. and Jack Goldstone, 2007, ‘Global Report on Conflict, Governance and State Fragility’, Foreign Policy Bulletin 17 (March):3-22.
Nnoli, Okwudiba, ed., 1998, Ethnic Conflicts in Africa. Dakar, Senegal: Codesria.
Rice, Susan E. and Stewart Patrick, 2008, Index of State Weakness in the Developing World.Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Rotberg, Robert I., ed., 2004, ‘The Failure and Collapse of Nation-States: Breakdown, Prevention and Repair’, pp. 1-50, in When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert I. Rotberg.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rothchild, Donald, 1997, Managing Ethnic Conflict: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Small Arms Survey, 2001, Profiling the Problem. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Small Arms Survey, 2006, Unfinished Business. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Young, Crawford, 1994, ‘Evolving Modes of Consciousness and Ideology: Nationalism and Ethnicity’, pp. 61-86, inedited by David E. Apter and Carl G. Rosberg. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.