7 - Jul'hoansi Adaptations to a Cash Economy
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2000): African Sociological Review
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- Altman, J.C. (1987) Hunter-Gatherers Today: An Aboriginal Economy in North Aus tralia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
- Altman, Jon, & Peterson, Nicolas. (1988). 'Rights to game and rights to cash among contemporary Australian hunter-gatherers'. Pp. 75-94 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
- Bank, Andrew, (ed.) (1998). The Proceedings of the Khoisan Identities and Cultural Heritage Conference. Bellville: The Institute for Historical Research, University of the Western Cape.
- Barnard, Alan. (1992). Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Eth nography of the Khoisan Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Barnard, Alan. (1996). 'Laurens van der Post and the Kalahari debate'. Pp. 239-247 in Pippa Skotnes (ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
- Biesele, Megan. (1993). Women Like Meat: The Folklore and Foraging Ideology of the Kalahari Ju/Ohoan. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press.
- Binford, Lewis R. (1980). 'Willow smoke and dogs' tails: Hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation.' American Antiquity 45: 4-20.
- Bird-David, Nurit. (1990). 'The giving environment: Another perspective on the eco nomic system of hunter-gatherers.' Current Anthropology 31: 189-196.
- Bird-David, Nurit. (1992a). 'Beyond "the hunting and gathering mode of subsistence": Culture-sensitive observations on the Nayaka and other modem hunter-gatherers.' Man 27: 19-44.
- Bird-David, Nurit. (1992b). 'Beyond "the original affluent society": A culturalist reformulation.' Current Anthropology 33: 25-34.
- Botelle, Andy, & Rohde, Rick. (1995). Those Who Live on the Land: ASocio-economic Baseline Survey for Land Use Planning in the Communal Areas of Eastern Otjozondjupa. Windhoek: Republic of Namibia. Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation.
- Burch, Ernest S., Jr. (1988). 'Modes of exchange in north-west Alaska.' Pp. 95-109 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
- Cashden, Elizabeth, ed. (1990). Risk and Uncertainty in Tribal and Peasant Econ omies. Boulder: Westview Press.
- Denbow, James R. (1984). 'Prehistoric herders and foragers of the Kalahari: The evi dence of 1500 years of interaction.' Pp. 175-193 in Carmel Schrire (ed.), Past and Present in Hunter-Gatherer Studies. Orlando: Academic Press.
- Endicott, Kirk. (1988). 'Property, power and conflict among the Batek of Malaysia.' Pp. 110-127 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
- Gardner, Peter M. (1993). 'Dimensions of subsistence foraging in south India.' Ethnol ogy 32: 543-544.
- Gordon,RobertJ. (1992). The Bushman Myth: TheMakingofaNamibian Underclass. Boulder: Westview Press.
- Headland, Thomas N., & Reid, Lawrence A (1989). 'Hunter-gatherersand theirneigh bors from prehistory to the present.' Current Anthropology 30: 43-66.
- Ingold, Tim. (1988). 'Notes on the foraging mode of production.' Pp. 269-285 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 1. Oxford: Berg.
- Katz, Richard, Biesele, Megan, & St. Denis, Verna. (l 997). Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spiritual and Cultural Transformations among the Kalahari Ju/'hoansi. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.
- Keeley, L. (1988). 'Hunter-gatherer complexity and "population pressure": A cross-cultural analysis.' Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 7: 373-411.
- Kelly, Robert L. (1995). The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways.Washington:
- The Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Kent, Susan. (1992). 'The current forager controversy: Real versus ideal views of hunter-gatherers.' Man 27: 45-70.
- Kent, Susan. (1993). 'Sharing in an egalitarian Kalahari community.' Man 28: 479-514. Leacock, Eleanor, & Lee, Richard B. (l 982). 'Introduction.' Pp. 1-19 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Lee, Richard B. (l 979). The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Lee, Richard B. (l 992). 'Art, science, or politics? The crisis in hunter-gatherer studies.'American Anthropologist 94: 31-54.
- Lee, Richard B., & DeVore, Irving, eds. (1968). Man the Hunter. Chicago: Aldine.
- Lee, Richard B., & Hurlich, Susan. (1982). 'From foragers to fighters: South Africa's militarization of the Namibian San.' Pp. 327-345 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer sity Press.
- Marshall, John, and Ritchie, Claire. (1984). Where Are the Ju/wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushman Society: 1958-1981. Cape Town: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town.
- Marshall, Loma. (1976). The !Kung of Nyae Nyae. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Univer sity Press.
- Myers, F. (1988). 'Burning the truck and holding the country: Property, time and the negotiation of identity among Pintupi.' Pp. 52-74 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
- Narotzky, Susana. (1997). New Directions in Economic Anthropology. London: Pluto Press.
- Peterson, Jean Treloggen. (1984). 'Cash, consumerism, and savings: Economic change among the Agta foragers of Luzon, Phillipines.' Research in Economic Anthropol ogy 6: 53-73.
- Peterson, Nicolas. (1993). 'Demand sharing: Reciprocity and the pressure for generos ity among foragers.' American Anthropologist 95: 860-874.
- Peterson, N., & Masuyama, T., eds. (1991). Cash, Commoditisation and Changing Foragers. Senri Ethnological Studies 30. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Eth nology.
- Povinelli, E. (1992). '"Where we gana go now": Foraging practices and their meanings among the Belyuen Australian Aborigines.' Human Ecology 20: 169-201.
- Sahlins, Marshall. (1972). Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine. Sharp, John, & Douglas, Stuart. (1996). 'Prisoners of their reputation? The veterans of the "Bushman" battalions in South Africa.' Pp. 323-329 in Pippa Skotnes (ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
- Smith, Andrew B., & Lee, Richard B. (1997). 'Choana: Archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence for recent hunter-gatherer/agropastoralist contact in northern Bushmanland, Namibia.' South African Archaeological Bulletin 52: 52-58.
- Solway, Jacqueline, & Lee, Richard B. (1990). 'Foragers, genuine or spurious? Situ ating the Kalahari San in history'. Current Anthropology 31: 109-146.
- Taylor, W. (1964). 'Tethered nomadism and water territoriality: An hypothesis.' Pp. 197-203 in Acts of the 35ᵗʰ International Congress of Americanists,.
- Uys, Ian .(1993). Bushman Soldiers: Their Alpha and Omega. Germiston: Fortress Publications.
- Weber, Max. ([1920] 1958). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribners.
- Wiessner, Polly. (1982). 'Risk, reciprocity and social influences on !Kung San eco nomics.' Pp. 6l -84 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
- Wiessner, Polly. (1994). 'The pathways of the past: !Kung San Hxaro exchange and history.' Pp. 101-124 in Michael Bollig & Frank Klees (eds.) Sonderdruck aus Herlebens-Strategien in Afrika.
- Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institute, Colloquium Africanum I. Wiessner, Polly. (1996). 'Leveling the hunter: Constraints on the status quest in foraging societies.' Pp. 171-191 in Polly Wiessner & Wulf Schiefenhsvel (eds.) Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Oxford: Berghan Books.
- Wessner, Polly. (1998). Population, Subsistence, and Social Relations in the Nyae yae Area: Three Decades of Change. Unpublished manuscript.
- Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1989). Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Wilmsen, Edwin N., & Denbow, James R. (1990). 'Paradigmatic history of San-speaking people and current attempts at revision'. Current Anthropology 31: 489-524.
- Woodburn, James. (1982). 'Egalitarian societies.' Man 17: 431-451.
References
Altman, J.C. (1987) Hunter-Gatherers Today: An Aboriginal Economy in North Aus tralia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Altman, Jon, & Peterson, Nicolas. (1988). 'Rights to game and rights to cash among contemporary Australian hunter-gatherers'. Pp. 75-94 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
Bank, Andrew, (ed.) (1998). The Proceedings of the Khoisan Identities and Cultural Heritage Conference. Bellville: The Institute for Historical Research, University of the Western Cape.
Barnard, Alan. (1992). Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Eth nography of the Khoisan Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barnard, Alan. (1996). 'Laurens van der Post and the Kalahari debate'. Pp. 239-247 in Pippa Skotnes (ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
Biesele, Megan. (1993). Women Like Meat: The Folklore and Foraging Ideology of the Kalahari Ju/Ohoan. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press.
Binford, Lewis R. (1980). 'Willow smoke and dogs' tails: Hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation.' American Antiquity 45: 4-20.
Bird-David, Nurit. (1990). 'The giving environment: Another perspective on the eco nomic system of hunter-gatherers.' Current Anthropology 31: 189-196.
Bird-David, Nurit. (1992a). 'Beyond "the hunting and gathering mode of subsistence": Culture-sensitive observations on the Nayaka and other modem hunter-gatherers.' Man 27: 19-44.
Bird-David, Nurit. (1992b). 'Beyond "the original affluent society": A culturalist reformulation.' Current Anthropology 33: 25-34.
Botelle, Andy, & Rohde, Rick. (1995). Those Who Live on the Land: ASocio-economic Baseline Survey for Land Use Planning in the Communal Areas of Eastern Otjozondjupa. Windhoek: Republic of Namibia. Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation.
Burch, Ernest S., Jr. (1988). 'Modes of exchange in north-west Alaska.' Pp. 95-109 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
Cashden, Elizabeth, ed. (1990). Risk and Uncertainty in Tribal and Peasant Econ omies. Boulder: Westview Press.
Denbow, James R. (1984). 'Prehistoric herders and foragers of the Kalahari: The evi dence of 1500 years of interaction.' Pp. 175-193 in Carmel Schrire (ed.), Past and Present in Hunter-Gatherer Studies. Orlando: Academic Press.
Endicott, Kirk. (1988). 'Property, power and conflict among the Batek of Malaysia.' Pp. 110-127 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
Gardner, Peter M. (1993). 'Dimensions of subsistence foraging in south India.' Ethnol ogy 32: 543-544.
Gordon,RobertJ. (1992). The Bushman Myth: TheMakingofaNamibian Underclass. Boulder: Westview Press.
Headland, Thomas N., & Reid, Lawrence A (1989). 'Hunter-gatherersand theirneigh bors from prehistory to the present.' Current Anthropology 30: 43-66.
Ingold, Tim. (1988). 'Notes on the foraging mode of production.' Pp. 269-285 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 1. Oxford: Berg.
Katz, Richard, Biesele, Megan, & St. Denis, Verna. (l 997). Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spiritual and Cultural Transformations among the Kalahari Ju/'hoansi. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.
Keeley, L. (1988). 'Hunter-gatherer complexity and "population pressure": A cross-cultural analysis.' Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 7: 373-411.
Kelly, Robert L. (1995). The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways.Washington:
The Smithsonian Institution Press.
Kent, Susan. (1992). 'The current forager controversy: Real versus ideal views of hunter-gatherers.' Man 27: 45-70.
Kent, Susan. (1993). 'Sharing in an egalitarian Kalahari community.' Man 28: 479-514. Leacock, Eleanor, & Lee, Richard B. (l 982). 'Introduction.' Pp. 1-19 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, Richard B. (l 979). The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, Richard B. (l 992). 'Art, science, or politics? The crisis in hunter-gatherer studies.'American Anthropologist 94: 31-54.
Lee, Richard B., & DeVore, Irving, eds. (1968). Man the Hunter. Chicago: Aldine.
Lee, Richard B., & Hurlich, Susan. (1982). 'From foragers to fighters: South Africa's militarization of the Namibian San.' Pp. 327-345 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer sity Press.
Marshall, John, and Ritchie, Claire. (1984). Where Are the Ju/wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushman Society: 1958-1981. Cape Town: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town.
Marshall, Loma. (1976). The !Kung of Nyae Nyae. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Univer sity Press.
Myers, F. (1988). 'Burning the truck and holding the country: Property, time and the negotiation of identity among Pintupi.' Pp. 52-74 in Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn (eds.), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 2. Oxford: Berg.
Narotzky, Susana. (1997). New Directions in Economic Anthropology. London: Pluto Press.
Peterson, Jean Treloggen. (1984). 'Cash, consumerism, and savings: Economic change among the Agta foragers of Luzon, Phillipines.' Research in Economic Anthropol ogy 6: 53-73.
Peterson, Nicolas. (1993). 'Demand sharing: Reciprocity and the pressure for generos ity among foragers.' American Anthropologist 95: 860-874.
Peterson, N., & Masuyama, T., eds. (1991). Cash, Commoditisation and Changing Foragers. Senri Ethnological Studies 30. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Eth nology.
Povinelli, E. (1992). '"Where we gana go now": Foraging practices and their meanings among the Belyuen Australian Aborigines.' Human Ecology 20: 169-201.
Sahlins, Marshall. (1972). Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine. Sharp, John, & Douglas, Stuart. (1996). 'Prisoners of their reputation? The veterans of the "Bushman" battalions in South Africa.' Pp. 323-329 in Pippa Skotnes (ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
Smith, Andrew B., & Lee, Richard B. (1997). 'Choana: Archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence for recent hunter-gatherer/agropastoralist contact in northern Bushmanland, Namibia.' South African Archaeological Bulletin 52: 52-58.
Solway, Jacqueline, & Lee, Richard B. (1990). 'Foragers, genuine or spurious? Situ ating the Kalahari San in history'. Current Anthropology 31: 109-146.
Taylor, W. (1964). 'Tethered nomadism and water territoriality: An hypothesis.' Pp. 197-203 in Acts of the 35ᵗʰ International Congress of Americanists,.
Uys, Ian .(1993). Bushman Soldiers: Their Alpha and Omega. Germiston: Fortress Publications.
Weber, Max. ([1920] 1958). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribners.
Wiessner, Polly. (1982). 'Risk, reciprocity and social influences on !Kung San eco nomics.' Pp. 6l -84 in Eleanor Leacock & Richard Lee (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Wiessner, Polly. (1994). 'The pathways of the past: !Kung San Hxaro exchange and history.' Pp. 101-124 in Michael Bollig & Frank Klees (eds.) Sonderdruck aus Herlebens-Strategien in Afrika.
Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institute, Colloquium Africanum I. Wiessner, Polly. (1996). 'Leveling the hunter: Constraints on the status quest in foraging societies.' Pp. 171-191 in Polly Wiessner & Wulf Schiefenhsvel (eds.) Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Oxford: Berghan Books.
Wessner, Polly. (1998). Population, Subsistence, and Social Relations in the Nyae yae Area: Three Decades of Change. Unpublished manuscript.
Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1989). Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wilmsen, Edwin N., & Denbow, James R. (1990). 'Paradigmatic history of San-speaking people and current attempts at revision'. Current Anthropology 31: 489-524.
Woodburn, James. (1982). 'Egalitarian societies.' Man 17: 431-451.