3 - Recruitment, Resistance and Memories of the First World War among the Terik of Kenya
Corresponding Author(s) : Eliud Biegon
Afrika Zamani,
No 26 (2018): Afrika Zamani: Revue annuelle d’histoire africaine
Résumé
Si la Première Guerre mondiale a été, du point de vue des Terik, un événement impopulaire et douloureux, elle a inauguré une ère de plus grande interaction entre le gouvernement colonial britannique et les Terik. Les souvenirs de la guerre des Terik sont compliqués et ambivalents. Les informateurs se rappellent la guerre non seulement comme une lutte entre les Britanniques et les Allemands, mais aussi comme une période de famine généralisée et de recrutement forcé. Animés par la propagande anti-allemande des britanniques, les inquiétudes politiques et le recrutement forcé, les porteurs et « askari » Terik ont enduré maladies, souffrances et morts sur les champs de bataille de l'Afrique de l'Est entre 1914 et 1918. Ces tragédies sont profondément gravées dans la mémoire des Terik, de même que les victimes. la bravoure, l'héroïsme et l’appartenance à la partie victorieuse. Tout en apportant des avantages économiques et sociaux aux anciens combattants, la guerre a également renforcé la cooptation coloniale britannique de l’élite dirigeante des Gapjepkoï, et leur impopularité auprès des Terik.
Mots-clés
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- Biegon, E., 2016. ‘A History of the Terik Community of Kenya, ca. 1890 to 1960’, unpublished thesis, University of Cambridge.
- Farwell, B., 1987, The Great War in Africa, 1914–1918, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
- Forgaty, R., 2008, Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Gillispie, W., 2018, ‘Colonialism in global conflict: Liberia’s entry and participation in World War One’, First World War Studies 9 (1): 111–29.
- Greenstein, L., 1975, ‘Africans in a European War: The First World War in East Africa with Special Reference to the Nandi of Kenya’, Ann Arbor, MI, Xerox University Microfilms, Indiana University, PhD.
- Hodges, G., 1986, The Carrier Corps, Military Labor in the East African Campaign, 1924–1918, London: Greenwood Press.
- Hollis, A.C, 1909, The Nandi: Their Language and Folk-lore, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Huntingford, G.W.B, 1944, The Nandi, Nairobi: Ndia KUU Press.
- Langley, M., 1979, The Nandi of Kenya: Life Crisis Rituals in a Period of Change, London: C. Hurst & Company.
- Lunn, J., 1999, Memoirs of the Maelstrom: A Senegalese Oral History of the First World War, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
- Matson, A., 1994, Nandi Resistance to British Rule: The Volcano Erupts, Cambridge Africa Studies Centre Monograph Series vol. 15, Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
- Maxon, R., 1980, John Ainsworth and the Making of Kenya, Lanham, MA: University Press of America.
- Meinertzhagen, R., 1957, Kenya Diary: 1902–1906, Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd Limited.
- Moyd, M., 2016, ‘Centering a sideshow: local experiences of the First World War’, First World War Studies 7 (2): 111–30.
- Page, M., 1978, ‘The war of Thangata: Nyasaland and the East African Campaign, 1914–1918’, Journal of African History 19 (1): 87–100.
- Page, M., ed., 1987, Africa and the First World War, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd.
- Pilgrim, J.W., 1961, The Social and Economic Consequences of Land Enclosure in the Kipsigis Reserve, East African Institute of Social Research, Applied Research Unit.
- Rosberg, C. and Nottingham, J., 1966, The Myth of ‘Mau Mau’: Nationalism in Kenya, Nairobi: East African Publishing House.
- Samson, A., 2012, World War I in Africa: The Forgotten Conflict among the European Powers, London: I.B. Tauris.
- Spear, T. and Waller, R., eds, 1993, Being Maasai; Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa, London: James Currey.
- Strachan, H., 2004, The First World War in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Les références
Biegon, E., 2016. ‘A History of the Terik Community of Kenya, ca. 1890 to 1960’, unpublished thesis, University of Cambridge.
Farwell, B., 1987, The Great War in Africa, 1914–1918, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Forgaty, R., 2008, Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Gillispie, W., 2018, ‘Colonialism in global conflict: Liberia’s entry and participation in World War One’, First World War Studies 9 (1): 111–29.
Greenstein, L., 1975, ‘Africans in a European War: The First World War in East Africa with Special Reference to the Nandi of Kenya’, Ann Arbor, MI, Xerox University Microfilms, Indiana University, PhD.
Hodges, G., 1986, The Carrier Corps, Military Labor in the East African Campaign, 1924–1918, London: Greenwood Press.
Hollis, A.C, 1909, The Nandi: Their Language and Folk-lore, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Huntingford, G.W.B, 1944, The Nandi, Nairobi: Ndia KUU Press.
Langley, M., 1979, The Nandi of Kenya: Life Crisis Rituals in a Period of Change, London: C. Hurst & Company.
Lunn, J., 1999, Memoirs of the Maelstrom: A Senegalese Oral History of the First World War, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Matson, A., 1994, Nandi Resistance to British Rule: The Volcano Erupts, Cambridge Africa Studies Centre Monograph Series vol. 15, Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
Maxon, R., 1980, John Ainsworth and the Making of Kenya, Lanham, MA: University Press of America.
Meinertzhagen, R., 1957, Kenya Diary: 1902–1906, Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd Limited.
Moyd, M., 2016, ‘Centering a sideshow: local experiences of the First World War’, First World War Studies 7 (2): 111–30.
Page, M., 1978, ‘The war of Thangata: Nyasaland and the East African Campaign, 1914–1918’, Journal of African History 19 (1): 87–100.
Page, M., ed., 1987, Africa and the First World War, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Pilgrim, J.W., 1961, The Social and Economic Consequences of Land Enclosure in the Kipsigis Reserve, East African Institute of Social Research, Applied Research Unit.
Rosberg, C. and Nottingham, J., 1966, The Myth of ‘Mau Mau’: Nationalism in Kenya, Nairobi: East African Publishing House.
Samson, A., 2012, World War I in Africa: The Forgotten Conflict among the European Powers, London: I.B. Tauris.
Spear, T. and Waller, R., eds, 1993, Being Maasai; Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa, London: James Currey.
Strachan, H., 2004, The First World War in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.