3 - The Turbulent 2010s: A Historical Draft
Corresponding Author(s) : Paul Tiyambe Zeleza
Africa Development,
Vol. 45 No. 1 (2020): Africa Development
Abstract
The 2010s was an exceptionally turbulent decade characterised by complex and contradictory changes at local, regional and global levels. The changes encompassed all spheres from the political to the economic, as well as the social, cultural, and environmental dimensions of global society. This article identifies and analyses six key trends in the historical trajectory of the period. First, the decade was marked by intense political polarization in many countries; second, was the democratic recessions and resistance in some climes; third, was the rising economic inequalities and disequilibrium; fourth was the shift in global hierarchies and hegemonies; fifth, was the emergence of surveillance capitalism; and the final one was the rebellion of nature as evident in extreme weather conditions and global struggles over climate change. In analysing these key trends the article seeks to make sense of the messy complexities, mind boggling contradictions and massive changes of the various historical conjunctures of modernity.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Abramowitz, M. J. 2018., “Democracy in Crisis: Freedom in the World 2018.”Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2018_Final_SinglePage.pdf.
- Credit Suisse. Global Wealth Report 2018. 2018. https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/publications/research-institute/global-wealthreport-2018-en.pdf
- European Union Commission. 2016., General Data Protection Regulation. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504&from=EN
- Fukuyama, Francis. 1992., The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
- International Labour Organization. 2019. World Employment Social Outlook Trends 2019. Geneva: International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–dgreports/–dcomm/–publ/documents/publication/wcms_670542.pdf
- International Monetary Fund. 2018. “IMF DataMapper.” https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD.
- Laurent, Claire. 2013. FEMICIDE: The Killing of Women and Girls Around the World. Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Office. https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Claire-Laurent.pdf
- Oxfam. 2015., Wealth: Having It All and Wanting More. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/338125/ib-wealth-having-allwanting-more-190115-en.pdf;jsessionid=3632B6E6986C434FADD0C61E506D145F?sequence=8
- Oxfam. 2017., An Economy for the 99%. https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/bp-economy-for-99-percent-160117-summ-en.pdf
- Oxfam. 2019. Time to Care. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf
- Piketty, Thomas. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- United Nations Development Program. 2019. Human Development Report 2019. New York: UNDP.
- Jacques, Martin. 2019. “This decade belonged to China. So will the next one,” The Guardian, 31 December. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/31/decade-china-west-china-ascent?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
- The Economist. 2019. Inequality Illusions. 30th November.
- The Economist. 2020. “Chinese Technology: From the people who brought you fireworks…” January 4.
- The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2017. Democracy Index 2017 “Free speech under attack”, http://www.eiu.com/Handlers/WhitepaperHandler.ashx?fi=Democracy_Index_2017.pdf&mode=wp&campaignid=DemocracyIndex2017.
- World Bank. 2018. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 : Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
- World Wealth Report 2019. 2019. https://worldwealthreport.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/07/World-Wealth-Report-2019-1.pdf
- Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2014. The Resurgence of Africa: Domestic, Global, and Diaspora Transformations. Los Angeles: Tsehai.
- Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2018. “End of Empire: Hegemonic Shifts in the World System,” The Elephant, 28 June. https://www.theelephant.info/features/2018/06/28/endof-empire-hegemonic-shifts-in-global-power/
- Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “Africa’s persistent struggles for development and democracy in a multipolar world,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 53, 1: 155-170.
- Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “The Fourth Industrial Revolution and African Universities,” The Elephant, October 17. https://www.theelephant.info/ideas/2019/10/17/gen-z-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-africanuniversities/
References
Abramowitz, M. J. 2018., “Democracy in Crisis: Freedom in the World 2018.”Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2018_Final_SinglePage.pdf.
Credit Suisse. Global Wealth Report 2018. 2018. https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/publications/research-institute/global-wealthreport-2018-en.pdf
European Union Commission. 2016., General Data Protection Regulation. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504&from=EN
Fukuyama, Francis. 1992., The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
International Labour Organization. 2019. World Employment Social Outlook Trends 2019. Geneva: International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–dgreports/–dcomm/–publ/documents/publication/wcms_670542.pdf
International Monetary Fund. 2018. “IMF DataMapper.” https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD.
Laurent, Claire. 2013. FEMICIDE: The Killing of Women and Girls Around the World. Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Office. https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Claire-Laurent.pdf
Oxfam. 2015., Wealth: Having It All and Wanting More. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/338125/ib-wealth-having-allwanting-more-190115-en.pdf;jsessionid=3632B6E6986C434FADD0C61E506D145F?sequence=8
Oxfam. 2017., An Economy for the 99%. https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/bp-economy-for-99-percent-160117-summ-en.pdf
Oxfam. 2019. Time to Care. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf
Piketty, Thomas. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
United Nations Development Program. 2019. Human Development Report 2019. New York: UNDP.
Jacques, Martin. 2019. “This decade belonged to China. So will the next one,” The Guardian, 31 December. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/31/decade-china-west-china-ascent?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
The Economist. 2019. Inequality Illusions. 30th November.
The Economist. 2020. “Chinese Technology: From the people who brought you fireworks…” January 4.
The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2017. Democracy Index 2017 “Free speech under attack”, http://www.eiu.com/Handlers/WhitepaperHandler.ashx?fi=Democracy_Index_2017.pdf&mode=wp&campaignid=DemocracyIndex2017.
World Bank. 2018. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 : Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
World Wealth Report 2019. 2019. https://worldwealthreport.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/07/World-Wealth-Report-2019-1.pdf
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2014. The Resurgence of Africa: Domestic, Global, and Diaspora Transformations. Los Angeles: Tsehai.
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2018. “End of Empire: Hegemonic Shifts in the World System,” The Elephant, 28 June. https://www.theelephant.info/features/2018/06/28/endof-empire-hegemonic-shifts-in-global-power/
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “Africa’s persistent struggles for development and democracy in a multipolar world,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 53, 1: 155-170.
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “The Fourth Industrial Revolution and African Universities,” The Elephant, October 17. https://www.theelephant.info/ideas/2019/10/17/gen-z-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-africanuniversities/