2 - Reclaiming Urban Youth Identity through Language in Kenya: The Case of Koch FM Radio
Corresponding Author(s) : Benson Oduor Ojwang
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 42 No 2 (2017): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur l’Étude des dynamiques identitaires obliques
Résumé
La jeunesse urbaine kenyane des quartiers défavorisés de Nairobi est confrontée à une crise d’identité, à la privation économique, à la marginalisation dans les postes de direction et de gouvernance et à la stigmatisation générale. En outre, ces jeunes ont eu à assumer le lourd fardeau en tant que victimes et auteurs de crimes, du commerce sexuel et de la toxicomanie. Cela a conduit à l’émergence d’une variété linguistique spéciale sous la forme d’un argot urbain (Sheng) que les jeunes utilisaient initialement pour commettre leurs actes criminels à l’insu de leurs parents et des autorités. Cependant, depuis la promulgation d’une nouvelle constitution qui a élargi l’espace démocratique et créé une plus grande prise de conscience des droits et libertés individuels, la jeunesse urbaine kenyane à Nairobi a donné de nouveaux rôles au Sheng en en faisant le symbole de l’autonomie et de la créativité des jeunes. Cet article se fonde sur le cas de Koch FM initiée par les jeunes, qui est une station de radio communautaire urbaine modèle utilisant principalement l’argot urbain dans ses émissions. Grâce à cette station, les jeunes socio-économiquement défavorisés créent et entretiennent des réseaux sociaux sous la forme de groupes de soutien, de clubs de théâtre et de génération de revenus visant à créer de la richesse, stimulant ainsi l’identité grâce à une auto-expression affirmée. De ce fait, les jeunes peuvent articuler et influencer la politique sur les affaires sociales, politiques et économiques en partageant les informations concernant la santé, le VIH/sida, la représentation politique ainsi que les rôles en matière de gouvernance. Cette étude de cas démontre que le langage commun peut être un unificateur efficace puisqu’il dépasse les obstacles sociaux, économiques, religieux, ethniques, politiques et sexistes.
Mots-clés
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- Bennell, P., 2000, ‘Improving Youth Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Report to the International Development Centre of USAID.
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- Chigunta, F., 2002, The Socio-Economic Situation of Youth in Africa: Problems, Prospects and Options, London: Longman.
- Curtain, R., 2000, ‘Towards a Youth Employment Strategy’, Report to the United Nations on Youth Employment, New York NY: United Nations, August.
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- Flavia, Y., 2012, ‘Music and Youth Culture in Urban Kenya Today’, The People Daily, 10 May.
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- Kenya Community Media Network, 2014, ‘Promoting Youth Networks in Kenya’, www.kcomnet.org, accessed 10 July 2014.
- Kenya Youth Action Platform, 2014, ‘Goals and Objectives’, www.salto-youth.net, accessed 6 May 2014.
- Kenya National Youth Forum, 2013, ‘Mission and Vision’, www.tigweb.org/kenya-nat- youth-forum, accessed 21 June 2014.
- Koch FM, 2014, ‘Mission and Vision Statement’, www.kochfm.org, accessed 15 May 2014.
- Mkandawire, R.M., 1996, ‘Experiences in Youth Policy and Programme in Commonwealth Africa’, unpublished Policy Document Prepared for the Commonwealth Youth Programme Department.
- Mayor, F. and Binde, J., 2001, The World Ahead: Our Future In the Making, London: Zed Books.
- Mlema, P., 1999, ‘The Crisis of Educational Institutions in Africa and the Vulnerability of Female Youth’, paper presented at a Symposium on Youth. Cape Town, South Africa.
- Nyahero, N., 2014, ‘Youth, Politics and Empowerment in Kenya: New Perspectives’,Daily Nation, 12 May.
- Nyambala, M.A., 2011, ‘Community Radio as a Participatory Communication Tool in Kenya: An Audience Survey of Koch FM in Nairobi’, unpublished M.A. dissertation, University of Nairobi.
- Nyairo, J. and Ogude, J., 2005, ‘Popular Music, Popular Politics: Unbwogable and the Idioms of Freedom in Kenyan Popular Music’, African Affairs 104 (145): 225–49.
- Poverty Free Kenya, 2014, ‘Community Radios Empower Development in Kenya: The Case of Radio Lake Victoria’, www.povertyfreekenya.org/youthempowerment.php.
- Waiguru, A., 2014, ‘Kenya Job Creation Index 2014’, Daily Nation, 15 May.
- Wincla, O., 2014, ‘News and Views on Youth Identity in Urban Kenya’, Daily Nation, 8 March.
- Waswalla, W., 2013, ‘Community Radio Poised for Further Growth’, The Standard, 6 January.
Les références
Abdullah, I., 1998, ‘Bush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front/Sierra Leone’, Journal of Modern African Studies 36 (2): 203–34.
Bennell, P., 2000, ‘Improving Youth Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Report to the International Development Centre of USAID.
Communications Commission of Kenya, 2014, Radio Licensing Rules, www.cck.go.ke, accessed 2 May 2014.
Chigunta, F., 2002, The Socio-Economic Situation of Youth in Africa: Problems, Prospects and Options, London: Longman.
Curtain, R., 2000, ‘Towards a Youth Employment Strategy’, Report to the United Nations on Youth Employment, New York NY: United Nations, August.
Daily Monitor, 2014, ‘Kenyan Student Numbers in Uganda to Rise’, 5 March, www.nation.co.ke, accessed 12 May 2014.
Flavia, Y., 2012, ‘Music and Youth Culture in Urban Kenya Today’, The People Daily, 10 May.
Githethwa, N., ed., 2008, ‘The Way Forward for Community Radios in Kenya: Proceedings of the National Seminar Held in Nairobi on 25-26th June, 2008’, Nairobi: Econews Africa, BBC World Service Trust and UNESCO.
Kenya Community Media Network, 2014, ‘Promoting Youth Networks in Kenya’, www.kcomnet.org, accessed 10 July 2014.
Kenya Youth Action Platform, 2014, ‘Goals and Objectives’, www.salto-youth.net, accessed 6 May 2014.
Kenya National Youth Forum, 2013, ‘Mission and Vision’, www.tigweb.org/kenya-nat- youth-forum, accessed 21 June 2014.
Koch FM, 2014, ‘Mission and Vision Statement’, www.kochfm.org, accessed 15 May 2014.
Mkandawire, R.M., 1996, ‘Experiences in Youth Policy and Programme in Commonwealth Africa’, unpublished Policy Document Prepared for the Commonwealth Youth Programme Department.
Mayor, F. and Binde, J., 2001, The World Ahead: Our Future In the Making, London: Zed Books.
Mlema, P., 1999, ‘The Crisis of Educational Institutions in Africa and the Vulnerability of Female Youth’, paper presented at a Symposium on Youth. Cape Town, South Africa.
Nyahero, N., 2014, ‘Youth, Politics and Empowerment in Kenya: New Perspectives’,Daily Nation, 12 May.
Nyambala, M.A., 2011, ‘Community Radio as a Participatory Communication Tool in Kenya: An Audience Survey of Koch FM in Nairobi’, unpublished M.A. dissertation, University of Nairobi.
Nyairo, J. and Ogude, J., 2005, ‘Popular Music, Popular Politics: Unbwogable and the Idioms of Freedom in Kenyan Popular Music’, African Affairs 104 (145): 225–49.
Poverty Free Kenya, 2014, ‘Community Radios Empower Development in Kenya: The Case of Radio Lake Victoria’, www.povertyfreekenya.org/youthempowerment.php.
Waiguru, A., 2014, ‘Kenya Job Creation Index 2014’, Daily Nation, 15 May.
Wincla, O., 2014, ‘News and Views on Youth Identity in Urban Kenya’, Daily Nation, 8 March.
Waswalla, W., 2013, ‘Community Radio Poised for Further Growth’, The Standard, 6 January.