5 - Promoting Japan’s National Interest in Africa: A Review of TICAD
Corresponding Author(s) : Bolade M. Eyinla
Africa Development,
Vol. 43 No. 3 (2018): Africa Development
Abstract
The Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) was launched by Japan in October 1993. Five follow-up Conferences were held in 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2016 (TICAD II, III, IV, V, and VI). This article challenges the Japanese claim that the TICAD process is a mechanism for focusing global attention and mobilising international support for Africa. Rather, the TICAD process is seen as signifying a shift in Japan’s policy towards Africa, hitherto defined within the context of the Washington Consensus. It is argued that, in the process, Japan is developing an African policy which is directed at serving its national interest.
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- Africa Confidential, 2006, China/Africa: Commerce, Cooperation and Controversy, 47 (22), London, 3 November.
- Africa Confidential, 2007, Africa/Asia: Year of the Pig – The New Scramble for Africa, 48 (11) London, 25 May.
- Ampiah, K., 2005, ‘Japan and the development of Africa: a preliminary evaluation of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development’, African Affairs 104 (414).
- Burchill, S., 2000, Japan’s Quest for a Permanent Security Council Seat: A Matter of Pride or Justice, London: Macmillan.
- Burchill, S., 2007, The National Interest in International Relations Theory, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Donnelly, E., 2008a, The Tokyo International Conference on African Development: Something Old, Something New? Chatham House Africa Programme Background Note AFP BN 1/08, 21 May.
- Donnelly, E., 2008b, Japan – Africa Engagement and TICAD IV: Can Japan Lead the Way on African Development? Chatham House Africa Programme Background Note AFP BN 08/01, July.
- Eyinla, B.M., 1999, Aid as an Instrument of Political Reform: A Study of Japan’s Aid Policy in Sub-Sahara Africa, Tokyo: IDE – JETRO V.R.F. Series No. 327.
- Eyinla, B.M., 2005, ‘Japan: the tenor and terrain of foreign policy towards Africa’, in U. Engel and R. Gorm-Olsen, eds, Africa and the North: Between Globalization and Marginalization, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
- Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) Annual Reports 1990 – 2007. Tokyo: JICA.
- Japan’s ODA General Account Budget, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/budget/2008-3.pdf accessed 6 February 2010.
- Kufour, J.A., 2003, TICAD and the Way Forward – The African Perspective, address by H.E. President J.A. Kufour at United Nations University, Tokyo, 1 October.
- Lehman, H.P., 2007, ‘Japan’s national economic identity and African development: an analysis of TICAD’, UNU-WIDER Research Paper No. 2007/61.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 1993, First Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD I) Tokyo Declaration on African Development towards the 21st Century, Tokyo, 6 October.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 1998, Second Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD II) African Development towards the 21st Century: The Tokyo Agenda for Action, Tokyo, 21 October.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2003a, Keynote Speech by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the Third Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD III) Tokyo, 29 September.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2003b, TICAD Tenth Anniversary Declaration, Tokyo, 1 October.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2004, Diplomatic Bluebook. 1990 – 2007, Tokyo: MFA.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2007, ODA Annual Report. Japan’s Official Development Assistance Annual Reports 1990–2007. Tokyo: APIC.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008a, Development and Africa in Hokkaido Tayako Summit, Tokyo, May.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008b, Address by H.E. Mr. Yasuo Fukuda, Prime Minister of Japan at the Opening Session of the Fourth Tokyo Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), Tokyo, 28 May.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008c, TICAD IV. Yokohama Action Plan, Tokyo, 30 May.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008d, Summary of the Chair of TICAD IV Yokohama, 30 May.
- Mochizuki, K. et al., 2007, Evaluation of Japanese Assistance to Africa through the TICAD Process, Third Party Evaluation, Tokyo: MFA.
- Mori, Y., 2001, Africa and Japan in the 21st Century, speech by Prime Minister Mori at Gallagher Estate Midrand, Republic of South Africa, 9 January.
- Morikawa, J., 1997, Japan and Africa. Big Business and Diplomacy, London: Hurst and Company.
- Ogata, S., 1995, ‘Japan’s policy towards the United Nations’, in C.F. Alger, G.M. Lyons and J.E. Trent, eds, The United Nations System: The Policies of Member States, Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
- Olsen, G.R., 2005, ‘The European Union: European Interests, Bureaucratic Interests and International Options’, in U. Engel and R. Gorm-Olsen, eds, Africa and the North: Between Globalization and Marginalization, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
- Owoeye, J., 1995, Japan’s Policy in Africa, Ibadan: College Press.
- Sato, M., 1994, ‘Japanese strategy in Africa: the case of Mozambique’, Review of African Political Economy 21 (59): 105–10.
- Seeman, R., 1986, ‘Maekewa report – dead on arrival, aborted in promise’, The Japan Law Letter, May.
- Sesay, A., 2000, Japan’s UN Peace Keeping Operations: Implications for Africa. Tokyo: IDE – JETRO V.R.F. Series No. 346.
- The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), 2001, Abuja, October. The Japan Institute of International Affairs, eds, The White Papers of Japan. Annual Abstracts of Official Report of the Japanese Government 1991–2007, Tokyo: JIIA. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 2008, First Joint Annual Meetings of the AU Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance and ECA Conference of Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Meeting Africa’s New Development Challenges in the 21st Century: Issue Paper E/ECA/COF/27/2, 21 March.
- Weiss, T.G., Forsythe, D.P., Coate, R.A. and Pease, K.-K., 1994, The UN and Changing World Politics, Cambridge, MA: Westview.
- Weiss, T.G., Forsythe, D.P., Coate, R.A. and Pease, K.-K., 2007, The UN and Changing World Politics, Cambridge, MA: Westview.
- Winter, C. and Bremmer, I., 2007, ‘Geopolitics overtakes economics’, Investment Outlook.
- Yamazawa, I. and A. Hirata, eds, 1992, Development Policies of Japan, the United States and Europe, Tokyo: IDE.
References
Africa Confidential, 2006, China/Africa: Commerce, Cooperation and Controversy, 47 (22), London, 3 November.
Africa Confidential, 2007, Africa/Asia: Year of the Pig – The New Scramble for Africa, 48 (11) London, 25 May.
Ampiah, K., 2005, ‘Japan and the development of Africa: a preliminary evaluation of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development’, African Affairs 104 (414).
Burchill, S., 2000, Japan’s Quest for a Permanent Security Council Seat: A Matter of Pride or Justice, London: Macmillan.
Burchill, S., 2007, The National Interest in International Relations Theory, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Donnelly, E., 2008a, The Tokyo International Conference on African Development: Something Old, Something New? Chatham House Africa Programme Background Note AFP BN 1/08, 21 May.
Donnelly, E., 2008b, Japan – Africa Engagement and TICAD IV: Can Japan Lead the Way on African Development? Chatham House Africa Programme Background Note AFP BN 08/01, July.
Eyinla, B.M., 1999, Aid as an Instrument of Political Reform: A Study of Japan’s Aid Policy in Sub-Sahara Africa, Tokyo: IDE – JETRO V.R.F. Series No. 327.
Eyinla, B.M., 2005, ‘Japan: the tenor and terrain of foreign policy towards Africa’, in U. Engel and R. Gorm-Olsen, eds, Africa and the North: Between Globalization and Marginalization, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) Annual Reports 1990 – 2007. Tokyo: JICA.
Japan’s ODA General Account Budget, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/budget/2008-3.pdf accessed 6 February 2010.
Kufour, J.A., 2003, TICAD and the Way Forward – The African Perspective, address by H.E. President J.A. Kufour at United Nations University, Tokyo, 1 October.
Lehman, H.P., 2007, ‘Japan’s national economic identity and African development: an analysis of TICAD’, UNU-WIDER Research Paper No. 2007/61.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 1993, First Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD I) Tokyo Declaration on African Development towards the 21st Century, Tokyo, 6 October.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 1998, Second Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD II) African Development towards the 21st Century: The Tokyo Agenda for Action, Tokyo, 21 October.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2003a, Keynote Speech by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the Third Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD III) Tokyo, 29 September.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2003b, TICAD Tenth Anniversary Declaration, Tokyo, 1 October.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2004, Diplomatic Bluebook. 1990 – 2007, Tokyo: MFA.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2007, ODA Annual Report. Japan’s Official Development Assistance Annual Reports 1990–2007. Tokyo: APIC.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008a, Development and Africa in Hokkaido Tayako Summit, Tokyo, May.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008b, Address by H.E. Mr. Yasuo Fukuda, Prime Minister of Japan at the Opening Session of the Fourth Tokyo Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), Tokyo, 28 May.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008c, TICAD IV. Yokohama Action Plan, Tokyo, 30 May.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), 2008d, Summary of the Chair of TICAD IV Yokohama, 30 May.
Mochizuki, K. et al., 2007, Evaluation of Japanese Assistance to Africa through the TICAD Process, Third Party Evaluation, Tokyo: MFA.
Mori, Y., 2001, Africa and Japan in the 21st Century, speech by Prime Minister Mori at Gallagher Estate Midrand, Republic of South Africa, 9 January.
Morikawa, J., 1997, Japan and Africa. Big Business and Diplomacy, London: Hurst and Company.
Ogata, S., 1995, ‘Japan’s policy towards the United Nations’, in C.F. Alger, G.M. Lyons and J.E. Trent, eds, The United Nations System: The Policies of Member States, Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Olsen, G.R., 2005, ‘The European Union: European Interests, Bureaucratic Interests and International Options’, in U. Engel and R. Gorm-Olsen, eds, Africa and the North: Between Globalization and Marginalization, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Owoeye, J., 1995, Japan’s Policy in Africa, Ibadan: College Press.
Sato, M., 1994, ‘Japanese strategy in Africa: the case of Mozambique’, Review of African Political Economy 21 (59): 105–10.
Seeman, R., 1986, ‘Maekewa report – dead on arrival, aborted in promise’, The Japan Law Letter, May.
Sesay, A., 2000, Japan’s UN Peace Keeping Operations: Implications for Africa. Tokyo: IDE – JETRO V.R.F. Series No. 346.
The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), 2001, Abuja, October. The Japan Institute of International Affairs, eds, The White Papers of Japan. Annual Abstracts of Official Report of the Japanese Government 1991–2007, Tokyo: JIIA. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 2008, First Joint Annual Meetings of the AU Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance and ECA Conference of Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Meeting Africa’s New Development Challenges in the 21st Century: Issue Paper E/ECA/COF/27/2, 21 March.
Weiss, T.G., Forsythe, D.P., Coate, R.A. and Pease, K.-K., 1994, The UN and Changing World Politics, Cambridge, MA: Westview.
Weiss, T.G., Forsythe, D.P., Coate, R.A. and Pease, K.-K., 2007, The UN and Changing World Politics, Cambridge, MA: Westview.
Winter, C. and Bremmer, I., 2007, ‘Geopolitics overtakes economics’, Investment Outlook.
Yamazawa, I. and A. Hirata, eds, 1992, Development Policies of Japan, the United States and Europe, Tokyo: IDE.