2 - Egyptian Parliamentary Elections: Between Democratisation and Autocracy
Corresponding Author(s) : Hala G. Thabet
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 31 No 3 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on Electoral Politic
Résumé
La dissolution des parlements de 1987 et 1990, suite à deux décisions de la Cour Suprême, selon lesquelles les élections législatives de 1984 et 1987 étaient inconstitutionnelles, ainsi que le transfert du pouvoir de supervision des élections, de la police vers le pouvoir judiciaire, sont autant de signes d’une ouverture politique imminente, ce qui laisse penser qu’il y avait une certaine volonté politique de renouveler les règles régissant les élections et de rendre celles-ci plus transparentes et équitables. Cet article s’inspire des élections 2000 à l’Assemblée du Peuple pour évaluer le processus de démocratisation en Egypte. Il cherche à établir le niveau d’intégration de toutes les forces sociales et des partis politiques ainsi que les changements intervenus au niveau de la participation populaire. L’auteur affirme que les élections de 2000 comportaient des signes d’anomalies et de manipulations électorales qui ont caractérisé les élections précédentes. Malgré ces quelques manquements, les élections de 2000 ont constitué une avancée remarquable dans le processus de transition de l’Egypte vers une démocratie libérale.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Abdel-Aal, Abdel-Rahman, 2000, ‘Independents and the Elections’, Egypt: Parliamentary Issues, November (Arabic).
- Ahmed, Hamdy, 2000, ‘So Democracy Won’t Become Bad...’, Isboua’a Journal
- (The Week) (Egypt), 24 May (Arabic).
- Aly, Sayed, 2000, ‘The 2000 Elections: Real Test for Political Parties’, Egypt: Al-Ahram Daily
- Newspaper, 16 September (Arabic).
- Ebeid, Mona Makram, 2001, ‘Egypt’s 2000 Parliamentary Elections’, The Middle East Policy Council
- Journal (Washington), Vol. 8, No. 2, June, www.mepc.org/ public_asp/journal_vol8/0106_ebeid.asp.
- T‘Electoral Programme of the NDP for the 2000 Parliamentary elections’, www.ndp.org.eg.
- ‘Electoral Programme of Alwafd Party for the 2000 Parliamentary elections’, www.alfad.org.
- ‘Electoral Programmemes for the 2000 elections for Al-Ahrar party, Al-Tagamuu, the Nasserite’
- (Arabic).
- El-Monoufy, Kamal, ed., 1996 People’s Assembly 1995 Elections in Egypt, Cairo, University of Cairo,
- Faculty of Economics and Political Science (Arabic).
- Ebrahim, Tahany, 2000, ‘Elections Bribes’, Akhbar Elyoum Newspaper (News of the Day) (Egypt), 1 August, (Arabic).
- El-Feky, Mustafa, 2000, ‘The Judiciary and the Legislative Elections’, Al Ahram Daily Newspaper
- (Egypt), 31 October (Arabic).
- EOHR - The Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights, 2001, ‘The Human Rights Situation in Egypt:
- Violations of Human Rights 2000-2001, Eighth: Exercising political rights’, Annual Report,
- -2000, 2001 (in Arabic) Cairo, EOHR. Helal, Alieldin, and Osama el-Ghazali Harb, eds., 1992,
- People’s Assembly 1990 Elections, Al-Ahram, Newspaper, Egypt, Center for Political and Strategic
- Studies (Arabic).
- HRW - Human Rights Watch, 2000, ‘Elections in Egypt’, October, http:// www.hrw.org/.
- Kamal, Mustafa, 2000, ‘A Good Opportunity for All Political Parties to Broadcast Their Programmes’,
- Akhbar Elyom (News of the Day) Newspaper (Egypt), 22 July, (Arabic).
- Ministry of Interior, 2001, Official Statistics of the 2000 Parliamentary Elections, Cairo (Arabic).
- Mustafa, Hala, 2001, ‘2000 Elections: General Indicators’, Journal of Democracy, Winter (Arabic).
- Nafie, Ibrahim, 2000, ‘4,000 Candidates Compete for 444 Seats in People’s Assembly’, Al Ahram Daily
- Newspaper (Egypt), 7 October (Arabic).
- Rabea, Amro Hashem, 2001, ‘The Parliamentary Elections: Assessment of the Results’, Al-Ahram Daily
- Newspaper, (Egypt), 26 January (Arabic).
- Rashad, Abdelghafar, 2000, ‘People’s Assembly’s 2000 Elections: Analyses of the General Framework’,
- in Mustafa Elwi, ed., Parliamentary Elections 2000, Cairo, Cairo University and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (in Arabic).
- SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Chances to all Candidates to Introduce their Programmes on
- TV’, 30 September, http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/ 300920p.htm.
- SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Fairness, Equality of Candidates Assured for Coming
- Elections’, 10 September, http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/ o100920a.htm.
- SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Mrs. Mubarak Calls on Women to Vote in Upcoming Polls’, 13
- July. http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/o130720e.htm.
Les références
Abdel-Aal, Abdel-Rahman, 2000, ‘Independents and the Elections’, Egypt: Parliamentary Issues, November (Arabic).
Ahmed, Hamdy, 2000, ‘So Democracy Won’t Become Bad...’, Isboua’a Journal
(The Week) (Egypt), 24 May (Arabic).
Aly, Sayed, 2000, ‘The 2000 Elections: Real Test for Political Parties’, Egypt: Al-Ahram Daily
Newspaper, 16 September (Arabic).
Ebeid, Mona Makram, 2001, ‘Egypt’s 2000 Parliamentary Elections’, The Middle East Policy Council
Journal (Washington), Vol. 8, No. 2, June, www.mepc.org/ public_asp/journal_vol8/0106_ebeid.asp.
T‘Electoral Programme of the NDP for the 2000 Parliamentary elections’, www.ndp.org.eg.
‘Electoral Programme of Alwafd Party for the 2000 Parliamentary elections’, www.alfad.org.
‘Electoral Programmemes for the 2000 elections for Al-Ahrar party, Al-Tagamuu, the Nasserite’
(Arabic).
El-Monoufy, Kamal, ed., 1996 People’s Assembly 1995 Elections in Egypt, Cairo, University of Cairo,
Faculty of Economics and Political Science (Arabic).
Ebrahim, Tahany, 2000, ‘Elections Bribes’, Akhbar Elyoum Newspaper (News of the Day) (Egypt), 1 August, (Arabic).
El-Feky, Mustafa, 2000, ‘The Judiciary and the Legislative Elections’, Al Ahram Daily Newspaper
(Egypt), 31 October (Arabic).
EOHR - The Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights, 2001, ‘The Human Rights Situation in Egypt:
Violations of Human Rights 2000-2001, Eighth: Exercising political rights’, Annual Report,
-2000, 2001 (in Arabic) Cairo, EOHR. Helal, Alieldin, and Osama el-Ghazali Harb, eds., 1992,
People’s Assembly 1990 Elections, Al-Ahram, Newspaper, Egypt, Center for Political and Strategic
Studies (Arabic).
HRW - Human Rights Watch, 2000, ‘Elections in Egypt’, October, http:// www.hrw.org/.
Kamal, Mustafa, 2000, ‘A Good Opportunity for All Political Parties to Broadcast Their Programmes’,
Akhbar Elyom (News of the Day) Newspaper (Egypt), 22 July, (Arabic).
Ministry of Interior, 2001, Official Statistics of the 2000 Parliamentary Elections, Cairo (Arabic).
Mustafa, Hala, 2001, ‘2000 Elections: General Indicators’, Journal of Democracy, Winter (Arabic).
Nafie, Ibrahim, 2000, ‘4,000 Candidates Compete for 444 Seats in People’s Assembly’, Al Ahram Daily
Newspaper (Egypt), 7 October (Arabic).
Rabea, Amro Hashem, 2001, ‘The Parliamentary Elections: Assessment of the Results’, Al-Ahram Daily
Newspaper, (Egypt), 26 January (Arabic).
Rashad, Abdelghafar, 2000, ‘People’s Assembly’s 2000 Elections: Analyses of the General Framework’,
in Mustafa Elwi, ed., Parliamentary Elections 2000, Cairo, Cairo University and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (in Arabic).
SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Chances to all Candidates to Introduce their Programmes on
TV’, 30 September, http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/ 300920p.htm.
SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Fairness, Equality of Candidates Assured for Coming
Elections’, 10 September, http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/ o100920a.htm.
SIS - State Information Service, 2000, ‘Mrs. Mubarak Calls on Women to Vote in Upcoming Polls’, 13