5 - Electoral Politics and Election Outcomes in Kenya
Corresponding Author(s) : Peter Wanyande
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 31 No 3 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on Electoral Politic
Résumé
Le Kenya a toujours tenu des élections présidentielles, parlementaires ainsi que des élections de renouvellement du gouvernement local tous les cinq ans depuis l’indépendance en 1963, conformément à la constitution du pays. Durant la majeure partie de la période d’indépendance, le pays a adopté un système gouvernemental à parti unique. Cette situation a changé en 1992, lorsque le pays s’est remis à la démocratie multipartite suite à l’amendement de la section concernée de la Loi sur les Elections présidentielles et celles de l’Assemblée Nationale (Presidential and National Assembly Elections Act). Le passage d’un système à parti unique à un système multipartite a bouleversé l’environnement administratif et juridique au sein duquel se déroulaient les élections. D’autres facteurs ont également exercé une certaine influence sur les élections, tels que le clanisme, la nature des partis politiques, la personnalité des hommes politiques au niveau individuel, et dans certains cas, la religion. La participation aux élections a été particulièrement forte durant la période d’élections multipartites, particulièrement lors des élections de 2002, ce qui s’explique par deux facteurs. Le premier est l’unité de l’opposition avant la période des élections ; le second est le fait que les Kenyans aient eu l’opportunité d’élire un nouveau président après 24 ans de règne du Président Moi. Moi venait d’achever son dernier mandat, conformément aux modifications des dispositions de la Loi sur les élections présidentielles (Presidential Elections Act) de 1992, qui, pour la première fois, limitait le mandat présidentiel à deux mandats de cinq ans. Les élections futures risquent fort d’être influencées par les mêmes facteurs complexes précités dans cet article.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Barkan, J., and Chege, M., 2000, ‘Kenya tries Again’, in Diamond L., and Plattner M.,
- Democratization in Africa, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Chweya, Ludeki, ed., 2002, Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress. Dye, T. & Zeigler, H.,
- , The Irony of Democracy, Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company.
- Hogan, J., 1945, Election and Representation, Oxford: Cork University Press. Hyden, G., and
- Lesslie, M., 2003, Communications and Democratization in Africa,
- New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.
- Institute for Education in Democracy, 1997, National Election Data Book, Kenya, 1963-1999.
- Jonyo, Fred, 2002, ‘Ethnicity in Multiparty Electoral Politics’, in Chweya, Ludeki,
- ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
- Jonyo, Fred, 2003, ‘The Centrality of Ethnicity in Kenya’s Political Transition’, in Oyugi et al.,
- The Politics of Transition in Kenya: From KANU to NARC, Heinrich Ball Foundation.
- Lakeman. L., 1974, How Democracies Vote: A Study of Election Systems, London: Faber and Faber.
- Mackenzie, W., & Robinson, K., eds., 1960, Five Elections in Africa, London: Oxford University Press.
- Makumi, Mwagiru, 2002. ‘Elections and the Constitutional and Legal: regime in Kenya’, in Chweya,
- Ludeki, ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress. McPherson, C. B., 1966, The Real
- World of Democracy, Oxford, Claredon Press. Mitullah, Winnie, 2002, ‘Democratization at Grassroots:
- Local government Elections in Kisumu Municipality’, in Chweya. Lufdeki, ed., Electoral Politicsin Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
- Moyo, J., 1992, Voting for Democracy, Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications.
- Mulei, C., ‘Historical Perspectives of Elections in Kenya’, in The Electoral Environment in Kenya,
- An IED research project report, n.d.
- Nzomo, M., 1993, ‘Engendering Democratization in Kenya: A Political Perspective’, in Kabira et. al.
- eds., Democratic Change in Africa: Women’s Perspective, Nairobi: Acts Gender Institute.
- Oyugi, W. O., 1997, ‘Ethnicity in the Electoral Process: The 1992 General Elections in Kenya’,
- African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2, No.1, 41-69.
- Rutten M., et al., eds., 2001, Out for the Count. The 1997 General Elections and Prospects for
- Democracy in Kenya, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Wanjala, Smoking, 2002, ‘Elections and the Political Transition in Kenya’, in Mute, et al., eds.,
- Building an Open Society – The Politics: A Developmental Approach, Boston and Toronto: Little Brown and Company.
- Wanyande, P., 2002, ‘The Power of Knowledge: Voter Education and Electoral Behaviour in a Kenyan
- Constituency’, in Chweya L., ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
- Wanyande, P., 2003, ‘Affirmative Action for Kenyan Women: An Analysis of the Relevant Provisions of
- the Draft Constitution’, in Perspectives on Gender Discourse, Henrich Boll Foundation, East and
- Horn of Africa Region.Wanyande.p
Les références
Barkan, J., and Chege, M., 2000, ‘Kenya tries Again’, in Diamond L., and Plattner M.,
Democratization in Africa, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Chweya, Ludeki, ed., 2002, Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress. Dye, T. & Zeigler, H.,
, The Irony of Democracy, Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company.
Hogan, J., 1945, Election and Representation, Oxford: Cork University Press. Hyden, G., and
Lesslie, M., 2003, Communications and Democratization in Africa,
New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.
Institute for Education in Democracy, 1997, National Election Data Book, Kenya, 1963-1999.
Jonyo, Fred, 2002, ‘Ethnicity in Multiparty Electoral Politics’, in Chweya, Ludeki,
ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
Jonyo, Fred, 2003, ‘The Centrality of Ethnicity in Kenya’s Political Transition’, in Oyugi et al.,
The Politics of Transition in Kenya: From KANU to NARC, Heinrich Ball Foundation.
Lakeman. L., 1974, How Democracies Vote: A Study of Election Systems, London: Faber and Faber.
Mackenzie, W., & Robinson, K., eds., 1960, Five Elections in Africa, London: Oxford University Press.
Makumi, Mwagiru, 2002. ‘Elections and the Constitutional and Legal: regime in Kenya’, in Chweya,
Ludeki, ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress. McPherson, C. B., 1966, The Real
World of Democracy, Oxford, Claredon Press. Mitullah, Winnie, 2002, ‘Democratization at Grassroots:
Local government Elections in Kisumu Municipality’, in Chweya. Lufdeki, ed., Electoral Politicsin Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
Moyo, J., 1992, Voting for Democracy, Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications.
Mulei, C., ‘Historical Perspectives of Elections in Kenya’, in The Electoral Environment in Kenya,
An IED research project report, n.d.
Nzomo, M., 1993, ‘Engendering Democratization in Kenya: A Political Perspective’, in Kabira et. al.
eds., Democratic Change in Africa: Women’s Perspective, Nairobi: Acts Gender Institute.
Oyugi, W. O., 1997, ‘Ethnicity in the Electoral Process: The 1992 General Elections in Kenya’,
African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2, No.1, 41-69.
Rutten M., et al., eds., 2001, Out for the Count. The 1997 General Elections and Prospects for
Democracy in Kenya, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Wanjala, Smoking, 2002, ‘Elections and the Political Transition in Kenya’, in Mute, et al., eds.,
Building an Open Society – The Politics: A Developmental Approach, Boston and Toronto: Little Brown and Company.
Wanyande, P., 2002, ‘The Power of Knowledge: Voter Education and Electoral Behaviour in a Kenyan
Constituency’, in Chweya L., ed., Electoral Politics in Kenya, Nairobi: Claripress.
Wanyande, P., 2003, ‘Affirmative Action for Kenyan Women: An Analysis of the Relevant Provisions of
the Draft Constitution’, in Perspectives on Gender Discourse, Henrich Boll Foundation, East and
Horn of Africa Region.Wanyande.p