4 - How Britain Underdeveloped Bechuanaland Protectorate: A Brief Critique of the Political Economy of Colonial Botswana
Corresponding Author(s) : Monageng Mogalakwe
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 31 No 1 (2006): Afrique et développement
Résumé
En 1885, la Grande-Bretagne a conféré au Bechuanaland le statut de « protectorat », principalement dans une optique militaire stratégique, plutôt que du fait de la disponibilité de ressources économiques. Cette situation peut amener à croire qu’au Botswana, le processus de sous-développement qui est souvent associé au colonialisme, n’existe tout simplement pas dans ce « protectorat » britannique. Cet article révèle plutôt que même dans ce soi-disant « protectorat », les politiques de l’état colonial britannique ont porté atteinte aux intérêts économiques indigènes et constitué un frein aux opportunités d’accumulation de capital privé par les indigènes, tout en défendant activement les intérêts économiques d’une classe capitaliste réduite composée de colons blancs.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Lenin, V. I., 1968, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
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- Morapedi, W. (2004), Cattle, Trade and the Peasantaries of Botswana: The case of Gantsi and
- Ngamiland, 1938-1953, Pula, Botswana Journal of African Studies, Vol. 18, 2 (95-110)
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- Palmer, R., and Parsons, N., eds., 1977, The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa,
- London: Heinemann.
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- Bechuanaland Protectorate’, in Picard, L., ed., The Evolution of Modern Botswana, Rex Collins.
- Parsons, N., 1975, ‘Khama and Co and the Jousse Trouble 1910-1916’, Journal of African History,
- Vol. 16, No 3 (383-408).
- Parsons, N., 1977, The Economic History of Khama’s Country in Botswana 1844- 1930, in Palmer R and
- Parsons N (eds.) Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa, Berkeley, University of
- California Press, pp. 113-141.
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- Gaborone: Botswana Society, L Barber Press.
- Ramasy, J et al. 1996, Historical Dictionary of Botswana, Lanham MD: Scarecrow. Rodney, W., 1972,
- How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-Samatar, I., 1999, An African Miracle, State and Class Leadership and Colonial Legacy in Botswana
- Development, Portsmouth: Heinemann.
- Schapera, I., 1947, Migrant Labour and Tribal Life, Oxford: OUP. Schapera, I., 1984, The Tswana,
- London: International African Institute.
- Sillery, A., 1965, Founding a Protectorate History of Bechuanaland, 1885-1895, London: Mouton and Co.
- Steenkamp, P., 1991, ‘Cinderella of the Empire?: Development Policy in Bechuanaland in the 1930s’,
- Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2. Taylor, J., 1978, ‘Mine Labour Recruitment in
- the Bechuanaland Protectorate’,
- Botswana Notes and Records, Vol. 10 (99-112).
- Taylor, J.G., 1979, From Modernisation to Modes of Production. A critique of the Sociologies of
- Development and Underdevelopment, London: Macmillan. Tlou, T., 1974, ‘The Nature of Batswana
- States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Tawana Case’, Botswana National
- Records, Vol. 6, pp. 57-75.
- Wallerstein, I., 1961, Africa, the Politics of Independence: An Interpretation of Modern African
- History, New York: Vintage Books.
- Wylie, D., 1990, A Little God: The Twilight of Patriarchy in a Southern African
- Chiefdom, Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Les références
Bhatia, H. L., 1987, Public Finance, New Delhi: Vani Educational Books.
Best, A., 1970, General Trading In Botswana, 1890-1968, Economic Geography, 46, 4, pp 598-611.
Campbell, A., 1968, The Guide to Botswana, Johannesburg: Winchester Press. Chazan, N., et al.,
, Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, Boulder:Lynne Rienner.
Chinweizu, 1987, The West and the Rest of Us: White Predators, Black Slavers and the African Elite, Lagos: Pero Press.
Chirenje, M., 1977, A History of Northern Botswana, 1850-1910, Fairleigh: Dickson University Press.
Colclough, C., and McCarthy, S., 1980, The Political Economy of Botswana: A Study of Growth and
Distribution, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Courcel, de G (1988) The Berlin Act of 26th February 1885, in Forster S, Mommsen W and Robinson R
(eds.) Bismarck, Europe, and Africa – The Berlin Africa Conference 1884-1885 and the Onset of Partition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
du Toit, P., 1995, State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa, Washington, D.C.:United States
Institute of Peace Press.
Fawcus, P., and Tilbury, A., 2000, Botswana: Road to Independence, Gaborone: Botswana Society.
Gossett, C. W., 1986, The Civil Service in Botswana: Personnel Policies and Comparative
Perspectives, PhD Thesis, Stanford University.
Halpern, J.,1969, South Africa’s Hostages, Basutoland, Bechuanaland, and Swaziland, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Hermans, Q., 1974, ‘Towards Budgetary Independences. A Review of Botswana Financial History
-1973’, Botswana Notes and Records, Vol.6 (89-135). Kennedy, P., 1988, African Capitalism, The
Struggle for Ascendancy, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Legassick, M., 1969, ‘The Sotho-Tswana Peoples before 1800’, in L. Thompson, ed., African Societies
in Southern Africa, London: Heinemann.
Lenin, V. I., 1968, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Massey, D., 1978, ‘A Case of Colonial Collaboration: The Hut Tax and Migrant Labour’, Botswana
Notes and Records, Vol. 10 (95-98).
Maylam, P., 1980, Rhodes, the Tswana, and the British, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Mogalakwe, M., 1997, The State and Organised Labour in Botswana, ‘Liberal Democracy in Emergent
Capitalism’, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
Morapedi, W. (2004), Cattle, Trade and the Peasantaries of Botswana: The case of Gantsi and
Ngamiland, 1938-1953, Pula, Botswana Journal of African Studies, Vol. 18, 2 (95-110)
Muzorewa, B. C., 1978, ‘The Role of Local Treasuries in the Underdevelopment of Botswana,
-1953’, Botswana Notes and Records, Vol. 10 (113-118).
Palmer, R., and Parsons, N., eds., 1977, The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa,
London: Heinemann.
Parson, J., 1985, ‘The Labour Reserve in Historical Perspective: Towards a Political Economy of the
Bechuanaland Protectorate’, in Picard, L., ed., The Evolution of Modern Botswana, Rex Collins.
Parsons, N., 1975, ‘Khama and Co and the Jousse Trouble 1910-1916’, Journal of African History,
Vol. 16, No 3 (383-408).
Parsons, N., 1977, The Economic History of Khama’s Country in Botswana 1844- 1930, in Palmer R and
Parsons N (eds.) Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa, Berkeley, University of
California Press, pp. 113-141.
Parsons, Q., and Crowder, M., 1988, Monarch of all I Survey: Bechuanaland Diaries 1929-37,
Gaborone: Botswana Society, L Barber Press.
Ramasy, J et al. 1996, Historical Dictionary of Botswana, Lanham MD: Scarecrow. Rodney, W., 1972,
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-Samatar, I., 1999, An African Miracle, State and Class Leadership and Colonial Legacy in Botswana
Development, Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Schapera, I., 1947, Migrant Labour and Tribal Life, Oxford: OUP. Schapera, I., 1984, The Tswana,
London: International African Institute.
Sillery, A., 1965, Founding a Protectorate History of Bechuanaland, 1885-1895, London: Mouton and Co.
Steenkamp, P., 1991, ‘Cinderella of the Empire?: Development Policy in Bechuanaland in the 1930s’,
Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2. Taylor, J., 1978, ‘Mine Labour Recruitment in
the Bechuanaland Protectorate’,
Botswana Notes and Records, Vol. 10 (99-112).
Taylor, J.G., 1979, From Modernisation to Modes of Production. A critique of the Sociologies of
Development and Underdevelopment, London: Macmillan. Tlou, T., 1974, ‘The Nature of Batswana
States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Tawana Case’, Botswana National
Records, Vol. 6, pp. 57-75.
Wallerstein, I., 1961, Africa, the Politics of Independence: An Interpretation of Modern African
History, New York: Vintage Books.
Wylie, D., 1990, A Little God: The Twilight of Patriarchy in a Southern African
Chiefdom, Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.