9 - Secondary Education - A 'Tool' for National Development in Ghana. A Critical Appraisal of the Post-Colonial Context
Corresponding Author(s) : Hubert Ο. Quist
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 28 No 3-4 (2003): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cet article évalue le rôle de l'éducation secondaire, en tant qu'»outil de développement national dans le Ghana post colonial. Il analyse les problèmes de l'éducation secondaire, en insistant sur son financement et sur sa réforme. J'écris que, malgré le soutien actuel que la Banque Mondiale accorde à l'éducation primaire universelle en Afrique (un projet initié au Ghana dès 1951 ), qui constitue une rupture majeure par rapport à l'ancien programme de financement de l'éducation universitaire initié par cette même Banque (années 60), considéré comme la panacée aux défis de développement de l'Afrique, l'éducation secondaire demeure vitale à la concrétisation des projets de développement du Ghana. Elle constitue la forme d'éducation supérieure la plus accessible aujourd'hui, au Ghana, et qui bénéficie actuellement d'un regain d'attention et d'une certaine évolution ; elle est plus à même que l'éducation primaire, de préserver les taux d'alphabétisation réalisés, de forger une certaine conscience politique, et, ainsi, de faire avancer la démocratie et de fournir une main-d'œuvre de niveau moyen, indispensable au développement national.
Hubert Ο. Quist, Department of Educational Foundations, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- A.gbodeka, Francis, 1977, Achimota in the National Set ting: a Unique Educational Experiment in West Africa, Accra: Afram Publications.
- A.hiable-Addo, C.K., 1980, 'Education Refonn and Failure in Ghana, 1920-1951 ',West African Journal of Education, Vol. XXI, No.3. pp. I 07-133.
- A.min, Samir, 1975, 'What Education for What Development?', Prospects, Vol.V, No.l, pp. 48-52.
- A.ntwi, Moses K., 1990, Education, Society and Deve/opment in Ghana, Accra: Unimax Publishers Limited.
- A.nyemedu, Kwasi, 1993, 'The Economie Policies of the PNDC', pp.13-47 in E. Gyimah ed., Ghana under PNDC Rule, Dakarl, CODESRIA.
- A.wudetsey, S.A., I 978, 'The Problem of Africanization of Education', Ghana Journal of Education, No.4, pp.14-19.
- Barrington, John M., 1983, 'Transfer of Educational Ideas: Notions of Adapta tion', Compare, Vol. I 3, No. l, pp. 61--68.
- Bartels, F. L., 1965, The Roots ofGhana Methodism, Cambridge: Cambridge Uni versity Press.
- Bennan, E.G., 1971, 'American influence on African Education: the Role of the Phelps-Stokes Fund in African Education Commissions', Comparative Edu cation Review, Vol. 15, No.2, pp. 132-145.
- Bennan, E.G., 1972, 'Tuskegee-in Africa', The Journal of Negro Histo1y, Vol. il, No.2, pp.99-112.3ening, S.S., 1990, A History of Education in Northern Ghana, 1907-1976, Accra,Ghana Universities Press.
- Bishop, Alan J., 1990, 'Western Mathematics: the Secret Weapon of Cultural Imperialism', Race and Class, Vol. 32, No.2, pp. 51---66.
- Boahen, Albert A., 1996', Mfàntsipim and the Making of Ghana: a Centenary History, 1876-1976.
- Accra: Sankora Educational Publications.
- Bock, John, 1982, 'Education and Development: a Conflict ofMeaning', pp. 78-101 in Philip G. Altbach et. al eds., Comparative Education, New York, Macmillan Publishers.
- Bray, Mark, 1986, 'Education and Nation-building', pp. 23-35, in Mark Bray et. al, Educational Society in Afi·ica, London: E. Arnold.
- Browne, Angella W. and Barrett, Hazel R., 1991, 'F emale Education in Sub Saharan Africa: the Key to Development', Comparative Education, Vol. 27, No.3. pp. 275-285.
- Bude, Udo., 1983, 'The Adaptation Concept in British Colonial Education', Com parative Education, Vol. 19, No.3, pp.341-55.
- Dei Sera, George J., 1993, 'Learning in the Time of Structural Adjustment poli cies: the Ghanaian Experience', Canadian and International Education, Vol. 22, No.!, pp. 43-65.
- Debeauvais, Michel, 1981, 'Education and National Development', Oxford Re view of Education, Vol. 7, No. l, pp.67-71.
- Easton, Peter and Klees, Steven, 1990, 'Education and the Economy: Consider ing Alternative Perspectives', Prospects. Vol. XX, No.4, pp. 413-28.
- Foster, Philip, 1965, Education and Social Change in Ghana, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Ghana, Republic of, 1969, Pre-university Education in Ghana: Brochure, Accra, Ministry of Education Publishing.
- Ghana, Republic of, 1974, The New Structure and Content of Education.for Ghana,Accra, Ministry of Education.
- Ghana, Republic of 1981, Economie Survey, 1977-1980, Accra, Central Bureau of Statistics.
- Ghana, Republic of, 1965, Sei·en- Year Development Plan. Annuai Plan for the Second Plan Year 1965 Financia/ Year, Accra, Office of the Planning Com m1ss10n.
- Ghana, Republic of, 1963, National Assemb(v. Parliamenta,y Debates: O[(icialReport, Accra, Government Printer, 24 September.
- Ghana, Republic of. 1964. Parliamenta,y Dchates. Session 1963-64,3 7, 22nd September, 1964- 2nd October.
- Ghana, Republic of, 1994, Quarter/y Digest of Statistics, XII, 1, March, Accra, Statistical Service.
- Ghana Planning Commission, 1965, Seven-year Dei-clopment Plan: a briefout line, Accra, Government Printing Department.
- Gold Coast, 1955, Education Report/or the Year /955, Accra. The Government Primer.
- Gosh, Suresh Chandra, 1993, 'English in Taste, in Opinion, in Words and Intellect', pp. 175-195, in J. Mangan ed., The Imperia/ Curriculum: Racial Images and Education in the British Colonial Experience, New York, Routledge.
- Habte, Aklilu, and Heyneman, Stephen, 1983, 'Education for National Develop ment; World Bank Activities', Prospects, Vol. Xll, No.4, pp. 471-79.
- Harbinson, Frederick H., and Myers, Charles H., 1964, Education, Manpower and Economie Growth: Strategies of Human Resource Development, New York: Mcgraw, Hill.
- Heyneman, S., 1987, 'Curricular Economies in Secondary Education: an Emerg ing Crisis in Developing Countries', Prospects, Vol. XVll, No.l, pp. 63-74. Kamens, David H., and Benavot,Aaron, 1991, 'Elite Knowledge for the Masses: the Origins and Spread of Mathematics and Science Education in National_
- Curricula', American Journal of Education, Vol. 99, No.2, pp. 137-80.
- Kay, S., and Nystrom, B., 1971, 'Education and Colonialism in Africa: an Annotated Bibliography', Comparative Education Review, June, pp. 240-259. Kimble, David, 1963, A Political History of Ghana: the Rise of Gold Coast
- Nationalism, 1850-1928, London: Oxford University Press.
- Lewis, L.J., 1954, Educationa/ Policy and Practice in British Tropical Areas.
- London, Thomas Nelson and Sons Limited.
- Mcwilliam, H.O., and Kwamena-Poh, M.A., 1975, The Development of Education in Ghana, London: Longmans.
- Morsy, Zaghloul, 1987, 'Landmarks: the Secondary Education Debate', Prospects, Vol. XVII, No.!, pp. 3-8.
- Odamtten, S.K., 1978, The Missionary Factor in Ghana s Deve/opment up to the1880s, Accra, Waterville Publishing House.
- Orivel, Francois, and Sergent, Fabrice, 1988, 'Foreign Aïd to Education in Sub Saharan Africa: How Useful lt?', Prospects, Vol. XVlll, No.4, pp. 459-69.
- Psacharopoulos, G., 1981, 'Retums to Education: an Updated International Com parison', Comparative Education, Vol. 17, pp. 321-41.
- Quist, Hubert O., 1990, The Development of Education in the Volta Region of Ghana 1918-1966, Unpublished M. Ed. Thesis, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Quist, Hubert O., 1994, 'The Missionary Element in the Development ofEducation in the Volta Region of Ghana, l 920-1950',Journal ofthe Institute of Educa tion, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, Vol. 3, No. l ,pp.119-133.Quist, Hubert O., 1999a, Seconda,y Education and Nation-Building: A Study of Ghana, 1951-1991, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University.
- Quist, Hubert O., 1999b, 'Secondary Education in Ghana at the Dawn of The Twenty-First Century: Profile, Problems, Prospects', Prospects, Vol. XXIX, No.4, pp. 425-42.
- Sachs, Wolfgang., ed., I 992, The Development Dictionary: a Guide to Knowl edge as Power, London, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., Zed Books.
- Scadding, Helen. 1989. 'Junior Secondary Schools - an Educational Initiative in ihana', Compare, Vol. 19, No.!, pp. 43-48.;;canton, David, 1964, Traditions of African Education, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
- Smith, Noe!, 1966, The Presbyterian Church of Ghana, 1935-1960: a Younger Church in Changing Society, Accra: Ghana Universities Press.
- Spaulding, Seth., 1988, 'Prescriptions for Educational Reform: Dilemmas of the Real World', Comparative Education, Vol. 24, No.!, p.5.
- Steiner-Khamsi, Gita, and Quist, Hubert O., 2000, The Politics ofEducational Borrowing: Reopening of The Case of Achimota in British Ghana', Comparative Education Review, Vol. 44, No.3, pp.272-99.
- fhiam, lba Der., 1990, 'The Jomtien Plan of Action in the Sub-Saharan Context',Prospects, Vol. XX, No.4, pp. 503-11.
- fhiong'o Wa, Ngugi, 1986, Decolonizing the Mind: the Po/itics of language in African literature, London, J. Currey.
- JNESCO, 1993, World Education Report, Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Whitehead, Clive, 1995, 'The Medium of Instruction in British Colonial Education: A Case of Cultural lmperialism or Enlightened Patemalism', History of Education, Vol., 24,
- No.!, pp. 1-15.11/illiams, T .D., 1964, 'Sir Gordon Guggisberg and Educational Reform in the Gold Coast,
- -1927', Comparative Education Review, Vol. 8, No.3, December, pp. 290-306.
- /orld Bank, 1995, Priorities and Strategies for Deve/opment in practical Edu ation. A World Bank Review, Washington, DC.,The World Bank.
Les références
A.gbodeka, Francis, 1977, Achimota in the National Set ting: a Unique Educational Experiment in West Africa, Accra: Afram Publications.
A.hiable-Addo, C.K., 1980, 'Education Refonn and Failure in Ghana, 1920-1951 ',West African Journal of Education, Vol. XXI, No.3. pp. I 07-133.
A.min, Samir, 1975, 'What Education for What Development?', Prospects, Vol.V, No.l, pp. 48-52.
A.ntwi, Moses K., 1990, Education, Society and Deve/opment in Ghana, Accra: Unimax Publishers Limited.
A.nyemedu, Kwasi, 1993, 'The Economie Policies of the PNDC', pp.13-47 in E. Gyimah ed., Ghana under PNDC Rule, Dakarl, CODESRIA.
A.wudetsey, S.A., I 978, 'The Problem of Africanization of Education', Ghana Journal of Education, No.4, pp.14-19.
Barrington, John M., 1983, 'Transfer of Educational Ideas: Notions of Adapta tion', Compare, Vol. I 3, No. l, pp. 61--68.
Bartels, F. L., 1965, The Roots ofGhana Methodism, Cambridge: Cambridge Uni versity Press.
Bennan, E.G., 1971, 'American influence on African Education: the Role of the Phelps-Stokes Fund in African Education Commissions', Comparative Edu cation Review, Vol. 15, No.2, pp. 132-145.
Bennan, E.G., 1972, 'Tuskegee-in Africa', The Journal of Negro Histo1y, Vol. il, No.2, pp.99-112.3ening, S.S., 1990, A History of Education in Northern Ghana, 1907-1976, Accra,Ghana Universities Press.
Bishop, Alan J., 1990, 'Western Mathematics: the Secret Weapon of Cultural Imperialism', Race and Class, Vol. 32, No.2, pp. 51---66.
Boahen, Albert A., 1996', Mfàntsipim and the Making of Ghana: a Centenary History, 1876-1976.
Accra: Sankora Educational Publications.
Bock, John, 1982, 'Education and Development: a Conflict ofMeaning', pp. 78-101 in Philip G. Altbach et. al eds., Comparative Education, New York, Macmillan Publishers.
Bray, Mark, 1986, 'Education and Nation-building', pp. 23-35, in Mark Bray et. al, Educational Society in Afi·ica, London: E. Arnold.
Browne, Angella W. and Barrett, Hazel R., 1991, 'F emale Education in Sub Saharan Africa: the Key to Development', Comparative Education, Vol. 27, No.3. pp. 275-285.
Bude, Udo., 1983, 'The Adaptation Concept in British Colonial Education', Com parative Education, Vol. 19, No.3, pp.341-55.
Dei Sera, George J., 1993, 'Learning in the Time of Structural Adjustment poli cies: the Ghanaian Experience', Canadian and International Education, Vol. 22, No.!, pp. 43-65.
Debeauvais, Michel, 1981, 'Education and National Development', Oxford Re view of Education, Vol. 7, No. l, pp.67-71.
Easton, Peter and Klees, Steven, 1990, 'Education and the Economy: Consider ing Alternative Perspectives', Prospects. Vol. XX, No.4, pp. 413-28.
Foster, Philip, 1965, Education and Social Change in Ghana, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Ghana, Republic of, 1969, Pre-university Education in Ghana: Brochure, Accra, Ministry of Education Publishing.
Ghana, Republic of, 1974, The New Structure and Content of Education.for Ghana,Accra, Ministry of Education.
Ghana, Republic of 1981, Economie Survey, 1977-1980, Accra, Central Bureau of Statistics.
Ghana, Republic of, 1965, Sei·en- Year Development Plan. Annuai Plan for the Second Plan Year 1965 Financia/ Year, Accra, Office of the Planning Com m1ss10n.
Ghana, Republic of, 1963, National Assemb(v. Parliamenta,y Debates: O[(icialReport, Accra, Government Printer, 24 September.
Ghana, Republic of. 1964. Parliamenta,y Dchates. Session 1963-64,3 7, 22nd September, 1964- 2nd October.
Ghana, Republic of, 1994, Quarter/y Digest of Statistics, XII, 1, March, Accra, Statistical Service.
Ghana Planning Commission, 1965, Seven-year Dei-clopment Plan: a briefout line, Accra, Government Printing Department.
Gold Coast, 1955, Education Report/or the Year /955, Accra. The Government Primer.
Gosh, Suresh Chandra, 1993, 'English in Taste, in Opinion, in Words and Intellect', pp. 175-195, in J. Mangan ed., The Imperia/ Curriculum: Racial Images and Education in the British Colonial Experience, New York, Routledge.
Habte, Aklilu, and Heyneman, Stephen, 1983, 'Education for National Develop ment; World Bank Activities', Prospects, Vol. Xll, No.4, pp. 471-79.
Harbinson, Frederick H., and Myers, Charles H., 1964, Education, Manpower and Economie Growth: Strategies of Human Resource Development, New York: Mcgraw, Hill.
Heyneman, S., 1987, 'Curricular Economies in Secondary Education: an Emerg ing Crisis in Developing Countries', Prospects, Vol. XVll, No.l, pp. 63-74. Kamens, David H., and Benavot,Aaron, 1991, 'Elite Knowledge for the Masses: the Origins and Spread of Mathematics and Science Education in National_
Curricula', American Journal of Education, Vol. 99, No.2, pp. 137-80.
Kay, S., and Nystrom, B., 1971, 'Education and Colonialism in Africa: an Annotated Bibliography', Comparative Education Review, June, pp. 240-259. Kimble, David, 1963, A Political History of Ghana: the Rise of Gold Coast
Nationalism, 1850-1928, London: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, L.J., 1954, Educationa/ Policy and Practice in British Tropical Areas.
London, Thomas Nelson and Sons Limited.
Mcwilliam, H.O., and Kwamena-Poh, M.A., 1975, The Development of Education in Ghana, London: Longmans.
Morsy, Zaghloul, 1987, 'Landmarks: the Secondary Education Debate', Prospects, Vol. XVII, No.!, pp. 3-8.
Odamtten, S.K., 1978, The Missionary Factor in Ghana s Deve/opment up to the1880s, Accra, Waterville Publishing House.
Orivel, Francois, and Sergent, Fabrice, 1988, 'Foreign Aïd to Education in Sub Saharan Africa: How Useful lt?', Prospects, Vol. XVlll, No.4, pp. 459-69.
Psacharopoulos, G., 1981, 'Retums to Education: an Updated International Com parison', Comparative Education, Vol. 17, pp. 321-41.
Quist, Hubert O., 1990, The Development of Education in the Volta Region of Ghana 1918-1966, Unpublished M. Ed. Thesis, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Quist, Hubert O., 1994, 'The Missionary Element in the Development ofEducation in the Volta Region of Ghana, l 920-1950',Journal ofthe Institute of Educa tion, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, Vol. 3, No. l ,pp.119-133.Quist, Hubert O., 1999a, Seconda,y Education and Nation-Building: A Study of Ghana, 1951-1991, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University.
Quist, Hubert O., 1999b, 'Secondary Education in Ghana at the Dawn of The Twenty-First Century: Profile, Problems, Prospects', Prospects, Vol. XXIX, No.4, pp. 425-42.
Sachs, Wolfgang., ed., I 992, The Development Dictionary: a Guide to Knowl edge as Power, London, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., Zed Books.
Scadding, Helen. 1989. 'Junior Secondary Schools - an Educational Initiative in ihana', Compare, Vol. 19, No.!, pp. 43-48.;;canton, David, 1964, Traditions of African Education, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Smith, Noe!, 1966, The Presbyterian Church of Ghana, 1935-1960: a Younger Church in Changing Society, Accra: Ghana Universities Press.
Spaulding, Seth., 1988, 'Prescriptions for Educational Reform: Dilemmas of the Real World', Comparative Education, Vol. 24, No.!, p.5.
Steiner-Khamsi, Gita, and Quist, Hubert O., 2000, The Politics ofEducational Borrowing: Reopening of The Case of Achimota in British Ghana', Comparative Education Review, Vol. 44, No.3, pp.272-99.
fhiam, lba Der., 1990, 'The Jomtien Plan of Action in the Sub-Saharan Context',Prospects, Vol. XX, No.4, pp. 503-11.
fhiong'o Wa, Ngugi, 1986, Decolonizing the Mind: the Po/itics of language in African literature, London, J. Currey.
JNESCO, 1993, World Education Report, Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Whitehead, Clive, 1995, 'The Medium of Instruction in British Colonial Education: A Case of Cultural lmperialism or Enlightened Patemalism', History of Education, Vol., 24,
No.!, pp. 1-15.11/illiams, T .D., 1964, 'Sir Gordon Guggisberg and Educational Reform in the Gold Coast,
-1927', Comparative Education Review, Vol. 8, No.3, December, pp. 290-306.
/orld Bank, 1995, Priorities and Strategies for Deve/opment in practical Edu ation. A World Bank Review, Washington, DC.,The World Bank.