6 - The De-territorialization on Egypt’s Desert Cities: The Case of Sixth of October City
Corresponding Author(s) : Deena Khalil
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 48 No 1 (2023): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cet article examine la mise en œuvre d’idées ayant trait à la « déterritoriali- sation » des villes du Sud global dans les nouvelles agglomérations urbaines du désert entourant le Caire, en Égypte. Il répond également à l'appel à une « élaboration théorique engagée » en collaborant avec une organisation de développement communautaire locale sur une étude de cas de Sixth of October City (SOC), une nouvelle cité dans l'arrière-pays désertique du Caire. S'appuyant sur des données d'entretiens, l'article soutient qu'une certaine forme de suburbain d'inspiration occidentale en est venue à caractériser les villes égyptiennes, caractérisation qui découle de la nécessité de faire re- circuler le capital en dehors des villes existantes. Je propose trois manières de déterritorialiser ces banlieues désertiques. Premièrement, je soutiens que, dans les nouvelles cités, la gouvernance est plus axée sur la transformation territoriale que sur la gestion des populations, et que cela a abouti à ce que je qualifie d'informalité planifiée. Deuxièmement, je montre que, dans les villes nouvelles, le logement est devenu tellement financiarisé que même le logement social (soi-disant subventionné) a été intégré dans les circuits du capital. Enfin, je démontre qu'il existe une forme persistante d'inégalité dans les services et les infrastructures de base, et que la manière dont l'État régit le système de prestation de services empêche les résidents de développer des modes d'accès alternatifs, ce qui a mis fin à la capacité des personnes servir d'infrastructure.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Aalbers, M., 2017, The Variegated Financialisation Of Housing, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 542–554.
- Abaza, M., 2001, Shopping Malls, Consumer Culture And The Reshaping of Public Space In Egypt, Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 97–122.
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- CAPMAS, 2017, National Census.
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- SOC City Authority, 2020, Sixth of October City Electronic Portal. Available at https://bit.ly/2RzOMqE. Accessed 24 May 2020.
- TADAMUN, 2017, Planning [in] Justice: Spatial Analysis for Urban Cairo, TADAMUN: The Cairo Urban Solidarity Initiative. Available online at http://www.tadamun.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/PlanninginJustice_Final.pdf.
- World Bank, 2008, Towards an Urban Sector Strategy. Available online at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/828841468023412033/pdf/411780v20ESW0E1Box0327393B01PUBLIC1.pdf. Accessed 19 April 2020.
- World Bank, 2020, Available online at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV. GINI?end=2015andlocations=EGandstart=1995andview=chart. Accessed 18 April 2020.
Les références
Aalbers, M., 2017, The Variegated Financialisation Of Housing, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 542–554.
Abaza, M., 2001, Shopping Malls, Consumer Culture And The Reshaping of Public Space In Egypt, Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 97–122.
Ahmed, O. A., Khalifa, M., and Abdel-Rahman, A. S., 2017, The Affordability of the Provided Housing Units in Egypt; Case Study of the National Housing Program (NHP). 1st International Conference on Towards a Better Quality of Life.
Avis, W. R., 2016, Urban Governance, Topic Guide November 2016, GSDRC Applied Knowledge Services. Available online at https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/urban-governance/concepts-and-debates/what-is-urban-governance/
Bremer, J., and Bhuiyan, S., 2014, Community-Led Infrastructure Development In Informal Areas In Urban Egypt: A Case Study, Habitat International, Vol. 44, pp. 258–267.
CAPMAS, 2017, National Census.
Denis, E., 2006, Cairo as Neoliberal Capital?, in Singerman, D. and Amar, P, eds, Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, And Urban Space In The New Globalized Middle East, Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, pp: 47–71.
Ernstson, H., Lawhon, M. and Duminy, J., 2014, Conceptual vectors of African urbanism: ‘Engaged theory-making’ and ‘platforms of engagement’, Regional Studies, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 1563–1577.
Harvey, D., 1982, The Limits to Capital, Oxford: Blackwell.
Khalil, D., 2019, ‘The Flexible Governance of Water in Cairo’s Informal Areas’, Water, Special Issue Water Governance: Retheorizing Politics, 11(8), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081644
Mitchell, T., 1999, Dreamland: The Neoliberalism of Your Desires, Middle East Report, Vol. 201.
New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA), 2020a, Vision. Available online at http://www.newcities.gov.eg/about/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx. Accessed 19 April 2020.
New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA), 2020b, Sixth of October City. Available online at http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/October/default.aspx. Accessed 19 April 2020.
Nicolson, A., 2018, How We Put African Urbanism On The Map, UCT News, 15 October. Available online at https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2018-10-15-how-we-put-african-urbanism-on-the-map. Accessed 10-Sep-2020.
Ortega, A. A,. 2016, Neoliberalising Spaces In The Philippines: Suburbanisation, Transnational Migration, And Dispossession, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Rolnik, R., 2013, 'Late Neoliberalism: The Financialisation of Homeownership and Housing Rights', International Journal Of Urban And Regional Research, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 1058–1066.
Schindler, S., 2017, 'Towards A Paradigm Of Southern Urbanism', City, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 47–64.
Shalabi, S., 2018, City in Motion: Spatial Distribution of Urban Transport in a Greater Cairo Suburb, The Built Environment Observatory. Available online at http://marsadomran.info/en/policy_analysis/2018/03/1485/?fbclid=IwAR2kthkpzR LtgwMZgal8Y76B2gE-0USDRkR0yDo7yhuUVZzYJsB279Bv6a4. Accessed 19 April 2020.
Shawkat, Y., 2012, EIPR Housing Policies Paper II Drafting a Fair Housing Policy for Egypt.
Simone, A., 2004, People As Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments In Johannesburg, Public Culture, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 407–429.
Simone, A., 2020, Cities of the Global South, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 46, pp. 603–622.
Sims, D., 2016, Securing Land Tenure in Egypt: Who Needs Registered Titles? MétroPolitiques, 14 June. Available online at https://www.metropolitiques.eu/Securing-Land-Tenure-in-Egypt-Who-Needs-Registered-Titles.html. Accessed 1 June 2020.
SOC City Authority, 2020, Sixth of October City Electronic Portal. Available at https://bit.ly/2RzOMqE. Accessed 24 May 2020.
TADAMUN, 2017, Planning [in] Justice: Spatial Analysis for Urban Cairo, TADAMUN: The Cairo Urban Solidarity Initiative. Available online at http://www.tadamun.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/PlanninginJustice_Final.pdf.
World Bank, 2008, Towards an Urban Sector Strategy. Available online at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/828841468023412033/pdf/411780v20ESW0E1Box0327393B01PUBLIC1.pdf. Accessed 19 April 2020.
World Bank, 2020, Available online at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV. GINI?end=2015andlocations=EGandstart=1995andview=chart. Accessed 18 April 2020.