Numéro

Vol. 48 No 4 (2023): Afrique et développement

3 - The food security concept

Definition, conceptual frameworks, measurement, and operationalization
https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v48i4.5574
Godswill Makombe
Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Corresponding Author(s) : Godswill Makombe

makombeg@yahoo.com

Afrique et développement, Vol. 48 No 4 (2023): Afrique et développement

Résumé

The concept of food security appeared in policy forums and documents during the 1970s as a concern largely for developing countries. Today, food security stands centre stage in developing and developed nations. It is a multidimensional concept, which rests on the four pillars of availability, access, utilisation and stability. As our understanding of this complex concept deepens, there are persuasive arguments to add the elements of food agency, food sovereignty and food sustainability, to make it a six-pillar framework. The argument is that this framework better informs policy and global responses to short- and long-term food security challenges. One of the main challenges of the concept of food security is its measurement. This arises due to the fact that there are multiple units of analysis at macro, meso and micro levels. Even the pillars of food security are measured at different scales. This has resulted in the proliferation of hundreds of food security metrics and definitions. The currently accepted definition of food security encapsulates the complexity of the concept but does not assist in developing appropriate metrics. Development projects in Africa that state food security as an objective need to develop relevant food security definitions to guide the assessment of achieving that objective, otherwise measuring its success is reduced to an evaluation of increase in food production—yet we know food security goes beyond production.

Mots-clés

Afrique agentivité/souveraineté alimentaire sécurité alimentaire durabilité alimentaire mesure opérationnalisation
[1]
Makombe, G. 2024. 3 - The food security concept: Definition, conceptual frameworks, measurement, and operationalization. Afrique et développement. 48, 4 (mai 2024). DOI:https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v48i4.5574.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Les références
  1. Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED), 2014, Arab Environment: Food Security, in Sadik, A., El-Solh, M. and Saab, N., eds, Annual Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development Beirut, Lebanon: Technical Publications.
  2. Ashley, J.M., 2016, Food Security in the Developing World, London: Academic Press.
  3. Bertelli, O., 2020, 'Food security measures in Sub-Saharan Africa. A validation of the LSMS-ISA scale', Journal of African Economies, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 90–120. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz011
  4. Bobe, M., Procopie, R., and Bucur, M., 2019, 'Exploring the Role of Individual Food Security in the Assessment of Population’s Food Safety', Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. 21, No. 51, pp. 347–360. DOI: 10.24818/EA/2019/51/347.
  5. Boratyńska, K., and Huseynov, R.T., 2017, 'An innovative approach to food security policy in developing countries', Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, Vol. 2, pp. 9–44.
  6. Borlizzia, A., Delgrossib, M.E., and Cafieroa, C., 2017, 'National food security assessment through the analysis of food consumption data from Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys: The case of Brazil’s Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiares 2008/09', Food Policy, Vol. 72, pp. 20–26.
  7. Burchi, F., and De Muro, P., 2016, From food availability to nutritional capabilities: Advancing food security analysis, Food Policy, Vol. 60, pp. 20–19.
  8. Candel, J.J.L., 2014, 'Food security governance: a systematic literature review', Food Security, Vol. 6, pp. 585–601. DOI 10.1007/s12571-014-0364-2.
  9. Clapp, J., 2014, 'Food security and food sovereignty: Getting past the binary', Dialogues in Human Geography, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 206–211.
  10. Clapp, J., Moseley, W.G., Burlingame, B., and Termine, P., 2022, 'Viewpoint: The case for a six-dimensional food security framework', Food Policy, Vol. 106, No. 102164, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102164
  11. Clover, J., 2003, 'Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa', African Security Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 5–15.
  12. De Cock, N., D’Haese, M., Vink, N., Van Rooyen, C.J., Staelens, L., Schönfeldt, H.C., and D’Haese, L., 2013, ‘Food security in rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa', Food Security, Vol. 5, pp. 269–282. DOI 10.1007/s12571-013-0247-y
  13. Farmer, Angus, 2021, Get the real story. Know your food. https://www.farmerangus. co.za/). Accessed 15 May 2022.
  14. Fischer, R.A., Byerlee, D., and Edmeades, G.O., 2009, Can Technology Deliver on the Yield Challenge to 2050? Expert Meeting on How to feed the World in 2050. FAO Economic and Social Development Department. Rome. https://ageconsearch. umn.edu/record/55481/.
  15. Fisseha, M., 2022, Land Grabbing in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Study of Gambella Region of Ethiopia, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pretoria.
  16. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 1996, Rome declaration on world food security and world food summit plan of action. Rome: FAO.
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2003, Trade Reforms and Food Security. Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/y4671e/y4671e.pdf
  18. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2006, Food Security, Policy Brief, June 2006, Issue 2. http://www.fao.org/forestry/13128-0e6f36f27e0091055bec28e be830f46b3.pdf
  19. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2009, The State of Food Insecurity in theWorld: Economic crises – impacts and lessons learned, Rome: FAO. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/BC8E3E30F42C6E2A8525764E005A37F0-fao-sofi-eng-oct09.pdf
  20. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, 2021, In Brief, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. Rome: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5409en. Accessed 13 May 2022.
  21. Fouilleux, E., Bricas, N., and Alpha, A., 2017, ‘Feeding 9 billion people’: global food security debates and the productionist trap, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 1658–1677. DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2017.1334084
  22. Gartaula, H., Patel. K., Johnson, D., Devkota, R., Khadka, K., and Chaudhary, P., 2017, From food security to food wellbeing: examining food security through the lens of food wellbeing in Nepal’s rapidly changing agrarian landscape, Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 34, pp. 573–589. DOI 10.1007/s10460-016-9740-1
  23. Hofisi, C., and Chisimba, M., 2013, 'The sustainability of donor funded projects in Malawi', Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 705–714.
  24. Hopma, J., and Woods, M., 2014, Political Geographies of ‘Food Security’ and ‘Food Sovereignty’, Geography Compass, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. 773–784. 10.1111/ gec3.12163
  25. Ike, C.U., 2015, Measuring Household Food Security Status in Taraba State, Nigeria: Comparing Key Indicators, unpublished Master’s thesis, Stellenbosch University. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), 2019, Technical Manual Version 3.1. Evidence and Standards for Better Food Security and Nutrition Decisions. https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/manual/IPC_Technical_Manual_3_Final.pdf
  26. Jarosz, L., 2014, 'Comparing food security and food sovereignty discourses', Dialogues in Human Geography, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 168–181.
  27. Jones, A.D., Ngure, F.M., Pelto, G., and Young, S.L., 2013, 'What are We Assessing When We Measure Food Security? A Compendium and Review of Current Metrics', Advances in Nutrition, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 481–505.
  28. Ksenofontov, M.Y., and Polzikov, D.A., 2020, 'Methodological Aspects of Developing a Collective Food Security Concept in the EEU', Studies on Russian Economic Development, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 573–580.
  29. Ksenofontov, M.Y., Polzikov, D.A., Goldenberg, I.A., and Sitnikov, P.V., 2018, 'Methodological Problems of the Formation of the Concept of Food Security in Russia', Studies on Russian Economic Development, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 551–557. DOI: 10.1134/S1075700718050088.
  30. Lang, T., 2009, Food Security and Sustainability: The perfect fit, Sustainable Development Commission, 10 July. http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/publications.php@ id=981.html) Accessed 12 May 2022.
  31. Lang, T., and Barling, D., 2012, 'Food security and food sustainability: reformulating the debate', The Geographical Journal, Vol. 178, No. 4, pp. 313–326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00480.x.
  32. Larsen, A.F., and Lilleør, H.B., 2014, 'Beyond the Field: The Impact of Farmer Field Schools on Food Security and Poverty Alleviation', World Development, Vol. 64, pp. 843–859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.07.003
  33. La Via Campesina, 1996, The right to produce and access to land. Food Sovereignty: A Future without Hunger. Rome. http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1996-Declaration-of-Food-Sovereignty.pdf
  34. Leventon, J., and Laudan, J., 2017, 'Local food sovereignty for global food security? Highlighting interplay challenges', Geoforum, Vol. 85, pp. 23–26.
  35. Lv, F., Deng, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Wu, Q., and Qiao, J., 2022, 'Multiscale analysis of factors affecting food security in China, 1980–2017', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 29, pp. 6511–6525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16125-1
  36. Makombe, G., 2018, 'Land Reform in South Africa: The Conversation That Never Took Place', The Qualitative Report, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 1401–1421. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3232
  37. Mapiye O., 2017, Towards a management database to improve the sustainability of cattle production and its contribution to food security: A case of emerging beef farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa, unpublished MSc Thesis, Stellenbosch University.
  38. Mapiye, O., 2022, Development of a management database system for sustainable livestock production in the smallholder sector, South Africa, unpublished PhD thesis, Stellenbosch University.
  39. Mapiye O., Nkadimeng, M.V., Makombe, G., Oluwatayo, I.B., Dzama, K., Mojapelo, C., Mollel, N., Ngambi, J., and Mapiye, C., 2019, Limpopo Industrial Development Corporation Nguni Cattle Development Project: Emerging trends, Challenges and Opportunities. Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University.
  40. Maxwell, S., 1996, Food security: a post-modern perspective, Food Policy, Vol. 21, No, 2, pp. 155–170.
  41. Maxwell, S., and Smith, M., 1992, 'Household food security: A conceptual review', in Maxwell, S. and Timothy F., eds., Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, Measurements: A Technical Review. New York and Rome: UNICEF and IFAD. McCarthy, U., Uysal, I., Badia-Melis, R., Mercier, S., O’Donnell, C., and Ktenioudaki, A., 2018, 'Global food security—Issues, challenges and technological solutions', Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol. 77, pp. 11–20.
  42. Neff, R.A., Edwards, D., Palmer, A., Ramsing, R., Righters, A., and Wolfson, J., 2018, 'Reducing meat consumption in the USA: a nationally representative survey of attitudes and behaviours', Public Health Nutrition, Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 1835–1844. DOI:10.1017/S1368980017004190
  43. Neufeld, L.M., Hendriks, S., and Hugas, M., 2021, 'Healthy Diet: A Definition for the United Nations Food Systems Summit. Food Systems Summit Report prepared by the Scientific Group for the Food Systems Summit July 2021', in Von Braun, J., Afsana, K., Fresco, L. O. and Hassan, M., 2021, eds, Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation and Summit Actions, Papers by the Scientific Group and its partners in support of the UN Food Systems Summit. https://sc-fss2021.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ScGroup_Reader_UNFSS2021.pdf. Accessed 17 March 2022.
  44. Nkadimeng, M.V., 2019, Determinants of Market Participation and Profitability for smallholder Nguni Livestock Farmers: Implications for Food Security and Livelihoods in the Limpopo Province’, MSc thesis, University of Limpopo.
  45. Ogundiran, A., 2019, Food Security, Food Sovereignty and Indigenous Knowledge, African Archaeological Review, Vol. 36, pp. 343–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10437-019-09349-7
  46. Patel, R., 2009, What does food sovereignty look like?, Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 663–706. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150903143079
  47. Paul, B.K., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Notenbaert, A., Nderi, N.A., and Ericksen, P., 2021, 'Sustainable livestock development in low- and middle-income countries: shedding light on evidence-based solutions', Environmental. Research Letters, Vol. 16, pp. 1–7.
  48. Republic of South Africa, 1996, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Government Printers, Pretoria.
  49. Republic of South Africa, 2013, Strategic Plan 2013/14–2017/18 for the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Government Printers.
  50. Sahlin, K.R., Carolus, J., Von Greyer, K., Ekqvist, I., and Röös, E., 2022, 'Delivering ‘less but better’ meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition', Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 42, No. 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-021-00737-5
  51. Sharaunga, S., Mudhara, M., and Bogale, A., 2016, 'Effects of ‘women empowerment’ on household food security in rural KwaZulu-Natal province', Development Policy Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 223–252.
  52. Shetty, P., 2015, 'From food security to food and nutrition security: role of agriculture and farming systems for nutrition', Current Science, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 456–462.
  53. Upton, J.B., Cissé, J.D., and Barrett, C.B., 2016, 'Food security as resilience: reconciling definition and measurement', Agricultural Economics, Vol. 47 (supplement), pp. 135–147.
  54. Wald, N., and Hill, D.P., 2016, ‘‘Rescaling’ alternative food systems: from food security to food Sovereignty’, Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 33, pp. 203–213. DOI 10.1007/s10460-015-9623-x
  55. Warr, P., 2014, ‘Food insecurity and its determinants’, Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 58, pp. 519–537.
  56. Wittman, H., Desmarais, A.A., and Wiebe, N., 2010, ‘The origins and potential of food sovereignty’, in Wittman, H., Desmarais, A. A. and Wiebe, N., eds., Food Sovereignty: Reconnecting Food, Nature and Community, Cape Town: Fernwood Publishing.
  57. World Bank, 1986, Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries, Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/166331467990005748/pdf/multi-page.pdf
  58. World Food Programme (WFP), 2013, State of School Feeding Worldwide. Rome: WFP.
  59. <http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp257481.pdf>
  60. Young, E.M., 2004, ‘Globalization and food security: novel questions in a novel context?’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1–21.
  61. Zidouemba, P., 2016, ‘Half a Century of Consensus and Controversies about Food Security’, Journal of Food Security, 4, Vol. 6, pp. 138–146.
Read More
Les biographies des auteurs des articles ne sont pas disponibles
Télécharger ce document PDF
PDF (ENGLISH)
Statistic
Read Counter : 284 Download : 18

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Articles similaires

<< < 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 > >> 

Vous pouvez également Lancer une recherche avancée de similarité pour cet article.