7 - Understanding Shifts in Nigeria’s Trade Policy: From Realism to Protectionism
Corresponding Author(s) : Folarin Alayande
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 45 No 1 (2020): Afrique et développement
Résumé
En 2018, la réticence du Nigéria, la plus grande économie d’Afrique, à signer deux accords majeurs de libéralisation du commerce international a choqué nombre d’observateurs locaux et internationaux. Cependant, ces positions de politique commerciale n'étaient pas inattendues. A l’insu de nombreux analystes, plusieurs changements subtils avaient, d'une manière qui semblait incohérente, été portés à l'architecture de coopération internationale et à la politique économique étrangère du Nigéria. En outre, l'hypothèse du consentement automatique du Nigéria aux deux accords était erronée pour deux raisons principales. Premièrement, le prétexte de connectivité et d'accès aux marchés comme justification sous-jacente des deux accords reposait sur le caractère fallacieux de la composition, qui veut que l'ensemble soit plus important que la somme de ses parties. Ce prétexte a été de plus en plus remis en question par l’influent et organisé secteur privé du Nigéria, qui était passé des principes altruistes de politique étrangère des années 70 à la protection face aux externalités négatives du commerce. Deuxièmement, la position commerciale du Nigéria a, à tort, été considérée en dehors de sa politique économique étrangère, qui reposait de plus en plus sur un « concentrisme » bénéfique et la reconquête de capacités internes. Dans cette nouvelle configuration, qui met l’accent sur une politique commerciale stratégique appuyée par un pragmatisme économique, il est essentiel de comprendre les changements dans l’équilibre des pouvoirs intérieurs afin d’anticiper les réponses de la politique commerciale du Nigéria.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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Les références
African Union, 2018, ‘Indication of legal instruments to be signed at the 10th extraordinary session of the assembly on the launch of the AfCFTA’, Available at: https://au.int/sites/default/files/pressreleases/34033-pr-indication20of20signing20authority2020updated20final20final20docx.pdf. Accessed 2 March 2018.
Abegunrin, O., 2003, Nigerian Foreign Policy under Military Rule, 1966-1999. Connecticut: Praeger.
Adenikinju, A. and Bankole, A., 2014, ‘A CGE modelling of impact of European Union-West Africa Economic Partnership Agreement on Nigeria’. A report submitted to the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, Abuja, Nigeria, April 23.
Ailemen, T., 2018, ‘Why we are yet to sign ECOWAS EPA-Buhari’. BusinessDay, 5 April. Available at:
http://www.businessdayonline.com/yet-sign-ecowas-epa-buhari/. Accessed 29 April 2018.
Akinfenwa, G., 2018, ‘Obasanjo faults Buhari on Africa free trade agreement’, The Guardian Nigeria, 29 March.
Akinyoade A. and Uche C., 2018, ‘Development built on crony capitalism: the case of Nigerian cement’, Journal of Business History, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 833–58.
Alayande, F., 2019, ‘Trade protection and performance of cement industry in Nigeria’, Unpublished PhD. Thesis Presentation to Covenant University, Nigeria.
Aremu. J.O., 2016, Structure and challenges of Nigeria’s diplomatic missions’, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 12. No. 11, pp. 525–38.
Buhari, M., 2018, New Year Address of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Location, 1 January 2018, Abuja, Nigeria.
BusinessDay, 2018, ‘Nigeria refuses to sign the AfCFTA’, Editorial, 26 March. Available at:
http://www.businessdayonline.com/nigerias-refusal-sign-afcfta/. Accessed 29 April 2018.
Deloitte, 2018, ‘The continental free trade agreement: is no deal the right deal for Nigeria?’, 3 May. Available at: https://blog.deloitte.com.ng/the-continental-free-trade-agreement-is-no-deal-the-right-deal-for-nigeria/. Accessed 10 October 2018. Fasan. A., 2015, ‘Nigeria’s import restrictions: a bad policy that harms trade relations’, Africa at LSE. Available at: www.blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/.../nigerias-import-restrictions-a-bad-policy-that-harms-trade. Accessed 4 September 2015.
Fasan, A., 2018, ‘EU-Africa trade relations: why Africa needs the economic partnership agreements’, Africa at LSE. Available at: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2018/03/19/eu-africa-trade-relations-why-africa-needs-the-economic-partnership-agreements/. Accessed 29 April 2018.
FMITI, 2015, ‘Report on waivers and concessions’, Unpublished paper by the Committee to Review Governmental Waivers and Concessions, Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investments, Nigeria.
Linbo, J., 2017, ‘The development of the strategic trade policy and its application in China’, The Chinese Economy, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 97–111.
MBNP, 2017, Nigeria economic recovery and growth plan 2017–2020, Ministry of Budget and National Planning, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja.
Mearsheimer, J., 1995, ‘A realist reply’. International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 82–93.
National Planning Commission, 2009, ‘Nigeria Vision 20: 2020’, Economic Transformation Blueprint, Nigeria: 1st October Publishing, 54–54, 72–74.
NEDI, 2018, ‘Nigerian Economic Diplomacy Initiative – NEDI’, Available at:
https://steemit.com/nigeria/@olawale101/nigerian-economic-diplomacy-initiative-nedi-73509b6e4f74c. Accessed October 10, 2018.
NOTN, 2018, ‘Trade for modernization, growth and job creation’, 2017 Nigerian Annual Trade Report, Nigerian Office for Trade Negotiations, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja.
NOTN, 2018 b. ‘A 21st Century Trade Policy for Nigeria – A Welfare and Prosperity Trade Agenda that Works for All’. http://www.notn.gov.ng/post_action/90. Accessed May 3, 2020.
Ogwu, U.J. and Olukoshi, A., 2002, ‘Nigeria’s economic diplomacy: some contending issues’, in U.J.
Ogwu and A. Olukoshi, eds, The Economic Diplomacy of the Nigerian State, Lagos: NIIA, pp. 12-27.
Osabuohien, E.S., Beecroft, I. and Efobi, U.R., 2018, ‘Global trade and trade protection in a globalised world’, Transnational Corporations Review, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 43–52.
Osinbajo, Y., 2018, Nigerian Economic Diplomacy Initiative Will Help Us Build A Vibrant, Competitive National Economy Speech by the Vice-President at the Launch of the Nigeria Economic
Diplomacy Initiative. Abuja (https://www.yemiosinbajo.ng/nigerian-economic-diplomacy-initiative-will-help-us-build-a-vibrant-competitive-national-economy-vp-osinbajo/) Accessed 4 May 2020.
Oyejide, T.A., Kwanishie, M., Adenikinju, A., Bankole, A., Adegbenro, R, Oghayei, S. and Ogwuche, S., 2009, ‘Impact of EPA market access offer on Nigeria: an updated analysis’, Report Submitted to the Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Abuja, Nigeria.
Oyejide, T.A., Bankole A.S., Adeleke I. and A. Olowookere, 2013, ‘Study of the impact of Nigeria’s cement import restrictions’, Draft Final Report submitted to DFID, Abuja, Nigeria.
Rapu, S.C., Sanni, H.T. and Akpan, D.B., 2013, ‘Fiscal incentives in Nigeria: lessons of experience’, Central Bank of Nigeria Occasional Paper Series No. 47.
Saltz, I., Cantrell, P. and Horton, J., 2002, ‘Does the aggregate demand curve suffer from the fallacy of composition?’ The American Economist, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 61–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/056943450204600108. Shagari, S., 1979, Inaugural
Speech of President Shehu Shagari, in Obotetukudo, S. W. (2011) (Ed.) The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-Elected Presidents and Prime Minister, 1960-2010, Maryland: United Press of America.
Teriba, A., 2014, ‘Recent changes of guards at the Central Bank of Nigeria’, SSRN Electronic Journal. Available at: 10.2139/ssrn.2446591.
Thisday News, 2018, ‘MAN gives FG conditions to sign Continental Free Trade Agreement,’ 22 March 22.
Ubi, E.N. and Akinkuotu, O.O., 2014, ‘Nigerian foreign policy and economic development, 1999–2013’, International Area Studies Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 414–33.
UNECA, 2016, Transformative Industrial Policy for Africa, Addis Ababa: UNECA. UNECA, 2017, Review of Industrial Policies and Strategies in Africa, Addis Ababa:UNECA.
WTO, 2017, ‘Trade policy review: Nigeria’, World Trade Organization. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp456_e.htm. Accessed 8 February 2019.