3 - The Global Economic Crisis and the Africa Rising Narrative
Corresponding Author(s) : Devan Pillay
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 40 No 3 (2015): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur Transformer les relations internationales pour un monde juste
Résumé
Aussi séduisant que puisse être le récit sur l’émergence de l’Afrique, cet article soutient qu’il est trompeur. Il entraine les populations africaines dans la fausse voie d’une promesse – de « développement » et d’emplois « décents » pour tous – que le paradigme de la croissance économique actuelle ne peut jamais satisfaire. Une nouvelle réflexion radicale est nécessaire pour sortir du cycle de l’approfondissement de l’inégalité, de la dépossession et de la dévastation écologique. Le paradigme de la « modernisation » fondé sur la production et la consommation incessante ne peut que répondre aux besoins d’une enclave dans une mer de pauvreté, de pollution et de pillage. L’Afrique est considérée par les sociétés transnationales et leurs gouvernements comme le dernier lopin d’une terre vierge abandonnée à exploiter pour un rendement maximal. Cette recherche de nouvelles pistes d’accumulation doit être comprise dans le contexte des crises socio-économique et écologique mondiales étroitement liées, où le capital agit comme une propagation de virus. Il se développe mais détruit également; s’il est livré à lui-même, son pouvoir destructeur est incalculable. Cet article situe le récit sur l’émergence de l’Afrique et les défis en matière de croissance et de développement dans le contexte de la poly-crise mondiale. Il examine les dimensions économiques et écologiques de cette crise persistante, et pose la question de savoir si les perspectives d’avenir de l’Afrique résident dans la reproduction des modèles de développement industriel de l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord, qui conduisent à un enclavement du développement ou au choix d’une nouvelle voie de développement holistique qui évite les pièges de la dépossession, de l’injustice de l’environnement et la montée des inégalités sociales.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Altvater, A., 2006, ‘The Social and Natural Environment of Fossil Capitalism’, in Socialist Register 2007, New Delhi: Leftword Books.
- Amin, S., 2008, ‘Preface’, in A. Bieler, I. Lindberg and D. Pillay, eds, Labour and the Challenges of Globalisation: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity? London: Pluto.
- Angus, I., 2009, The Global Fight for Climate Justice:Anticapitalist Responses to Global Warming and Environmental Destruction, London: Resistance Books.
- Arrighi, G., 2007, Adam Smith in Beijing, London: Verso.
- Atwell, 2011, ‘Food versus fuel? State, business, civil society and the bio-fuels debate in South Africa’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Com[promises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Baran, P. & Sweezy, P., 1968, Monopoly Capitalism, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Bieler, A., Lindberg, I. & Pillay, D. eds, 2008, Labour and the Challenges of Globalisation: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity? London: Pluto.
- Brenner, R., 2009, ‘Overproduction not Financial Collapse is the Heart of the Crisis: the US, East Asia, and the World’, Interview with Jeong Seong-jin, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 6 May 2009.
- Bruno, K. & Karliner, J., 2004 Earthsummit.biz: The Corporate Takeover of Sustainable Development, Oakland: Food First Books.
- Bullard, N., 2009, ‘To Live Well’, in D. Ransom and V. Baird, eds, 2009, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
- Burkett, P., 2006, Marxism and Ecological Economics, Leiden: Brill.
- Clapp, J. & Dauvergne, P. 2011, Paths to a Green World, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
- Cock, J., 2007, The War Against Ourselves: Nature, Power and Justice, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Cock, J., 2013, ‘Ask for a camel when you expect a goat: Contentious politics and the climate justice movement’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 3: The Second Phase – Tragedy or Farce? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Cock, J., 2014, ‘The “Green Economy”: A just and sustainable path or a wolf in sheep’s clothing?’ Global Labour Journal, Vol 5 (1) January, pp. 21-44.
- Coleman, K., 2013, ‘The Economics of the NDP’, in Progressive Economics Network, eds, The National Development Plan: 7 Critical Appraisals, Cape Town AIDC.
- Dullien, S., Herr, H., and C. Kellerman, 2011, Decent Capitalism: A Blueprint for Reforming our Economies, London: Pluto Press.
- Fig D., 2010, ‘Reluctant Embrace: South Africa and renewable energy’, Paper delivered at the ‘Emerging economies in the New World Order: Promises, Pitfalls and Priorities’ Conference, New Delhi.
- Fig D. 2011, ‘Corrosion and externalities: The socio-economic impacts of acid mine drainage on the Witwatersrand’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Com[promises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Fine, B. & Rustomjee, Z., 1996, The Political Economy of South Africa: From Minerals-Energy Complex to Industrialisation, Boulder: Westview Press.
- Fioramonti, L., 2014, ‘Africa Rising? Think Again’, Perspectives, Issue 1, February (Heinrich Boll Stiftung).
- Frank, A. G., 1966, The Development of Underdevelopment, New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Foster, J. B., 1999, Marx’s Ecology, New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Foster, J. B., 2009, The Environmental Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Foster J. B. and F. Magdoff, 2009, The Great Financial Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Friedman, T., 2008, Hot, Flat and Crowded, London: Allan Lane.
- Giddens, A., 2009, The Politics of Climate Change, London: Polity,
- Gore, A., 2006, An Inconvenient Truth, New York: Rodale.
- Harvey, D., 2005, The New Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Harvey, D. 2014, Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism, Oxford University Press.
- Hallowes, D., 2011, Toxic Futures: South Africa in the Crises of Energy, Environment and Capital, Pietermaritzburg: UKZN Press.
- Kellog, P., 2012, ‘ALBA and UNASUR – The Emergence of Counter-hegemonic Regional Associations’.
- Kovel, J., 2002, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? London: Zed Books.
- Marx, K., 1894/1981, Capital Vol 3, New York: Penguin.
- Mielants, E. H., 2007, The Origins of Capitalism and the “Rise of the West”, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- Morales, E., 2009, ‘How to Save the World, Life and Humanity’, in D. Ransom and V. Baird, eds, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
- Numsa (National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa), 2012, ‘Building a Socially-Owned Renewable Energy Sector in SA’, Resolution of the NUMSA 9th National Congress, 4-8 June.
- One Million Climate Jobs Campaign, 2013, One Million Climate Job. A just transition to a low carbon economy to combat unemployment and climate change, Cape Town: One Million Climate Jobs.
- Oxfam, 2014, Working For the Few, Oxfam Briefing Paper, 20 January.
- Oxfam, 2015, ‘The cost of inequality: how wealth and income extremes hurt us all’, Oxfam Media Briefing, 18 January.
- Peet, R., 2009, The Unholy Trinity: The World Bank, IMF and WTO, London: Zed Books.
- Perry, A., 2010, Falling off the Edge: Globalization, World Peace and Other Lies. (2nd Edition), London: Pan Books.
- Piketty, T., 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Polany, K., 1944, The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press.
- Ransom, D., and Baird, V., eds, 2009, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
- Rothkopf, D., 2009, Superclass: How the Rich Ruined our World, London: Abacus.
- Rudin, J., 2013, ‘NDP: The deadly road from GEAR to climate change’, in Progressive Economics Network, eds, The National Development Plan: 7 Critical Appraisals. Cape Town AIDC.
- Sachs, W., ed., 2001, The Jo’burg-Memo: Memorandum for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg: Heinrich Böll Foundation.
- Satgar, V., 2014, South Africa’s Emergent ‘Green Developmental State’ in M. Williams ed., Rethinking the Developmental State, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Sen, A., 1999, Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sharife, K. and Bond, P., 2011, ‘Above and beyond South Africa’s minerals-energy complex’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Compromises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
- Shiva, V., 2008, Soil Not Oil, Boston: South End Press.
- Silver, B., 2004, Forces of Labour, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2014, Human Development Report 2014. Sustaining Human Progess: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. New York: UNDP.
- Wade, R., 1996/2007, ‘Japan, the World Bank and the Art of Paradigm Maintenance – the East Asian Miracle in Political Perspective’, in D. Moore, ed., The World Bank: Development, Poverty, Hegemony Scottsville: UKZN Press.
- Wallerstein, I. 1979, The Capitalist World-Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wanner, T., 2007, ‘The Bank’s “Greenspeak”: the Power of Knowledge and ”Sustain development”, in D. Moore, ed., The World Bank: Development, Poverty, Hegemony. Scottsville: UKZN Press.
Les références
Altvater, A., 2006, ‘The Social and Natural Environment of Fossil Capitalism’, in Socialist Register 2007, New Delhi: Leftword Books.
Amin, S., 2008, ‘Preface’, in A. Bieler, I. Lindberg and D. Pillay, eds, Labour and the Challenges of Globalisation: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity? London: Pluto.
Angus, I., 2009, The Global Fight for Climate Justice:Anticapitalist Responses to Global Warming and Environmental Destruction, London: Resistance Books.
Arrighi, G., 2007, Adam Smith in Beijing, London: Verso.
Atwell, 2011, ‘Food versus fuel? State, business, civil society and the bio-fuels debate in South Africa’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Com[promises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Baran, P. & Sweezy, P., 1968, Monopoly Capitalism, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Bieler, A., Lindberg, I. & Pillay, D. eds, 2008, Labour and the Challenges of Globalisation: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity? London: Pluto.
Brenner, R., 2009, ‘Overproduction not Financial Collapse is the Heart of the Crisis: the US, East Asia, and the World’, Interview with Jeong Seong-jin, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 6 May 2009.
Bruno, K. & Karliner, J., 2004 Earthsummit.biz: The Corporate Takeover of Sustainable Development, Oakland: Food First Books.
Bullard, N., 2009, ‘To Live Well’, in D. Ransom and V. Baird, eds, 2009, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
Burkett, P., 2006, Marxism and Ecological Economics, Leiden: Brill.
Clapp, J. & Dauvergne, P. 2011, Paths to a Green World, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Cock, J., 2007, The War Against Ourselves: Nature, Power and Justice, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Cock, J., 2013, ‘Ask for a camel when you expect a goat: Contentious politics and the climate justice movement’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 3: The Second Phase – Tragedy or Farce? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Cock, J., 2014, ‘The “Green Economy”: A just and sustainable path or a wolf in sheep’s clothing?’ Global Labour Journal, Vol 5 (1) January, pp. 21-44.
Coleman, K., 2013, ‘The Economics of the NDP’, in Progressive Economics Network, eds, The National Development Plan: 7 Critical Appraisals, Cape Town AIDC.
Dullien, S., Herr, H., and C. Kellerman, 2011, Decent Capitalism: A Blueprint for Reforming our Economies, London: Pluto Press.
Fig D., 2010, ‘Reluctant Embrace: South Africa and renewable energy’, Paper delivered at the ‘Emerging economies in the New World Order: Promises, Pitfalls and Priorities’ Conference, New Delhi.
Fig D. 2011, ‘Corrosion and externalities: The socio-economic impacts of acid mine drainage on the Witwatersrand’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Com[promises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Fine, B. & Rustomjee, Z., 1996, The Political Economy of South Africa: From Minerals-Energy Complex to Industrialisation, Boulder: Westview Press.
Fioramonti, L., 2014, ‘Africa Rising? Think Again’, Perspectives, Issue 1, February (Heinrich Boll Stiftung).
Frank, A. G., 1966, The Development of Underdevelopment, New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster, J. B., 1999, Marx’s Ecology, New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster, J. B., 2009, The Environmental Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster J. B. and F. Magdoff, 2009, The Great Financial Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press.
Friedman, T., 2008, Hot, Flat and Crowded, London: Allan Lane.
Giddens, A., 2009, The Politics of Climate Change, London: Polity,
Gore, A., 2006, An Inconvenient Truth, New York: Rodale.
Harvey, D., 2005, The New Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, D. 2014, Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism, Oxford University Press.
Hallowes, D., 2011, Toxic Futures: South Africa in the Crises of Energy, Environment and Capital, Pietermaritzburg: UKZN Press.
Kellog, P., 2012, ‘ALBA and UNASUR – The Emergence of Counter-hegemonic Regional Associations’.
Kovel, J., 2002, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? London: Zed Books.
Marx, K., 1894/1981, Capital Vol 3, New York: Penguin.
Mielants, E. H., 2007, The Origins of Capitalism and the “Rise of the West”, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Morales, E., 2009, ‘How to Save the World, Life and Humanity’, in D. Ransom and V. Baird, eds, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
Numsa (National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa), 2012, ‘Building a Socially-Owned Renewable Energy Sector in SA’, Resolution of the NUMSA 9th National Congress, 4-8 June.
One Million Climate Jobs Campaign, 2013, One Million Climate Job. A just transition to a low carbon economy to combat unemployment and climate change, Cape Town: One Million Climate Jobs.
Oxfam, 2014, Working For the Few, Oxfam Briefing Paper, 20 January.
Oxfam, 2015, ‘The cost of inequality: how wealth and income extremes hurt us all’, Oxfam Media Briefing, 18 January.
Peet, R., 2009, The Unholy Trinity: The World Bank, IMF and WTO, London: Zed Books.
Perry, A., 2010, Falling off the Edge: Globalization, World Peace and Other Lies. (2nd Edition), London: Pan Books.
Piketty, T., 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Polany, K., 1944, The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press.
Ransom, D., and Baird, V., eds, 2009, People First Economics, Oxford: New Internationalist Publications.
Rothkopf, D., 2009, Superclass: How the Rich Ruined our World, London: Abacus.
Rudin, J., 2013, ‘NDP: The deadly road from GEAR to climate change’, in Progressive Economics Network, eds, The National Development Plan: 7 Critical Appraisals. Cape Town AIDC.
Sachs, W., ed., 2001, The Jo’burg-Memo: Memorandum for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg: Heinrich Böll Foundation.
Satgar, V., 2014, South Africa’s Emergent ‘Green Developmental State’ in M. Williams ed., Rethinking the Developmental State, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Sen, A., 1999, Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sharife, K. and Bond, P., 2011, ‘Above and beyond South Africa’s minerals-energy complex’, in J. Daniel, P. Naidoo, D. Pillay and R. Southall, eds, New South African Review 2: New Paths, Old Compromises? Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Shiva, V., 2008, Soil Not Oil, Boston: South End Press.
Silver, B., 2004, Forces of Labour, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2014, Human Development Report 2014. Sustaining Human Progess: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. New York: UNDP.
Wade, R., 1996/2007, ‘Japan, the World Bank and the Art of Paradigm Maintenance – the East Asian Miracle in Political Perspective’, in D. Moore, ed., The World Bank: Development, Poverty, Hegemony Scottsville: UKZN Press.
Wallerstein, I. 1979, The Capitalist World-Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wanner, T., 2007, ‘The Bank’s “Greenspeak”: the Power of Knowledge and ”Sustain development”, in D. Moore, ed., The World Bank: Development, Poverty, Hegemony. Scottsville: UKZN Press.