2 - Media Imperialism Reconsidered – Again: Local, Western and Indian Media Use in Uganda
Corresponding Author(s) : Hemant Shah
Revue africaine des médias,
Vol. 16 No 1 (2008): Revue africaine des médias, Volume 16, n° 1, 2008
Résumé
La présente étude porte sur l’utilisation des média locaux occidentaux et indiens
parmi les étudiants ougandais afin de repenser la thèse de l’impérialisme médiatique
dans un contexte mondial caractérisé par un flux de plus en plus complexe de
media et de cultures. Nous avons enquêté un échantillon pratique de 153 étudiants
de Makerere University en 2003 afin de déterminer, entre autres leurs modes
d’utilisation des média, leur perception des menaces culturelles provenant des
média étrangers et les raisons de leur attachement ou détachement des média
locaux et étrangers. Nous avons fait usage d’une combinaison de questions
ouvertes et de questions fermées. A l’instar des précédentes études, les personnes
interrogées ont affirmé leur préférence des média locaux par rapport aux média
étrangers. Toutefois, en ce qui concerne spécifiquement les média étrangers, notre
population de recherche préfère les média occidentaux aux indiens tout en
reconnaissant que les média occidentaux constituent une plus grave menace
culturelle pour l’Ouganda que leurs homologues indiens. Quoi qu’il en soit, les
personnes interrogées se sont montrées, dans une certaine mesure, culturellement
et politiquement proches des films indiens, en dépit de la barrière linguistique.
Conformément aux précédente études, une fois de plus, il nous a été donné de
constater que les personnes interrogées faisaient preuve d’un usage actif plutôt
que passif des media concernés. Cette population s’est montrée particulièrement
active quant à l’expression des reproches qu’elle fait aux média. En plus, elle s’est
montrée particulièrement préoccupée par la domination culturelle intra-nationale
exercée par la communauté linguistique majoritaire du pays. Les résultats de ce
travail recommandent une autre reconsidération de la thèse de l’impérialisme
médiatique afin d’intégrer non seulement les complexités découlant des échanges
médiatiques Sud-Sud, mais également les préoccupations intra-nationales
concernant la domination et la subordination culturelles.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Abidi, S., 1996, ‘The Return of Asians to Uganda’, African Quarterly, 36(1), pp.45-58.
- Adams, B. & Bristow, M., 1978, ‘The Politico-Economic Position of Ugandan
- Asians in the Colonial and Independence Eras’, Journal of Asian and African
- Studies, 13(3-4), pp. 151-166.
- Adams, D. & Bristow, M., 1979, ‘Ugandan Asian Expulsion Experiences: Rumour
- and Reality’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 14(3-4), pp. 191-203.
- Anatola, L. & Rogers, E., 1984, ‘Television Flows in Latin America’, Communication
- Research, 11(2), pp. 183-202.
- Appadurai, A., 1996, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization,
- Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Boyd-Barrett, O., 1977, ‘Media Imperialism: Towards an International Framework
- for the Analysis of Media Systems’, in J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, & J. Woollacott
- (eds.), Mass Communication and Society, London: Open University Press,
- pp.116-135.
- Boyd-Barrett, O., 1998, ‘Media Imperialism Reformulated’, in D. K. Thussu
- (ed.), Electronic Empires: Global Media, Local Resistance, London: Arnold,
- pp.157-176.
- Cunningham, S. & Sinclair, J., 2001, Floating Lives: The Media and Asian
- Diasporas, Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
- Curran, J.; Gurevitch, M. & Woollacott, J., 1977, ‘Introduction’, in J. Curran, M.
- Gurevitch & J. Woollacott (eds.), Mass Communication and Society, London:
- Open University Press, pp.9-11.
- Curran, J. & Park, M-J., 2000, De-Westernizing Media Studies, London: Routledge.
- Curtin, M., 2003, ‘Media Capital: Towards the Study of Spatial Flows’, International
- Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(2), pp. 202-228.
- Dorfman, A. & Mattelart, A., 1975, How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology
- in the Disney Comic, New York: International General Editions.
- Gillespie, M., 1995, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, London: Routledge.
- Gutierrez, F. & Schement, J., 1984, ‘The Flow of Television from Mexico to the
- United States’, Communication Research, 11(2), pp. 241-258.
- Herman, E. & McChesney, R., 1997, The Global Media: The New Missionaries of
- Corporate Capitalism, London: Castil.
- Husband, C., 1994, A Richer Vision: The Development of Ethnic Minority Media
- in Western Democracies, Paris: UNESCO.
- Larkin, B., 1997, ‘Indian Films and Nigerian Lovers: Media and the Creation of Lee, C-C., 1979, Media Imperialism Reconsidered: The Homogenizing of Television
- Culture, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Liebes, T. & Katz, E., 1990, The Export of Meaning: Cross-cultural Readings of
- ‘Dallas’, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mutibwa, P., 1992, Uganda Since Independence, Trenton, NJ: Africa Press.
- Naficy, H., 1999, Home, Exile, Homeland, New York: Routledge.
- Nordenstreng, K. & Varis, T., 1974, Television Traffic – A One-Way Street? Reports
- and Papers on Mass Communication, no. 70, Paris: UNESCO.
- Ochieng, R. O., 2000, Liberalization of the Media in Uganda: Who Benefits?
- Paper presented at the Panos Institute, Kampala, October.
- Ogan, C., 2001, Communication and Identity in the Diaspora: Turkish Migrants
- in Amsterdam and their Use of Media, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
- Ogundimu, F. F., 1996, Private-enterprise Broadcasting and Accelerating Dependency:
- Case Studies from Nigeria and Uganda, Gazette 58(3), pp. 159-172.
- Oliveira, O., 1993, Brazilian Soaps Outshine Hollywood: Is Cultural Imperialism
- Fading Out?, in K. Nordenstreng & H. I. Schiller (eds.), Beyond Sovereignty
- and International Communication, Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 116-131.
- Riggins, H. R., 1992, Ethnic Minority Media: An International Perspective,
- Newbuty Park, CA: Sage.
- Schiller, H. I., 1976, Communication and Cultural Domination, New York: M.E.
- Sharpe.
- Schiller, H. I., 1979, ‘Transnational Media and National Development’, in K.
- Nordenstreng & H. I. Schiller (eds.), National Sovereignty and International
- Communication, Norwood, N.J: Ablex, pp. 21-32.
- Straubhaar, J., 2003, ‘Choosing National TV: Cultural Capital, Language, and Cultural
- Proximity in Brazil’, in M.G. Elasmar (ed.), The Impact of International
- Television: A Paradigm Shift, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 77-110.
- Thussu, D., 2000, International Communication: Continuity and Change, London:
- Arnold.
- Tomlinson, J., 1991, Cultural Imperialism, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University
- Press.
- Tracey, M., 1985, ‘The Poisoned Chalice? International Television and the Idea of
- Dominance’, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
- USA, 114, pp. 17-56.
- Tripp, A. M., 2004, ‘The Changing Face of Authoritarianism in Africa: The Case of
- Uganda’, Africa Today, 50(3), pp. 2-26.
- Tukahebwa, G., 1998, ‘Privatization as a Development Strategy’, in H. B. Hansen &
- M. Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, Kampala: Fountain, pp. 59-97.
- Tunstall, J., 1977, The Media are American, New York: Columbia University Press.
- Wasko, J., Phillips; M. & Meehan, E., 2001, Dazzled By Disney: The Global Disney
- Audiences Project, London: Leicester University Press.
Les références
Abidi, S., 1996, ‘The Return of Asians to Uganda’, African Quarterly, 36(1), pp.45-58.
Adams, B. & Bristow, M., 1978, ‘The Politico-Economic Position of Ugandan
Asians in the Colonial and Independence Eras’, Journal of Asian and African
Studies, 13(3-4), pp. 151-166.
Adams, D. & Bristow, M., 1979, ‘Ugandan Asian Expulsion Experiences: Rumour
and Reality’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 14(3-4), pp. 191-203.
Anatola, L. & Rogers, E., 1984, ‘Television Flows in Latin America’, Communication
Research, 11(2), pp. 183-202.
Appadurai, A., 1996, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization,
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Boyd-Barrett, O., 1977, ‘Media Imperialism: Towards an International Framework
for the Analysis of Media Systems’, in J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, & J. Woollacott
(eds.), Mass Communication and Society, London: Open University Press,
pp.116-135.
Boyd-Barrett, O., 1998, ‘Media Imperialism Reformulated’, in D. K. Thussu
(ed.), Electronic Empires: Global Media, Local Resistance, London: Arnold,
pp.157-176.
Cunningham, S. & Sinclair, J., 2001, Floating Lives: The Media and Asian
Diasporas, Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
Curran, J.; Gurevitch, M. & Woollacott, J., 1977, ‘Introduction’, in J. Curran, M.
Gurevitch & J. Woollacott (eds.), Mass Communication and Society, London:
Open University Press, pp.9-11.
Curran, J. & Park, M-J., 2000, De-Westernizing Media Studies, London: Routledge.
Curtin, M., 2003, ‘Media Capital: Towards the Study of Spatial Flows’, International
Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(2), pp. 202-228.
Dorfman, A. & Mattelart, A., 1975, How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology
in the Disney Comic, New York: International General Editions.
Gillespie, M., 1995, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, London: Routledge.
Gutierrez, F. & Schement, J., 1984, ‘The Flow of Television from Mexico to the
United States’, Communication Research, 11(2), pp. 241-258.
Herman, E. & McChesney, R., 1997, The Global Media: The New Missionaries of
Corporate Capitalism, London: Castil.
Husband, C., 1994, A Richer Vision: The Development of Ethnic Minority Media
in Western Democracies, Paris: UNESCO.
Larkin, B., 1997, ‘Indian Films and Nigerian Lovers: Media and the Creation of Lee, C-C., 1979, Media Imperialism Reconsidered: The Homogenizing of Television
Culture, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Liebes, T. & Katz, E., 1990, The Export of Meaning: Cross-cultural Readings of
‘Dallas’, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mutibwa, P., 1992, Uganda Since Independence, Trenton, NJ: Africa Press.
Naficy, H., 1999, Home, Exile, Homeland, New York: Routledge.
Nordenstreng, K. & Varis, T., 1974, Television Traffic – A One-Way Street? Reports
and Papers on Mass Communication, no. 70, Paris: UNESCO.
Ochieng, R. O., 2000, Liberalization of the Media in Uganda: Who Benefits?
Paper presented at the Panos Institute, Kampala, October.
Ogan, C., 2001, Communication and Identity in the Diaspora: Turkish Migrants
in Amsterdam and their Use of Media, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Ogundimu, F. F., 1996, Private-enterprise Broadcasting and Accelerating Dependency:
Case Studies from Nigeria and Uganda, Gazette 58(3), pp. 159-172.
Oliveira, O., 1993, Brazilian Soaps Outshine Hollywood: Is Cultural Imperialism
Fading Out?, in K. Nordenstreng & H. I. Schiller (eds.), Beyond Sovereignty
and International Communication, Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 116-131.
Riggins, H. R., 1992, Ethnic Minority Media: An International Perspective,
Newbuty Park, CA: Sage.
Schiller, H. I., 1976, Communication and Cultural Domination, New York: M.E.
Sharpe.
Schiller, H. I., 1979, ‘Transnational Media and National Development’, in K.
Nordenstreng & H. I. Schiller (eds.), National Sovereignty and International
Communication, Norwood, N.J: Ablex, pp. 21-32.
Straubhaar, J., 2003, ‘Choosing National TV: Cultural Capital, Language, and Cultural
Proximity in Brazil’, in M.G. Elasmar (ed.), The Impact of International
Television: A Paradigm Shift, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 77-110.
Thussu, D., 2000, International Communication: Continuity and Change, London:
Arnold.
Tomlinson, J., 1991, Cultural Imperialism, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University
Press.
Tracey, M., 1985, ‘The Poisoned Chalice? International Television and the Idea of
Dominance’, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
USA, 114, pp. 17-56.
Tripp, A. M., 2004, ‘The Changing Face of Authoritarianism in Africa: The Case of
Uganda’, Africa Today, 50(3), pp. 2-26.
Tukahebwa, G., 1998, ‘Privatization as a Development Strategy’, in H. B. Hansen &
M. Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, Kampala: Fountain, pp. 59-97.
Tunstall, J., 1977, The Media are American, New York: Columbia University Press.
Wasko, J., Phillips; M. & Meehan, E., 2001, Dazzled By Disney: The Global Disney
Audiences Project, London: Leicester University Press.