11 - Generational Variations in Purpose of Childbearing among Ever-Married Women and Implications for Contraceptive Behaviour in Idanre Town Ondo State
Corresponding Author(s) : Onipede Wusu
African Sociological Review,
Vol. 24 No. 2 (2020): African Sociological Review
Abstract
Demographic literature is abundant on the factors accountable for rapid population growth in Nigeria. However, knowledge about the likely implicit changes in the demographic imaginations of women in Nigeria is scanty. Hence, this study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the generational variations in the purpose of childbearing and implications for contraception among ever-married women within the social exchange framework in Idanre Town. The objective was to examine the implicit changes taking place in the demographic imagination of rural women by comparing three generations of women. The research team conducted 25 in-depth interviews (IDI) among purposively sampled ever-married women in April 2019. The data were content analysed. The analysis suggests that the purpose of childbearing varied across the three generations. The younger generation was less likely to indicate the desire to depend on children for their future survival compared to the middle and older generations. As a result, younger generation women would embrace contraceptives more than the other generations. Therefore, the exploration undertaken here suggests that the demographic imagination of the younger generation of women in the Town was undergoing implicit and noticeable changes that may continue to promote modern contraception in the population. Policies to facilitate female education and employment must continue to be the focus of policymakers in order to drive sustainable elevation of modern reproductive behaviour in Nigeria, especially in rural areas.
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- Adebowale, A. S. & Palamuleni, M. (2014). Childbearing dynamics among married women of reproductive age in Nigeria: reaffirming the role of education. African Population Studies, 27 (7): 301-318.
- Adebowale, A. S. (2019). Ethnic disparities, infertility and its determinants in Nigeria.Fertility Research and Practice. 5(3): 1-18
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry. https://doi. org/10.1111/j:1475-682x.1964.tb00583
- Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M.S. (2005) Social Exchange Theory, An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31, 874 – 900. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0149206305279602
- Gergen, K. J. (1969). The psychology of behaviour exchange. Reading, M. A.: Addison- Wesley Publication (S).
- Gouldner, Alvin, W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary article. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
- Makinde, T. (2004). Motherhood as a source of empowerment of women in Yoruba culture. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 13(2):
- -174.
- Mitchell, M. S., Cropanzano, R. S, Quisenberry, D. M. (2012). Social Exchange Theory, Exchange Resources, and Interpersonal
- Relationships: A Modest Resolution of Theoretical Difficulties. In Törnblom, K. & Kazemi, A. (Eds.) Handbook of Social Resource Theory: Theoretical Extensions, Empirical Insights, and Social Applications. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 99-118.
- Muanda, M. F., Ndongo, G. P., Messina, L. J. Bertrand, J. T. (2017). Barriers to modern contraceptive use in rural areas in DRC. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 19 (9), 1011-1023, 2017.
- National Population Commission [Nigeria] & ICF Macro. (2019). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018, Key Indicators Report, Abuja. Nigeria: National Population Commission and ICF Macro.
- National Research Council. (2001). Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition: Selected Perspectives. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https:// doi.org/10.17226/10228.
- Otolorin, E. (2019). Family planning 2020 goal: Whither Nigeria? Ibadan: Academy for Health Development (AHEAD).
- Population Reference Bureau. (2019). World population datasheet. Washington, DC.: Population Reference Bureau.
- Thibaut, J. W. & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: John ey & Sons.
- Wusu, O. & Adedokun, O. (2017). Gender revolution prospects in Nigeria: implications for marriage timing and fertility. African Sociological Review, 21(2): 58 – 80.
- Wusu, O. & Adedokun, O. (2018). Young women emerging preferences: exploring what it holds for family reconstruction in southwestern Nigeria. Gender & Behaviour, 16(3): 12021 – 12034.
- Wusu, O. & Amoo, O. E. (2016). Fertility behaviour and wealth situation in Nigeria: Evidence from 2013 Demographic and Health Survey. Social Indicators Research,128(1): 1-14. DOI 10.1007/s11205-015-1016-4.
- Wusu, O. & Isiugo-Abanihe, C. U. (2006). Interconnections among changing family structure, childrearing and fertility behaviour among the Ogu, south-western Nigeria. Demographic Research, 14: 139-156.
- Wusu, O. (2012). A re-assessment of the effects of women education and labour force participation on fertility in Nigeria. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 10: 31-48.
- Wusu, O. (2016). Migration, urbanisation and challenges of urban slum in Nigeria. In J. L. Oyefara (ed.): Migration and Urbanisation in contemporary Nigeria: policy issues and challenges. Lagos: University of Lagos Press, 175-200.
- Zeng, Y. & Hesketh, T. (2016). The effects of China’s universal two-child policy. The 88(10054): 1930-1938.
References
Adebowale, A. S. & Palamuleni, M. (2014). Childbearing dynamics among married women of reproductive age in Nigeria: reaffirming the role of education. African Population Studies, 27 (7): 301-318.
Adebowale, A. S. (2019). Ethnic disparities, infertility and its determinants in Nigeria.Fertility Research and Practice. 5(3): 1-18
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry. https://doi. org/10.1111/j:1475-682x.1964.tb00583
Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M.S. (2005) Social Exchange Theory, An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31, 874 – 900. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Gergen, K. J. (1969). The psychology of behaviour exchange. Reading, M. A.: Addison- Wesley Publication (S).
Gouldner, Alvin, W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary article. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
Makinde, T. (2004). Motherhood as a source of empowerment of women in Yoruba culture. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 13(2):
-174.
Mitchell, M. S., Cropanzano, R. S, Quisenberry, D. M. (2012). Social Exchange Theory, Exchange Resources, and Interpersonal
Relationships: A Modest Resolution of Theoretical Difficulties. In Törnblom, K. & Kazemi, A. (Eds.) Handbook of Social Resource Theory: Theoretical Extensions, Empirical Insights, and Social Applications. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 99-118.
Muanda, M. F., Ndongo, G. P., Messina, L. J. Bertrand, J. T. (2017). Barriers to modern contraceptive use in rural areas in DRC. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 19 (9), 1011-1023, 2017.
National Population Commission [Nigeria] & ICF Macro. (2019). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018, Key Indicators Report, Abuja. Nigeria: National Population Commission and ICF Macro.
National Research Council. (2001). Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition: Selected Perspectives. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https:// doi.org/10.17226/10228.
Otolorin, E. (2019). Family planning 2020 goal: Whither Nigeria? Ibadan: Academy for Health Development (AHEAD).
Population Reference Bureau. (2019). World population datasheet. Washington, DC.: Population Reference Bureau.
Thibaut, J. W. & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: John ey & Sons.
Wusu, O. & Adedokun, O. (2017). Gender revolution prospects in Nigeria: implications for marriage timing and fertility. African Sociological Review, 21(2): 58 – 80.
Wusu, O. & Adedokun, O. (2018). Young women emerging preferences: exploring what it holds for family reconstruction in southwestern Nigeria. Gender & Behaviour, 16(3): 12021 – 12034.
Wusu, O. & Amoo, O. E. (2016). Fertility behaviour and wealth situation in Nigeria: Evidence from 2013 Demographic and Health Survey. Social Indicators Research,128(1): 1-14. DOI 10.1007/s11205-015-1016-4.
Wusu, O. & Isiugo-Abanihe, C. U. (2006). Interconnections among changing family structure, childrearing and fertility behaviour among the Ogu, south-western Nigeria. Demographic Research, 14: 139-156.
Wusu, O. (2012). A re-assessment of the effects of women education and labour force participation on fertility in Nigeria. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 10: 31-48.
Wusu, O. (2016). Migration, urbanisation and challenges of urban slum in Nigeria. In J. L. Oyefara (ed.): Migration and Urbanisation in contemporary Nigeria: policy issues and challenges. Lagos: University of Lagos Press, 175-200.
Zeng, Y. & Hesketh, T. (2016). The effects of China’s universal two-child policy. The 88(10054): 1930-1938.