1 - Income Distribution and Inequality: gender, labour market status and macro-economic policy
Revue africaine de sociologie,
Vol. 4 No 1 (2000): Revue Africaine de Sociologie
Résumé
Cet article examine les impacts du sexe et de la situation sur le marché du travail sur la distribution et l'inégalité des revenus. Ceci dans le contexte des instruments de politique macroéconomique déployés depuis 1982 au Nigéria. L'étude est basée sur les données d'une enquête par sondage auprès de 473 ménages (avec 2 412 membres) issus des zones urbaines, semi-urbaines et rurales du sud-ouest du Nigeria. L'étude montre une relation complexe entre les variables clés. La relation entre le sexe et la répartition par taille du revenu personnel ou par habitant du ménage est statistiquement signifi cative. Cependant, parmi les chefs de ménage, la relation n'est pas significative. L'inégalité des revenus est plus prononcée parmi les ménages dirigés par une femme. La situation sur le marché du travail donne également une image complexe. La relation entre la situation sur le marché du travail et la répartition des revenus selon la taille (revenu personnel et revenu par habitant) est significative. Les ménages dont le chef est salarié sont moins bien lotis que ceux dont le chef est indépendant. Lorsque le sexe est chargé, la situation sur le marché du travail reste statistiquement significative pour la distribution des revenus selon la taille. L'inégalité des revenus s'est aggravée sous l'ajustement; mais à un rythme beaucoup plus profond que ne le suggèrent certaines autres études. Les inégalités urbaines sont plus profondes qu'on ne le reconnaît généralement, et les salariés sont particulièrement touchés, tandis que les propriétaires du capital ont assez bien fait. Enfin, si la vulnérabilité des femmes à bas salaire s'est accrue, l' inégalité des revenus est autant fonction de la classe sociale que du sexe.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Aboyade, 0., 1973, Incomes Profile: an Inaugural Lecture, (Thursday, 3 May) lbadan University Press, Ibadan.
- Aboyade 0., 1983, Integrated Economics: a study of developing economies, Addi son-Wesley Publishers, London.
- Adelman, Irma and Sherman Robinson, 1989, 'Income Distribution and Develop ment', in H. Chenery and T.N.Srinivasan (eds.).
- Adesina, J., 1991, 'Critique and Anti-critique in the "Governance in Africa" Debate', Codesria Bulletin, No.3.
- Adesina, J., 1992, Labour movements and policy-making in Africa, Codesria Working Paper No. l, Dakar.
- Adesina, J., 1994a, Labour in the explanation of an African Crisis. Codesria Book Se ries, London.
- Adesina, J., 1994b, 'Unions, Workers and the Development Process: controversy, di lemma and new openings' in Himmelstrand U., et al. (eds.), African Perspectives on Development. St. Martin's
- Press, New York.
- Adesina, J. (with Wale 0gunkola and Bayo Aromolaran), 1996, Poverty and Labour Market Status: a case study of South-western Nigeria. Research Report. Ibadan: NISER/SSCN/IDRC.
- Adesina, J., 1997, 'Structural Adjustment and the Transformation of Labour Identities: what's new and does it matter?' in M.A. Jega (ed.), The Transformation of Popular Identities under Acijustment, NAI, Uppsala (forthcoming).
- Aigbokhan, Ben E., 1997, 'Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: some macroeconomic is sues,' in NES, Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: selected papers for the 1997 Annual Conference, NES, Ibadan.
- Anyanwu, J.C., 1997, 'Poverty in Nigeria: concepts, measurements and determinants' in NES, 1997.
- Babinec, T. and Mehta, C., 1995, 'Exploring exact statistics', Keywords Number 58. Baran, Paul, 1957, The Political Economy of Growth, Monthly Review Press, New York.
- Bardham, Pranad, 1995, 'Research on Poverty and Development Twenty Years after Redistribution with Growth', in Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.).
- Bates, Robert, 1981, Markets and States in Tropical Africa, University of California Press, Berkeley.
- Bienefeld, M.A., 1986, 'Analysing the Politics of African State Policy: Some Thoughts on Robert Bates' Work', JDS Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. I.
- Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.) Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1995, World Bank, Washington DC.
- Chenery H. and T.N. Srinivasan (eds.) 1989, Handbook of Development Economics, Volume II, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV.
- Chenery, Hollis; Montek S. Ahuwalia; Clive Bell; John H. Duloy, and Richard Jolly, 1974, Redistribution with Growth, Oxford University Press, New York.
- Corbridge, S., 1982,'Urban Bias, Rural Bias, and Industrialisation' in J. Hariss (ed.). Denzer, LaRay, 1998, The Iyalode in Ibadan Politics and Society, c.1850-1997, African Humanities Monographs No.7, Humanities Research Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Ekpo, Akpan H., 1995, 'Introduction', in NES 1996.
- Elson, Diane, 1994, 'People, Development and International Financial Institutions: an Interpretation of the Bretton Woods System', Review of African Political Econ omy, No. 62.
- Federal Office of Statistics, 1996, The Nigerian Household: 1995. FOS, Lagos. Fishlow, Albert, 1995, 'Inequality, Poverty and Growth: where do we stand?' in Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.).
- Garba, Abdul-Ganiyu, 1996, 'What can we learn from Nigeria's Experience with the World Bank's Adjustment with Growth Programme', in NES 1996.
- Gamer, T.I., 1993, 'Consumer Expenditures and Inequality: an analysis based on de composition of the Gini Coefficient', The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LXXV, No. l (Feb.).
- Gaudier, Maryse, Pauvretes, inegalites, exclusions: renouveau des approacjes theoriques et des pratiques sociales (Poverty, inequality and exclusion: new ap proaches to theory and practice), Institut International d' etudes sociales, Geneve.
- Hariss, J., (ed.), 1982, Rural Development: Theories of Peasant Economy and Agrar ian Change, Hutchinson, London.
- Horton, Susan; Ravi Kanbur and Dipak Mazumdar, (eds.), Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment Volume 1: Issues Papers, EDI, World Bank, Washington DC.
- Hutcheson, Thomas L., 1996, 'Beyond Structural Adjustment: privatization options for the twenty-first century' in NES 1996.
- ILO, 1982, Rural-Urban Gap and Income Distribution: the case of Nigeria, Addis Ababa: JASPA.
- Jamal, Vali, 1995, 'Changing poverty and employment patterns under crisis in Africa', in Gerry Rodgers & R. van der Hoeven (eds.), New approaches to poverty analysis and policy Vol.III, ILO, Geneva.
- Jamal, Vali and John Weeks, 1988, 'The Vanishing Rural-Urban Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa,' International Labour Review, Vol.127, No.3.
- Kakwani, N, 1995, 'Measuring Poverty: definitions and significance of tests with ap plication to Cote d'Ivoire' in Lipton, M. and van Der Gaag, J. (eds.).
- Krugman, Paul, 1992, 'Toward a Counter-Counterrevolution in Development The ory', World Bank, Proceedings....Kuznets, S., 1955, 'Economic Growth and Income Inequality', American Economic Review 65.
Les références
Aboyade, 0., 1973, Incomes Profile: an Inaugural Lecture, (Thursday, 3 May) lbadan University Press, Ibadan.
Aboyade 0., 1983, Integrated Economics: a study of developing economies, Addi son-Wesley Publishers, London.
Adelman, Irma and Sherman Robinson, 1989, 'Income Distribution and Develop ment', in H. Chenery and T.N.Srinivasan (eds.).
Adesina, J., 1991, 'Critique and Anti-critique in the "Governance in Africa" Debate', Codesria Bulletin, No.3.
Adesina, J., 1992, Labour movements and policy-making in Africa, Codesria Working Paper No. l, Dakar.
Adesina, J., 1994a, Labour in the explanation of an African Crisis. Codesria Book Se ries, London.
Adesina, J., 1994b, 'Unions, Workers and the Development Process: controversy, di lemma and new openings' in Himmelstrand U., et al. (eds.), African Perspectives on Development. St. Martin's
Press, New York.
Adesina, J. (with Wale 0gunkola and Bayo Aromolaran), 1996, Poverty and Labour Market Status: a case study of South-western Nigeria. Research Report. Ibadan: NISER/SSCN/IDRC.
Adesina, J., 1997, 'Structural Adjustment and the Transformation of Labour Identities: what's new and does it matter?' in M.A. Jega (ed.), The Transformation of Popular Identities under Acijustment, NAI, Uppsala (forthcoming).
Aigbokhan, Ben E., 1997, 'Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: some macroeconomic is sues,' in NES, Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: selected papers for the 1997 Annual Conference, NES, Ibadan.
Anyanwu, J.C., 1997, 'Poverty in Nigeria: concepts, measurements and determinants' in NES, 1997.
Babinec, T. and Mehta, C., 1995, 'Exploring exact statistics', Keywords Number 58. Baran, Paul, 1957, The Political Economy of Growth, Monthly Review Press, New York.
Bardham, Pranad, 1995, 'Research on Poverty and Development Twenty Years after Redistribution with Growth', in Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.).
Bates, Robert, 1981, Markets and States in Tropical Africa, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Bienefeld, M.A., 1986, 'Analysing the Politics of African State Policy: Some Thoughts on Robert Bates' Work', JDS Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. I.
Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.) Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1995, World Bank, Washington DC.
Chenery H. and T.N. Srinivasan (eds.) 1989, Handbook of Development Economics, Volume II, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV.
Chenery, Hollis; Montek S. Ahuwalia; Clive Bell; John H. Duloy, and Richard Jolly, 1974, Redistribution with Growth, Oxford University Press, New York.
Corbridge, S., 1982,'Urban Bias, Rural Bias, and Industrialisation' in J. Hariss (ed.). Denzer, LaRay, 1998, The Iyalode in Ibadan Politics and Society, c.1850-1997, African Humanities Monographs No.7, Humanities Research Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ekpo, Akpan H., 1995, 'Introduction', in NES 1996.
Elson, Diane, 1994, 'People, Development and International Financial Institutions: an Interpretation of the Bretton Woods System', Review of African Political Econ omy, No. 62.
Federal Office of Statistics, 1996, The Nigerian Household: 1995. FOS, Lagos. Fishlow, Albert, 1995, 'Inequality, Poverty and Growth: where do we stand?' in Bruno, M. and Pleskovic, B. (eds.).
Garba, Abdul-Ganiyu, 1996, 'What can we learn from Nigeria's Experience with the World Bank's Adjustment with Growth Programme', in NES 1996.
Gamer, T.I., 1993, 'Consumer Expenditures and Inequality: an analysis based on de composition of the Gini Coefficient', The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LXXV, No. l (Feb.).
Gaudier, Maryse, Pauvretes, inegalites, exclusions: renouveau des approacjes theoriques et des pratiques sociales (Poverty, inequality and exclusion: new ap proaches to theory and practice), Institut International d' etudes sociales, Geneve.
Hariss, J., (ed.), 1982, Rural Development: Theories of Peasant Economy and Agrar ian Change, Hutchinson, London.
Horton, Susan; Ravi Kanbur and Dipak Mazumdar, (eds.), Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment Volume 1: Issues Papers, EDI, World Bank, Washington DC.
Hutcheson, Thomas L., 1996, 'Beyond Structural Adjustment: privatization options for the twenty-first century' in NES 1996.
ILO, 1982, Rural-Urban Gap and Income Distribution: the case of Nigeria, Addis Ababa: JASPA.
Jamal, Vali, 1995, 'Changing poverty and employment patterns under crisis in Africa', in Gerry Rodgers & R. van der Hoeven (eds.), New approaches to poverty analysis and policy Vol.III, ILO, Geneva.
Jamal, Vali and John Weeks, 1988, 'The Vanishing Rural-Urban Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa,' International Labour Review, Vol.127, No.3.
Kakwani, N, 1995, 'Measuring Poverty: definitions and significance of tests with ap plication to Cote d'Ivoire' in Lipton, M. and van Der Gaag, J. (eds.).
Krugman, Paul, 1992, 'Toward a Counter-Counterrevolution in Development The ory', World Bank, Proceedings....Kuznets, S., 1955, 'Economic Growth and Income Inequality', American Economic Review 65.