3 - Les collaborations université-industrie en Afrique*
Journal of Higher Education in Africa,
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2006): Journal of Higher Education in Africa
Abstract
This article explores university–industry linkages as a strategy for industrialization in Africa. It presents the advantages of cooperation between university and industry to highlight the importance of collective learning through the sharing of knowledge and resources. The author primarily aims to elicit debate on the strengths and limi- tations of African universities in collaborating with national and multinational cor- porations. The article first describes the cultures of both the university and industry, analyses different experience of university–industry collaboration in countries of varying levels of science and technology development and lastly suggests action framework adapted to the realities of industries and universities in Africa.
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- Al-Sultan, Y.Y., 1998, «The Concept of Science Park in the Context of Kuwait», International Journal of Technology Management, 16(8): 800-807.
- Altbach, P. G., & Teferra, D. (Eds.), 1998, Knowledge Dissemination in Africa: The Role of Scholarly Journals. Massachusetts: Bellagio Publishing Network.
- Amonoo-Neizer, E.H., 1998, «Universities in Africa – the need for adaptation, trans- formation, reformation and revitalization», Higher Education Policy, 11: 301- 309.
- Baldwin, W. L., & Link, A.N., 1998, «Universities as Research Joint Venture Partners: Does size of the venture matter?», International Journal of Technology Mana- gement, 15(8): 895-913.
- Banque mondiale, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Development, étude prospective à long terme. Washington, D. C.: Banque mon- diale.
- Bloedon, R.V. & Stokes, D.R., 1994, «Making University–Industry Collaborative Research Succeed», Research, Technology. Management, 37(2): 44-48.
- Cabral, R., & Dahab, S. S., 1998, «Science Parks in Developing Countries: The case of Biori in Brazil», International Journal of Technology Management 16, 8: 726-739.
- Campbell, T.I.D., 1997, «Public Policy for the 21st Century: Addressing potential conflicts in university–industry collaboration», The Review of Higher Educa- tion, 20(4): 357-379.
- Carr, M.K.V., 1999, «Evaluating the Impact of Research for Development: Tea in Tanzania», Experimental Agriculture, 35(3) : 247-264.
- Casa, R., & Luna, M., 1997, «Government, Academia and the Private Sector in Mexico: Towards a new configuration», Science and Public Policy, 24(1): 7- 14.
- Castanos-Lomnitz, H.,1995, «University, Government and Industry in Mexico: The shared dislike of each other», Science and Public Policy, 22(5): 325-332.
- Culter, G. W., 1991, «Acquiring technology from outside. research Technology», Management, 34:11-18.
- DaSilva, E.,1998, «University–Industry Collaboration in Biotechnology: A catalyst for self-reliant development, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 14: 155-161.
- Davis, C., Tiffin, S., & Osotimehin, F., 1994, «Developing Capacity in Manage- ment of Science, Technology and Innovation in Africa», International Technology Management, 9(1): 43-61.
- Dill, D.D., 1995, «University–Industry Entrepreneurship: The organization and ma- nagement of American university technology transfer units», Higher Educa- tion, 29: 369-384.
- Gaillard, J., & Waast, R., 1998, « Quelles politiques de coopération scientifique et technique avec l’Afrique?» », Afrique contemporaine (185): 85-97.
- Gbewonyo, K.,1997, «The Case for Commercial Biotechnology in Sub-Saharan Africa», Nature Biotechnology, 15(April): 325-327.
- Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M.,1994, The Production of Knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London, New Delhi: Sage publications.
- Graham, H. D. & Diamond, N., 1997, The Rise of American Research Universities.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Masinda, M.T., 1997, Les réseaux d’innovation et la performance des entreprises dans un système national d’innovation: le cas de l’acquisition des services technologiques par les entreprises canadiennes. Thèse de doctorat non publiée. Québec: Université Laval.
- Mourad, R. P., 1997, «Postmodern Interdisciplinarity», The Review of Higher Edu- cation, 20(2): 113-140.
- Mowery, D.C., 1999, The Evolving Structure of University–Industry Collaboration in the United States: Three Cases. Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications.
- Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., 1997, «Technological Learning in African Industry: A study of engineering firms in Nigeria», Science and Public Policy, 24(5): 309-318.
- Powell, W. W., & Owen-Smith, J., 1998, «Universities and the Market for Intellectual property in the life sciences», Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 17(2) : 253-277.
- Shapira, P., 1997, «Manufacturing Partnerships: Coordinating industrial modernization services in the United States», Journal of Technology Transfer, 22(1): 5-10.
- Sjölund, M., 1998, «Strategic management in research funding», Higher Education Management, 10(2): 107-119.
- Svarc, J., Grubisic, G., & Sokol, S., 1996, «Contract Research as an Indicator of Science–Industry Co-operation in Croatia», Science and Public policy, 23(5): 305-310.
- Tornquist, K.M. & Kallsen, L.A., 1994, «Out of the Ivory Tower. Characteristics of Institutions Meeting the Research Needs of Industry», Journal of higher Edu- cation, 65(5): 524-539.
- UNESCO, 1998, World Science Report 1998, Paris: UNESCO Publishing Else-vier.
- Vermande, P., 1994, «Partenariat université-industrie-science», in UNESCO (Ed.), Conférence sur la science et la technologie en Afrique. Nairobi: UNESCO. Vitta, P. B., 1993, «Short of Target: Why in Africa research rarely reaches use?», Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 14(2) : 245-260. Wildman, P., 1998, «From the Monophonic University to Polyphonic Universities». Futures, 30(7): 625-633.
- Wong, P.-K.,1999, «University–Industry Technological Collaboration in Singapore: Emerging patterns and industry concerns», International journal of Technology Management, 18(3/4) : 270 284.
- Zaky, A. A., & El-Faham, M. M., 1998, «The university–Industry Gap and its Effect on Research and Development in Developing Countries», FIE Conference, 722-726.
References
Al-Sultan, Y.Y., 1998, «The Concept of Science Park in the Context of Kuwait», International Journal of Technology Management, 16(8): 800-807.
Altbach, P. G., & Teferra, D. (Eds.), 1998, Knowledge Dissemination in Africa: The Role of Scholarly Journals. Massachusetts: Bellagio Publishing Network.
Amonoo-Neizer, E.H., 1998, «Universities in Africa – the need for adaptation, trans- formation, reformation and revitalization», Higher Education Policy, 11: 301- 309.
Baldwin, W. L., & Link, A.N., 1998, «Universities as Research Joint Venture Partners: Does size of the venture matter?», International Journal of Technology Mana- gement, 15(8): 895-913.
Banque mondiale, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Development, étude prospective à long terme. Washington, D. C.: Banque mon- diale.
Bloedon, R.V. & Stokes, D.R., 1994, «Making University–Industry Collaborative Research Succeed», Research, Technology. Management, 37(2): 44-48.
Cabral, R., & Dahab, S. S., 1998, «Science Parks in Developing Countries: The case of Biori in Brazil», International Journal of Technology Management 16, 8: 726-739.
Campbell, T.I.D., 1997, «Public Policy for the 21st Century: Addressing potential conflicts in university–industry collaboration», The Review of Higher Educa- tion, 20(4): 357-379.
Carr, M.K.V., 1999, «Evaluating the Impact of Research for Development: Tea in Tanzania», Experimental Agriculture, 35(3) : 247-264.
Casa, R., & Luna, M., 1997, «Government, Academia and the Private Sector in Mexico: Towards a new configuration», Science and Public Policy, 24(1): 7- 14.
Castanos-Lomnitz, H.,1995, «University, Government and Industry in Mexico: The shared dislike of each other», Science and Public Policy, 22(5): 325-332.
Culter, G. W., 1991, «Acquiring technology from outside. research Technology», Management, 34:11-18.
DaSilva, E.,1998, «University–Industry Collaboration in Biotechnology: A catalyst for self-reliant development, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 14: 155-161.
Davis, C., Tiffin, S., & Osotimehin, F., 1994, «Developing Capacity in Manage- ment of Science, Technology and Innovation in Africa», International Technology Management, 9(1): 43-61.
Dill, D.D., 1995, «University–Industry Entrepreneurship: The organization and ma- nagement of American university technology transfer units», Higher Educa- tion, 29: 369-384.
Gaillard, J., & Waast, R., 1998, « Quelles politiques de coopération scientifique et technique avec l’Afrique?» », Afrique contemporaine (185): 85-97.
Gbewonyo, K.,1997, «The Case for Commercial Biotechnology in Sub-Saharan Africa», Nature Biotechnology, 15(April): 325-327.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M.,1994, The Production of Knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London, New Delhi: Sage publications.
Graham, H. D. & Diamond, N., 1997, The Rise of American Research Universities.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Masinda, M.T., 1997, Les réseaux d’innovation et la performance des entreprises dans un système national d’innovation: le cas de l’acquisition des services technologiques par les entreprises canadiennes. Thèse de doctorat non publiée. Québec: Université Laval.
Mourad, R. P., 1997, «Postmodern Interdisciplinarity», The Review of Higher Edu- cation, 20(2): 113-140.
Mowery, D.C., 1999, The Evolving Structure of University–Industry Collaboration in the United States: Three Cases. Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications.
Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., 1997, «Technological Learning in African Industry: A study of engineering firms in Nigeria», Science and Public Policy, 24(5): 309-318.
Powell, W. W., & Owen-Smith, J., 1998, «Universities and the Market for Intellectual property in the life sciences», Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 17(2) : 253-277.
Shapira, P., 1997, «Manufacturing Partnerships: Coordinating industrial modernization services in the United States», Journal of Technology Transfer, 22(1): 5-10.
Sjölund, M., 1998, «Strategic management in research funding», Higher Education Management, 10(2): 107-119.
Svarc, J., Grubisic, G., & Sokol, S., 1996, «Contract Research as an Indicator of Science–Industry Co-operation in Croatia», Science and Public policy, 23(5): 305-310.
Tornquist, K.M. & Kallsen, L.A., 1994, «Out of the Ivory Tower. Characteristics of Institutions Meeting the Research Needs of Industry», Journal of higher Edu- cation, 65(5): 524-539.
UNESCO, 1998, World Science Report 1998, Paris: UNESCO Publishing Else-vier.
Vermande, P., 1994, «Partenariat université-industrie-science», in UNESCO (Ed.), Conférence sur la science et la technologie en Afrique. Nairobi: UNESCO. Vitta, P. B., 1993, «Short of Target: Why in Africa research rarely reaches use?», Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 14(2) : 245-260. Wildman, P., 1998, «From the Monophonic University to Polyphonic Universities». Futures, 30(7): 625-633.
Wong, P.-K.,1999, «University–Industry Technological Collaboration in Singapore: Emerging patterns and industry concerns», International journal of Technology Management, 18(3/4) : 270 284.
Zaky, A. A., & El-Faham, M. M., 1998, «The university–Industry Gap and its Effect on Research and Development in Developing Countries», FIE Conference, 722-726.