4 - Financing Higher Education: Old Challenges and New Messages
Journal of Higher Education in Africa,
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2003): Journal of Higher Education in Africa
Abstract
Two recently released documents—the World Bank’s 2002 policy paper, Construct- ing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education, and the UK Government’s 2003 White Paper, The Future of Higher Education—emphasize challenges facing higher education, including ‘old’ challenges of financing expan- sion while increasing equity, quality and sustainability in times of financial strin- gency. Both papers propose wider cost sharing to address these challenges. This article examines these proposals, noting some similarities in their messages. It sum- marizes international experience of tuition fees and financial support for students, including student loans, and describes current developments in Mozambique; it examines equity effects of cost sharing, and draws lessons for all higher education systems facing these old and new challenges.
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- Barr, N. (2001). The Welfare State as Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty and the Role of the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Chapman, B. and Ryan, C. (2002, July). Income-contingent financing of student charges for higher education: Assessing the Australian innovation. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 64–81.
- Department for Education and Skills (DFES) (UK) (2003). The Future of Higher Education. London: The Stationery Office, Cm 5735.
- Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance (2000). Student Finance, Fairness for the Future (The Cubie Report). Edinburgh: Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance.
- Independent Investigation Group on Student Hardship and Funding in Wales (IIGSHFW) (2001). Investing in Learners: Coherence, Clarity and Equity for Student Support in Wales. Cardiff: IIGSHFW.
- Jackson, R. (2002, July). The National Student Financial Aid Scheme of South Africa (NSFAS): How and why it works. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 82–94.
- Johnstone, D. B. (1986). Sharing the Costs of Higher Education: Student Financial Assistance in the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Sweden, and the United States. New York: The College Board.
- Johnstone, D. B. (2002, July). Challenges of financial austerity: Imperatives and limitations of revenue diversification in higher education. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 18–36.
- Johnstone, D. B. with Silassie A. A. (2001). The Applicability for Developing Countries of Income Contingent Loans or Graduate Taxes, with Special Consideration of an Australian HECS-Type Income Contingent Loan Program for Ethiopia. Available on the International Comparative Higher Education Finance and Accessibility Project website: http://www.gse.buffalo.edu/
- Mario, M., Fry, P., Levey, L., and Chilundo, A. (2003). Higher Education in Mozambique: A Case Study. Oxford: James Currey (in association with Partnership for Higher Education in Africa).
- Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Mozambique. (2000). Strategic Plan of Higher Education in Mozambique, 2000–2010. Maputo, Republic of Mozambique Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.
- Rees, T. (2002, July). The independent investigation group on student hardship and funding in Wales: Reflections from the chair. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 10–17.
- Richards, K. (2002, July). Reforming higher education student finance in the UK: The impact of recent changes and proposals for the future The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1)), 48–63.
- The Task Force on Higher Education and Society. (2000). Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise. Washington, DC: The World Bank (a joint World Bank-UNESCO project).
- Woodhall, M. (1990). Student Loans in Higher Education (1) Western Europe and USA. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
- Woodhall, M. (1991a). Student Loans in Higher Education (2) Asia. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
- Woodhall, M. (1991b). Student Loans in Higher Education (3) English-speaking Africa. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
- Woodhall, M. (Guest Ed.). (1992). Student loans in developing countries: Feasibility, experience and prospects for reform. Higher Education, 23 (4), 347–356.
- Woodhall, M. (1993). Student Loans in Higher Education (4) Latin America and the Caribbean Paris: International Institute for Higher Educational Planning.
- Woodhall, M. (1997). The reform of higher education finance in developing countries: Some implementation issues.” Paper presented at Human Development Week Washington, DC: World Bank (processed).
- Woodhall, M. (Guest Ed.). (2002, July). Paying for learning: The debate on student fees, grants and loans in international perspective. The Welsh Journal of Education, 11(1), 1–9. Woodhall, M. (2003). Financing and economics of education in Africa. In Philip Altbach and Damtew Teferra (Eds.), African Higher Education: An International Handbook and Reference Guide.
- World Bank. (1994). Higher Education; the Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- World Bank. (2002). Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- Ziderman, A. and Albrecht, D. (1995). Financing Universities in Developing Countries. London and Washington, DC: The Falmer Press.
- Ziderman, A. (2002, July). Alternative objectives of national student loan schemes: implications for design, evaluation and policy. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 37–47.
References
Barr, N. (2001). The Welfare State as Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty and the Role of the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chapman, B. and Ryan, C. (2002, July). Income-contingent financing of student charges for higher education: Assessing the Australian innovation. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 64–81.
Department for Education and Skills (DFES) (UK) (2003). The Future of Higher Education. London: The Stationery Office, Cm 5735.
Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance (2000). Student Finance, Fairness for the Future (The Cubie Report). Edinburgh: Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance.
Independent Investigation Group on Student Hardship and Funding in Wales (IIGSHFW) (2001). Investing in Learners: Coherence, Clarity and Equity for Student Support in Wales. Cardiff: IIGSHFW.
Jackson, R. (2002, July). The National Student Financial Aid Scheme of South Africa (NSFAS): How and why it works. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 82–94.
Johnstone, D. B. (1986). Sharing the Costs of Higher Education: Student Financial Assistance in the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Sweden, and the United States. New York: The College Board.
Johnstone, D. B. (2002, July). Challenges of financial austerity: Imperatives and limitations of revenue diversification in higher education. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 18–36.
Johnstone, D. B. with Silassie A. A. (2001). The Applicability for Developing Countries of Income Contingent Loans or Graduate Taxes, with Special Consideration of an Australian HECS-Type Income Contingent Loan Program for Ethiopia. Available on the International Comparative Higher Education Finance and Accessibility Project website: http://www.gse.buffalo.edu/
Mario, M., Fry, P., Levey, L., and Chilundo, A. (2003). Higher Education in Mozambique: A Case Study. Oxford: James Currey (in association with Partnership for Higher Education in Africa).
Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Mozambique. (2000). Strategic Plan of Higher Education in Mozambique, 2000–2010. Maputo, Republic of Mozambique Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.
Rees, T. (2002, July). The independent investigation group on student hardship and funding in Wales: Reflections from the chair. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 10–17.
Richards, K. (2002, July). Reforming higher education student finance in the UK: The impact of recent changes and proposals for the future The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1)), 48–63.
The Task Force on Higher Education and Society. (2000). Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise. Washington, DC: The World Bank (a joint World Bank-UNESCO project).
Woodhall, M. (1990). Student Loans in Higher Education (1) Western Europe and USA. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
Woodhall, M. (1991a). Student Loans in Higher Education (2) Asia. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
Woodhall, M. (1991b). Student Loans in Higher Education (3) English-speaking Africa. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
Woodhall, M. (Guest Ed.). (1992). Student loans in developing countries: Feasibility, experience and prospects for reform. Higher Education, 23 (4), 347–356.
Woodhall, M. (1993). Student Loans in Higher Education (4) Latin America and the Caribbean Paris: International Institute for Higher Educational Planning.
Woodhall, M. (1997). The reform of higher education finance in developing countries: Some implementation issues.” Paper presented at Human Development Week Washington, DC: World Bank (processed).
Woodhall, M. (Guest Ed.). (2002, July). Paying for learning: The debate on student fees, grants and loans in international perspective. The Welsh Journal of Education, 11(1), 1–9. Woodhall, M. (2003). Financing and economics of education in Africa. In Philip Altbach and Damtew Teferra (Eds.), African Higher Education: An International Handbook and Reference Guide.
World Bank. (1994). Higher Education; the Lessons of Experience. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
World Bank. (2002). Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Ziderman, A. and Albrecht, D. (1995). Financing Universities in Developing Countries. London and Washington, DC: The Falmer Press.
Ziderman, A. (2002, July). Alternative objectives of national student loan schemes: implications for design, evaluation and policy. The Welsh Journal of Education (Special International Issue), 11(1), 37–47.